Fidel Castro was the communist leader of the Cuban Revolution in the 1950s. He led an attack on the Moncada Barracks in 1953 and then fought a guerrilla campaign in the Sierra Maestre mountains, which led to the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista in 1959. Castro then became Prime Minister of Cuba and established a communist government. Under Castro, Cuba had programs that focused on healthcare, education, and literacy. However, Cuba also faced economic crises and became a one-party state dominated by Castro. This created tensions with the United States during the Cold War.