Human and Nature. What did Philosophers and scientists think about nature and environment? What did you think? Nature is ours, or we belong to nature?

1. ‫طبيعت‬ ‫و‬ ‫انسان‬
‫ا‬.‫ي‬‫ر‬‫منصو‬-1390

2. •‫د؟‬‫ر‬‫دا‬‫ما‬‫با‬ ‫نسبتي‬‫چه‬ ‫و‬ ‫چيست‬ ‫طبيعت‬
،‫مأمن‬ ‫و‬‫خانه‬ ،‫منبع‬،‫مادر‬ ،‫منشأ‬...‫؟‬
•‫آن؟‬‫مالك‬‫و‬ ‫صاحب‬‫يا‬ ‫است؟‬ ‫طبيعت‬ ‫از‬‫ي‬ ‫بخش‬ ‫انسان‬‫آيا‬
•،‫مصرف‬،‫ي‬‫ژ‬‫تكنولو‬ ،‫علم‬‫است؟‬‫خطر‬ ‫در‬ ‫طبيعت‬‫آيا‬...
•‫طبيعت‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫با‬ ‫در‬‫اديان‬‫هاي‬‫ه‬‫ز‬‫آمو‬!
•‫داشت؟‬‫خواهند‬ ‫طبيعت‬‫از‬‫ي‬‫تصوير‬ ‫چه‬‫ما‬‫ندان‬‫ز‬‫فر‬
•‫بكنيم؟‬‫توانيم‬‫مي‬ ‫چه‬ ‫طبيعت‬‫از‬ ‫حفاظت‬‫اي‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫ما‬
•‘‫گرايي‬‫بوم‬‫يست‬‫ز‬’‫برابر‬ ‫در‬‘‫گرايي‬‫يست‬‫ز‬‫محيط‬’!

3. •‘‫گرايي‬‫بوم‬‫يست‬‫ز‬’(ecologism)
‫برابر‬‫در‬
‘‫گرايي‬‫محيط‬‫يست‬‫ز‬’(environmentalism)

4. ‫ي‬ ‫شناس‬ ‫اصطالح‬
kouh46@yahoo.com 4

5. ‫ي‬‫ژ‬‫اكولو‬
• Ernest Haeckel (1866): Study of
relationships that develop among living
organisms and between these organisms
and environment.

6. ‫اكوسيستم‬
• A dynamic complex of plant, animal,
fungal, and microorganisms communities
and their associated non-living
environment interacting as ecological
unit.

7. ‫يست‬‫ز‬ ‫محيط‬
• A combination of the various physical
and biological elements that affect the life
of an organism.

8. ‫يسم‬‫ر‬‫اكوتو‬
• Responsible travel to natural areas that
conserve the environment and sustains
the well-being of local people

9. ‫سبز‬ ‫سفر‬(green travel)
•‫بريتانيايي‬ ‫معادل‬(UK)‫آمريكايي‬ ‫يسم‬‫ر‬‫اكوتو‬ ‫اي‬‫ر‬‫ب‬

10. ‘‫گرايي‬‫بوم‬‫يست‬‫ز‬’(ecologism)
‘‫گرايي‬‫محيط‬‫يست‬‫ز‬’
(environmentalism)
‫به‬‫ي‬‫ژ‬‫ايدئولو‬‫يك‬ ‫مثابة‬:
-‫جامعه‬ ‫كليت‬ ‫از‬ ‫تحليل‬
-‫اه‬‫ر‬ ‫نقشة‬(‫عمل‬ ‫و‬‫فتار‬‫ر‬ ‫اي‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫هنمود‬‫ر‬)
‫نيست‬ ‫ي‬‫ژ‬‫ايدئولو‬
‫سوسياليستي‬ ‫نگرش‬ ‫نوعي‬ ‫با‬ ‫غلبه‬
‫مختلف‬ ‫هاي‬‫نگرش‬
‫جامعة‬ ‫با‬ ‫مخالف‬‫و‬ ‫گر‬‫تخريب‬ ،‫صنعتي‬
‫ر‬‫باو‬‫ماده‬

11. ‫ن‬‫و‬‫سيسر‬
• "Natural ability without education has
more often raised a man to glory and
virtue than education without natural
ability."

12. ‫بيكن‬ ‫فرانسيس‬
• We cannot command Nature except by
obeying her.

13. ‫گوگ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ونسان‬
• "It is not the language of painters but the
language of nature which one should
listen to the feeling for the things
themselves, for reality, is more important
than the feeling for pictures."

14. ‫گوته‬
• "Beauty is a manifestation of secret natural
laws, which otherwise would have been
hidden from us forever.”
• "Beauty is a primeval phenomenon, which
itself never makes its appearance, but the
reflection of which is visible in a thousand
different utterances of the creative mind,
and is as various as nature herself."

15. ‫فرانس‬ ‫ل‬‫آناتو‬
"It is human nature to think wisely and act
foolishly."

16. ‫اينشتين‬ ‫آلبرت‬
•‫بفهم‬ ‫بهتر‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫چيز‬ ‫هر‬‫آنگاه‬،‫كن‬ ‫نظر‬‫طبيعت‬‫در‬
ً
‫عميقا‬.
* * * *
•‫است‬‫طبيعت‬‫هدية‬‫يباترين‬‫ز‬ ‫تأمل‬ ‫و‬ ‫تماشا‬‫از‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ناش‬ ‫لذت‬.

17. ‫گاندي‬
• There is a sufficiency in the world for
man's need but not for man's greed.

18. ‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫هنر‬.‫و‬‫تر‬
• Thank God men cannot fly, and lay waste
the sky as well as the earth.

19. ‫ميالن‬‫مك‬ ‫تام‬
• For 200 years we've been conquering
Nature. Now we're beating it to death.

20. ‫ت‬‫و‬‫ير‬‫ر‬‫اس‬‫ر‬
• The activist is not the man who says the
river is dirty. The activist is the man who
cleans up the river.

21. ‫آدامز‬ ‫انسل‬
• It is horrifying that we have to fight our
own government to save the
environment.

22. Motto of the Baltimore
Grotto, a caving society
•Take nothing but pictures.
Leave nothing but footprints.
Kill nothing but time.

23. ‫فاينمن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫يچا‬‫ر‬
• For a successful technology, reality must
take precedence over public relations, for
Nature cannot be fooled.

24. •‫نيست‬ ‫گذشتگان‬‫ميراث‬ ‫طبيعت‬!‫آيندگان؟‬ ‫امانت‬

25. ‫كرد؟‬ ‫توانيم‬‫مي‬ ‫چه‬ ‫ما‬
•‫ش‬‫ز‬‫آمو‬:‫فتار‬‫ر‬‫تغيير‬
•‫نگرش‬‫تغيير‬
•‫دانش‬‫انتقال‬
•‫ت‬‫ر‬‫مها‬‫ش‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫پر‬

26. ‫ش‬‫ز‬‫آمو‬
•‫ياددادن‬/‫ي‬‫يادگير‬
•‫يم؟‬‫ر‬‫دا‬ ‫دهنده‬ ‫ياد‬ ‫شخصيت‬‫آيا‬
–‫يادگيرند‬ ،‫خود‬
–‫ي‬‫يادگير‬ ‫ه‬‫ژ‬‫و‬‫پر‬ ‫مدير‬
–‫گفتار‬ ‫به‬ ‫عامل‬
–‫مطالعه‬ ‫در‬‫استمرار‬
–‫ي‬‫قو‬ ‫تباطي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫همدلي‬‫هاي‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫مها‬

27. ‫منابع‬ ‫برخي‬
• Sinha, P. C., Global tourism, sustaiable
tourism&ecotourism, 2006.
•‫تر‬ ،‫سبزها‬ ‫ي‬ ‫سياس‬ ‫انديشة‬‫و‬ ‫فلسفه‬،‫و‬‫اندر‬ ،‫ن‬‫دابسو‬:.‫ثالثي‬ ‫محسن‬،‫آگه‬ ،
1377.