HCI lecture that define the user centerd design

1. User-centered approaches to
interaction design

2. ICS205 Spring02
Content
 Introduction
 Importance of involving users
 Degrees of involvement
 What is user-centered approach
 Applying ethnography in design
 Coherence
 Contextual design
 Involving users in design

3. ICS205 Spring02
Introduction
 User-centered development involves
 Finding out a lot about users and their
tasks
 Using this information to inform design
 Data-gathering techniques
 Method for naturalistic observation:

4. ICS205 Spring02
Introduction(2)
 Another aspect of user-centered
development:
 User involvement in the development
process.
 Different degrees of involvement:
 Through evaluation studies
 Users contribute actively to the design
itself – to become co-designer.

5. ICS205 Spring02
Importance to involve users
 Developers can gain a better
understanding of users’ needs and
goals, leading to a more appropriate,
more usable product.
 Non-functionality aspects
 Expectation management
 Ownership

6. ICS205 Spring02
Expectation management
 The process of making sure that the
users’ views and expectations are
realistic.
 Ensure that there are no surprises for
users when the product arrives.
 It’s better to exceed users’ expectations
than to fall below them.

7. ICS205 Spring02
Techniques for EM
 Involving users throughout development
 Adequate and timely training

8. ICS205 Spring02
Ownership
 Users who are involved and feel that
they have contributed to a product’s
development are
 more likely to feel a sense of “ownership”.
 more receptive to it when it finally
emerges.

9. ICS205 Spring02
Degrees of involvement
 Users may be co-opted to the design
team.
 Full-time, part-time
 Users may be kept informed through
 regular newsletters, or
 other channels of communication.

10. ICS205 Spring02
Degrees of involvement (2)
 Compromise situation for large number
of users
 Representatives from each user group
 Other users are involved through design
workshops, evaluation sessions and other
data-gathering activities.

11. ICS205 Spring02
A well-designed system
 Should make the most of human skills
and judgment
 Should be directly relevant to the work
in hand, and
 Should support rather than constrain
the user.

12. ICS205 Spring02
User-centered approach
 Principles:
 Early focus on users and tasks
 Empirical measurement
 Iterative design
 Olympic Messaging System (OMS)
 First reported large computer-based
system using these three principles

13. ICS205 Spring02
Early focus on users and
tasks
 User’s tasks and goals: driving force
 Users’ behavior and context of use
 systems are designed to support them
 Users’ characteristics are captured and
designed for.
 Cognitive aspects
 Physical aspects

14. ICS205 Spring02
Early focus on users (2)
 Users are consulted throughout
development
 All design decisions should be within
 the context of the users
 their work, and
 their environment

15. ICS205 Spring02
Understanding users’ work
 Applying ethnography in design
 “writing the culture”
 Aims to find the order within an activity
 Users are observed as they go about
their normal activities.

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Design and Ethnography
 The goals of them are opposite
 Design is concerned with abstraction
and rationalization.
 Ethnography is about detail.

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Framework
 Help designers use the presentation of
ethnographies
 Three dimensions:
 Distributed co-ordination
 Plans and procedures
 Awareness of work

18. ICS205 Spring02
Alternative approach
 Train developers to collect ethnographic
data themselves.
 Give the designers first-hand
experience
 Two methods:
 Coherence
 Contextual design