The document summarizes Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), an Indian public sector company. It discusses that BEL was established in 1954 under the Ministry of Defence to manufacture advanced electronics for defense. It has 9 manufacturing units and employs around 12,000 people. As of 2014, BEL's order book was approximately $4.2 billion. The document then lists BEL's manufacturing units and provides a brief overview of the product ranges including radar systems, communications equipment, antennas, and microwave components. It also describes BEL's rotational program and includes basic information about radar systems.

1. PRESNTED BY ASHIT SHARMA
B.TECH (ECE)
MIT,MANIPAL

2. ABOUT BEL
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) was established in 1954 as a
public Sector Enterprise under the administrative control of
Ministry of Defence.
It manufactures advanced electronic products for the defense.
It has total employee strength of about 12000 people spread across 9
manufacturing units, and few regional offices.
As of 1st April 2014, BEL's order book is estimated to be
around 257 billion (US$4.2 billion)

3. MANUFACTURING UNITS
 BANGALORE (KANARATAKA) – 1954
 GHAZIABAD (UTTER PRADESH)– 1974
 PUNE (MAHARASHTRA)– 1979
 MACHILIPATNAM (ANDHRA PRADESH– 1983
 PANCHKULA (HARYANA)– 1985
 CHENNAI (TAMIL NADU)– 1985
 KOTDWARA (UTTER PRADESH)– 1986
 TALOJA (MAHARASHTRA)– 1986
 HYDERABAD (ANDHRA PRADESH)– 1986

4. PRODUCT RANGES
RADAR SYSTEMS
 3-Dimensional High Power Static and Mobile Radar for the Air Force.
 Low Flying Detection Radar for both the Army and the Air force.
 Tactical Control Radar System for the Army.
 Battlefield Surveillance Rader for the Army.
 IFF Mk-X Radar systems for the Defence and export.
 ASR/MSSR systems for Civil Aviation.
 Radar & allied systems Data Processing Systems.

5. COMMUNICATIONS
 Digital Static Tropo scatters Communication Systems for the Air
Force.
 Digital Mobile Tropo scatters communication System for the Air
Force and Army.
 VHF, UHF & Microwave Communication Equipment.
 Bulk Encryption Equipment.
 Turnkey communication Systems Projects for Defence & civil users.
 Static and Mobile Satellite Communication Systems for Defence.
 Telemetry /Tele-control Systems.

6. ANTENNA
 Antennae for Radar, Terrestrial & Satellite Communication Systems.
 Antennae for TV Satellite Receive and Broadcast applications.
 Antennae for Line-of-sight Microwave Communication Systems.
MICROWAVE COMPONENT
 Active Microwave components like LNAs, Synthesizer, and
Receivers etc.
 Passive Microwave components like Double Balanced Mixers,
etc.

7. ROTATION PROGRAM
Under this students are introduced to the company by putting them under a rotation
program to various departments. The several departments where I had gone under my
rotational program are:
1. Test Equipment and Automation
2. P.C.B. Fabrication
3. Quality Control Works-Radar
4. Work Assembly- Communication
5. Magnetics
6. Microwave lab
Rotation period was to give us a brief insight of the company’s functioning and
knowledge of the various departments. A brief idea of the jobs done at the particular
departments was given. The cooperative staff at the various departments made the learning
process very interesting , which allowed me to know about the company in a very short time.

8. Basic Radar System:

9. RADAR EQUATION
The amount of power Pr returning to the receiving antenna is
given by the radar equation:-
where
Pt = transmitter power
Gt = gain of the transmitting antenna
Ar = effective aperture (area) of the receiving antenna
σ = radar cross section, or scattering coefficient, of the target
F = pattern propagation factor
Rt = distance from the transmitter to the target
Rr = distance from the target to the receiver.

10. RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
Distance measurement
Transit time

11. An easy block diagram of a fully
coherent radar

12. RADAR APPLICATIONS
 Air traffic control uses radar to track planes both on the ground and in the air,
and also to guide planes in for smooth landings.
 Police use radar to detect the speed of passing motorists.
 NASA uses radar to map the Earth and other planets, to track satellites and space
debris and to help with things like docking and maneuvering.
 The military uses it to detect the enemy and to guide weapons.