Geneder Development Index and Gender InequalityvIndex

1. Application of Econometrics on Analyzing
and interpreting the condition and relation
between the data of net income and
investment of Brac Bank Ltd. for the
duration of 2001-2021
Comparison between Gender Development
Index and Gender Inequality Index:
An correlational study among SAARC
Countries
PresentedBy
Group A
1
12/15/2022

2. Group Details
2
Group: B
ID Name
B170201090 Muhammad Nazmul Hossain Rizvi
B170201109 Md. Ridoy Hossain
B170201130 Juthi Akter
B170201132 K M Masum Billa
B170201143 Farjana Munni
12/15/2022

3. Report
writing
analyzing
data
Data
Collection
Sample
design
and
scaling
Methodology
and
Model
Literature
Review
Research
Objective
Problem
Statemen
t
Identifying
the
problem
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Research Process

4. 4
Meaning of Title
A title summarizes the main idea or ideas of a study.
Title of the study
“ Comparison between Gender Development Index and Gender Inequality Index: A
correlational study among SAARC Countries”
Meaning-
1. Comparison indicates analyzing relationship (correlation) among two Indexes
2. Correlational indicates the analysis will find correlation of factors used in GDI and GII
3. The Big Question, why we choose SAARC countries for our study?
SAARC included 8 countries are overpopulated, a combination of High, Medium,
Low HDI countries. GDI and GII having real meaning for Very High HDI holding countries.
The study also wants to find out the answer of question- “Does gender development
trend to gender empowerment by reducing inequalities of both male and female? If yes,
how much?”
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5. Development depends on various factors as it is tough to
achieve but simple to say.
United Nations Development Projects (UNDP) measures human
development by various Index.
Scholars cannot reach in a uniform decision about the perfect
Index for measuring human development.
Presently, Gender related development Index and Gender
Inequality Index are used for measuring development
Introduction
5
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This proposal intends to find out the correlation
between GDI’s and GII’s factors regarding SAARC
The study also wants to find out the answer of
question- “Does gender development trend to gender
empowerment by reducing inequalities of both male and
female? If yes, how much?”
Introduction

7. Not many less-developed countries collect reliable data on women's
involvement in economic participation or labor involvement.
(Betata, 2006)
The GII is only reliable for very highly developed countries which
do collect those statistics.
Problem Statement

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Problem Statement cont.
1. Life expectancy at birth
2. GNI per Capital
Education
index / Years
of schooling
1.Maternal mortality ratio
2. Adolescent fertility rate
3. shares of parliamentary
seats
4. labour force participation
GDI GII
Dimensions used for calculating GDI and GII

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Problem Statement cont.
The Venn Diagram shows one intersection in education but differences among other
dimensions used to calculate for the both Indexes.
There arises the following questions-
1. Are GDI and GII is appropriate for countries which are not developed?
2. Are there lies any relationship among factors used for calculation of GDI
and GII?
3. Does gender development trend gender empowerment?
4. Does empowerment reduce gender Inequality?
5. How much reduction will be in gender inequality for gender
empowerment?

10. The main focus of this study is to
evaluate the real meaning of
Development and Empowerment in the
light of GDI and GII. The study would
believe that development in terms of
gender trends to gender empowerment.
Objective of the Study

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A literature review is a piece of academic writing demonstrating knowledge and
understanding of the academic literature on a specific topic placed in context.
Literature Review
Author name
and Year
country Sample year
Findings
(Stachura,
Paulina,
Śleszyński, &
Jerzy, 2016)
Poland 2008-2014 Comments and Findings:
1. The GII is calculated for 138 countries around the world, covering
all regions and countries with different value of HDI.
2. Gender inequalities appear in all countries and regions, but with
significant variation. What more, these disparities actually reduce
human development achievements and the estimated global loss
due to gender inequality is 56 percent
Variables: GDI and GII
Method: HDI Framework

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(Harchand Ram,
2022)
India 2000-
2015
Comments and Findings
1. GII has a significant inverse correlation with GDP per-capita (r=-0.7886);
2. While gender development index (GDI hereafter) shows a positive correlation
with GDP per-capita (r=0.574).
3. GII had a significant negative association with log GDP per-capita (β= -4.243,
p<.001)
Variables: GDP, GII, GDI
Method: Multivariate log-linear model
(Fernandes, K.
Dumas, Jones,
Mbarika, & Isaac,
2015)
USA Comments and Findings:
The inclusion of indicators that compare the relative performance of women vs
men together with absolute women- specific indicators obscures even more the
interpretation of an already complicated index that turns out to penalize the
performance of low-income countries.
Variables: Income, Performance (labor, Political participation)
Method: Achievement matrix

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Methodology Of the Study
The study will be used
1. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
2. regression for predict empowerment
𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖
= 𝛽0 + 𝛽1 × 𝐸𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝛽2 × labor force participation + 𝛽3 × Seat in the parliament + ε

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Sampling and Scaling
The study would pick time series and cross-sectional
data for 11 years (2010-2021) from 31 years’ time
series data as per availability. This type of data
requires interval scaling for measuring data.
Sampling and Scaling

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Variable
Problem statement paragraph finds the following Variable
(Dimension) relating GDI and GII. They are:
1. Life expectancy at birth
2. GNI per Capital
3. Education index/ Years of schooling
4. Maternal mortality ratio
5. Adolescent fertility rate
6. Shares of parliamentary seats
7. Labour force participation

16. Model Of the Study
Model -1:
For per country
𝑖 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦𝑥𝑦 =
Cov(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜎𝑥𝜎𝑦
where:
𝑖 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦𝑥𝑦=Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
Cov(x, y)=covariance of variables GDI and GII
σx=standard deviation of GDI
σy=standard deviation of GII

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Model Of the Study
Model 2-
𝑖 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦𝑒𝑑 =
Cov(𝑒,𝑑)
𝜎𝑒𝜎𝑑
Cov (e,
d)=covariance of variables Empowerment Ratio and Gender
development Index
σe=standard deviation of Empowerment Ratio
σd=standard deviation of Gender development Index
𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 Ratio =
𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒
𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒

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Moel-3
𝑖 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦ℎ𝑙 =
Cov(ℎ, 𝑙)
𝜎ℎ𝜎𝑙
Cov(h, l)=covariance of variables health index and life expectancy
σh=standard deviation of health index
σl​=standard deviation of life expectancy
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 =
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒
Health Index i= (
1
Maternal mortality ratio
+
1
Adolescent fertility rate
)/2
Model Of the Study

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Model Of the Study
Model-4:
𝑖 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦𝐺𝑁𝐼,𝐿𝐹𝑃 =
Cov(𝐺𝑁𝐼, 𝐿𝐹𝑃)
𝜎𝐺𝑁𝐼𝜎𝐿𝐹𝑃
Cov (GNI, LFP)=covariance of variables GNI per Capital and Labour force
participation
σ GNI =standard deviation of GNI per Capital
σ LFP=standard deviation of Labour force participation

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gii_2010 gii_2011 gii_2012 gii_2013 gii_2014 gii_2015 gii_2016 gii_2017 gii_2018 gii_2019 gii_2020 gii_2021
Afghanistan 0.753 0.746 0.738 0.728 0.718 0.706 0.692 0.678 0.671 0.665 0.674 0.678
Bangladesh 0.607 0.594 0.589 0.583 0.568 0.557 0.551 0.534 0.533 0.531 0.531 0.53
Bhutan 0.526 0.513 0.496 0.53 0.51 0.498 0.486 0.473 0.429 0.423 0.422 0.415
India 0.582 0.576 0.571 0.565 0.558 0.525 0.516 0.51 0.505 0.486 0.493 0.49
Sri Lanka 0.416 0.407 0.409 0.395 0.387 0.389 0.376 0.372 0.378 0.385 0.384 0.383
Maldives 0.406 0.393 0.384 0.374 0.373 0.362 0.355 0.346 0.341 0.353 0.351 0.348
Nepal 0.518 0.512 0.505 0.498 0.498 0.495 0.479 0.469 0.457 0.454 0.454 0.452
Pakistan 0.582 0.577 0.563 0.561 0.555 0.547 0.545 0.543 0.542 0.534 0.535 0.534
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Sri Lanka
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Data: GII

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Data: GII
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Afghanistan 0.627 0.642 0.649 0.659 0.63 0.673 0.682 0.703 0.71 0.712 0.689 0.681
Bangladesh 0.837 0.842 0.855 0.87 0.874 0.876 0.893 0.902 0.89 0.9 0.896 0.898
Bhutan 0.921 0.926 0.936 0.926 0.925 0.929 0.931 0.933 0.936 0.941 0.937 0.937
India 0.81 0.813 0.826 0.831 0.835 0.838 0.848 0.851 0.849 0.852 0.845 0.849
Sri Lanka 0.951 0.955 0.951 0.96 0.961 0.964 0.959 0.962 0.957 0.955 0.955 0.949
Maldives 0.934 0.935 0.935 0.937 0.937 0.936 0.934 0.934 0.93 0.96 0.921 0.925
Nepal 0.902 0.91 0.918 0.927 0.934 0.938 0.942 0.931 0.946 0.949 0.941 0.942
Pakistan 0.727 0.727 0.76 0.741 0.746 0.754 0.775 0.754 0.767 0.798 0.809 0.81
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Sri Lanka
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan

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Conclution
Empowerment The study expects a positive
relationship between GDI and GII. Again, for
comparable dimensions health Index and Life
Expectancy at birth; GNI per capital and Labor force
Participation Ratio are also expected a positive
correlation.

23. ?Question and Answering Season.
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