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PENGAKUAN VICTIM PRECIPITATION
DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA SEBAGAI
BENTUK PERHATIANTERHADAP KORBAN SECARA
LEBIH ADIL
OLEH: ANGKASA
DOSEN FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN
KETUA ASOSIASI PENGAJAR VIKTIMOLOGI INDONESIA (APVI)
VICTIM PRECIPITATION DAPAT
DIARTIKAN SEBAGAI KORBAN YANG
MEMPUNYAI ANDIL KESALAHAN
DALAM TERJADINYA VIKTIMISASI
"The guilty is oftentimes the
victim of the injured.“
(K. GIBRAN,)
2
COMPARISON
Perhatian Terhadap Korban
"The Golden Age of theVictim"
(zaman keemasan korban),
• Zaman keemasan korban terjadi
hingga abad pertengahan (abad
ke 5- ke 15 Masehi), diawali
ketika masyarakat masih dalam
kebudayaan primitif.
• Hukum kebiasaan yang berlaku
pada zaman keemasan
memberikan kepada korban
akses yang besar dalam
memperoleh keadilan menurut
persepsi atau versi korban.
“The Decline of theVictim”
(zaman kemunduran
korban)
• Zaman kemunduran korban terjadi
ketika perhatian terhadap korban dan
akses mereka untuk mendapatkan
keadilan mulai memudar.
• Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor
yang diawali dengan adanya perubahan
dari sistem pemerintahan yang mulai
terstruktur serta terdapat pula
perkembangan dari hukum formal yang
ada.
ADD A FOOTER 3
COMPARISON
Perhatian Terhadap Korban
"The Revival of theVictim's Importance“
(Zaman kebangkitan kepentingan korban)
1. Zaman kebangkitan kepentingan korban
menunjukan selain adanya usaha untuk
memperhatian kepentingan korban khususnya
restitusi atau ganti rugi maupun kompensasi
terhadap korban juga terdapat kajian tentang
kontribusi korban dalam viktimisasi.
•
ADD A FOOTER 4
COMPARISON
Perhatian Terhadap Korban
"The Revival of theVictim's Importance“
(Zaman kebangkitan kepentingan korban)
2. Dalam zaman kebangkitan kepentingan korban
maka terdapat suatu tuntutan pandangan
terhadap peradilan secara lebih baik terhadap
korban yang dilukai maupun unsur korban yang
melekat pada diri pelaku kejahatan.
Dengan Pemikiran yang seperti itu memiliki
konsekuensi bahwa ada pertanggungjawaban
fungsional dari pelaku dan korbannya (Karmen,
1984: 117).
•
ADD A FOOTER 5
TEORI
VICTIM PRECIPITATION
The concept of ‘Victim precipitation
deals with the case in which the victim
has had something to do with his own
victimization.
Hence, the victim precipitated cases are
those in which the victim was the first to
show and use a deadly weapon, to strike
a blow in an altercation. In short the
first to commence the interplay or resort
to physical violence (Marvin, E.
Wolfgang) 6
TEORI
VICTIM PRECIPITATION
The results point to the fact that the
offender should not be viewed as the
sole “cause” and reason for the offense,
and that the “virtuous” victim is not
always the innocent and passive party.
Thus, the role played by the victim and
its contribution to the perpetration of
the offense becomes one of the main
interests of the emerging discipline of
victimology ( Amir).
7
TEORI
VICTIM PRECIPITATION
Benjamin Mendelsohn juga
menunjukkan bahwa dalam terjadinya
viktimisasi terdapat gradasi tingkat
kesalahan atau kontribusi korban dalam
terjadinya viktimisasi. Gradasi tingkat
kesalahan korban dimulai dari korban
tidak memberikan kontribusi sama
sekali atau tidak terdapat kesalahan
sama sekali dalam terjadinya
viktimisasi, hingga korban lebih
bersalah daripada pelaku.
8
TEORI
VICTIM PRECIPITATION
Para viktimolog dengan meminjam
terminologi dalam sistem hukum yang
selama ini dipakai untuk menjelaskan
pelaku antara lain istilah
“pertanggungjawaban” (responsibility),
kealpaan (culpability), kesalahan (guilt),
ternyata dapat pula diterapkan untuk
korban, artinya korban juga dapat
diposisikan dalam pertanggungjawaban,
kealpaan maupun kesalahan.(A.
Karmen) 9
TEORI
VICTIM PRECIPITATION
Dalam pengertian yang luas,
mendasarkan konsep di atas maka dapat
ditemukan konsep pertanggungjawaban
terbagi antara korban dan pelaku karena
kedua belah pihak mempunyai kadar
kesalahan.
10
THANKYOU!
DRANGKASA_64@YAHOO.COM

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VP.pptx

  • 1. PENGAKUAN VICTIM PRECIPITATION DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA SEBAGAI BENTUK PERHATIANTERHADAP KORBAN SECARA LEBIH ADIL OLEH: ANGKASA DOSEN FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN KETUA ASOSIASI PENGAJAR VIKTIMOLOGI INDONESIA (APVI)
  • 2. VICTIM PRECIPITATION DAPAT DIARTIKAN SEBAGAI KORBAN YANG MEMPUNYAI ANDIL KESALAHAN DALAM TERJADINYA VIKTIMISASI "The guilty is oftentimes the victim of the injured.“ (K. GIBRAN,) 2
  • 3. COMPARISON Perhatian Terhadap Korban "The Golden Age of theVictim" (zaman keemasan korban), • Zaman keemasan korban terjadi hingga abad pertengahan (abad ke 5- ke 15 Masehi), diawali ketika masyarakat masih dalam kebudayaan primitif. • Hukum kebiasaan yang berlaku pada zaman keemasan memberikan kepada korban akses yang besar dalam memperoleh keadilan menurut persepsi atau versi korban. “The Decline of theVictim” (zaman kemunduran korban) • Zaman kemunduran korban terjadi ketika perhatian terhadap korban dan akses mereka untuk mendapatkan keadilan mulai memudar. • Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang diawali dengan adanya perubahan dari sistem pemerintahan yang mulai terstruktur serta terdapat pula perkembangan dari hukum formal yang ada. ADD A FOOTER 3
  • 4. COMPARISON Perhatian Terhadap Korban "The Revival of theVictim's Importance“ (Zaman kebangkitan kepentingan korban) 1. Zaman kebangkitan kepentingan korban menunjukan selain adanya usaha untuk memperhatian kepentingan korban khususnya restitusi atau ganti rugi maupun kompensasi terhadap korban juga terdapat kajian tentang kontribusi korban dalam viktimisasi. • ADD A FOOTER 4
  • 5. COMPARISON Perhatian Terhadap Korban "The Revival of theVictim's Importance“ (Zaman kebangkitan kepentingan korban) 2. Dalam zaman kebangkitan kepentingan korban maka terdapat suatu tuntutan pandangan terhadap peradilan secara lebih baik terhadap korban yang dilukai maupun unsur korban yang melekat pada diri pelaku kejahatan. Dengan Pemikiran yang seperti itu memiliki konsekuensi bahwa ada pertanggungjawaban fungsional dari pelaku dan korbannya (Karmen, 1984: 117). • ADD A FOOTER 5
  • 6. TEORI VICTIM PRECIPITATION The concept of ‘Victim precipitation deals with the case in which the victim has had something to do with his own victimization. Hence, the victim precipitated cases are those in which the victim was the first to show and use a deadly weapon, to strike a blow in an altercation. In short the first to commence the interplay or resort to physical violence (Marvin, E. Wolfgang) 6
  • 7. TEORI VICTIM PRECIPITATION The results point to the fact that the offender should not be viewed as the sole “cause” and reason for the offense, and that the “virtuous” victim is not always the innocent and passive party. Thus, the role played by the victim and its contribution to the perpetration of the offense becomes one of the main interests of the emerging discipline of victimology ( Amir). 7
  • 8. TEORI VICTIM PRECIPITATION Benjamin Mendelsohn juga menunjukkan bahwa dalam terjadinya viktimisasi terdapat gradasi tingkat kesalahan atau kontribusi korban dalam terjadinya viktimisasi. Gradasi tingkat kesalahan korban dimulai dari korban tidak memberikan kontribusi sama sekali atau tidak terdapat kesalahan sama sekali dalam terjadinya viktimisasi, hingga korban lebih bersalah daripada pelaku. 8
  • 9. TEORI VICTIM PRECIPITATION Para viktimolog dengan meminjam terminologi dalam sistem hukum yang selama ini dipakai untuk menjelaskan pelaku antara lain istilah “pertanggungjawaban” (responsibility), kealpaan (culpability), kesalahan (guilt), ternyata dapat pula diterapkan untuk korban, artinya korban juga dapat diposisikan dalam pertanggungjawaban, kealpaan maupun kesalahan.(A. Karmen) 9
  • 10. TEORI VICTIM PRECIPITATION Dalam pengertian yang luas, mendasarkan konsep di atas maka dapat ditemukan konsep pertanggungjawaban terbagi antara korban dan pelaku karena kedua belah pihak mempunyai kadar kesalahan. 10