Introduction to most common failures in maintaining ethical considerations.

1. Common Ethical Omissions in
Medical Practice
Aqib Umair - MID

2. Common Ethical Omissions in
Medical Practice
 It means the important ethical rules and principles
which are commonly ignored by doctors and medical
field persons.
1.Informed consent
2.Confidentiality

3. INFORMED CONSENT
 Consent is an agreement of patient to an
examination, procedure, way of treatment or
intervention by his own will. It correlates to the
principle of autonomy.
 Methods: This consent or agreement can be given
orally, by signing a form, written statement or by
simply agreeing by gesture.
 Informed consent also protect doctor in unpleasure
situation ,doctor could said that I give right to patient
to take decision on his own with telling all positive
and negative aspects according to rule of autonomy.

4. Informed Consent

5. Imp points during consent or
agreement
1.Patient should have in position to make decision
and should be fully in sense.
2.Health Practitioner should provide all the possible
ways to patient.
3.Patient should be taken the decision without any
enforcement.
4.Health Practitioner should tell all positive and
negative aspects of that way to patient.

6. Examples of informed consent
 A skin injured person wants recovery by simple
cure or by plastic surgery. Now doctor should told
the +ve and –ve aspects of both treatments and act
upon that way which is finally chosen by patient on
his own will.
 A patient with vertebral pain wants surgical cure of
his problem. Now doctor should told +ve and –ve
aspects of vertebral surgery and give him right to
take final decision. Finally doctor should take
decision by the final agreement of his patient.

7. Why the informed consent is
wrongly ignored
1.Health professionals think that he has more
knowledge than patient and he knows which is best
for patient.
2.Some health professionals think that their time
would waste in getting approval of patient for that
treatment.
3.Health professionals could have fear that if I try to
get approval of patient then patient can refuse.

8. Exceptions of
informed Consent
 The situations in which the rule of informed consent
can be ignored.
1.Patient is brought in emergency situation like road
accident, fire accident etc.
2.The patient is unconscious or not in senses.
3.A child patient under 16-years ,while patient give right
to doctor.

9. Confidentiality
 Confidentiality is mainly applied on the
conversation between health professional and
patient to keep the private information of patient in
secrete.
 Health professionals are expected to keep secrete
the private information of patient even after his
death.
 Confidentiality have importance that it gives
confidence to patient to speak freely about his
health.

10. Confidentiality

11. Examples of confidentiality
 A person with acute chronic coughing comes to doctor. When
doctor ask him the reason of chronic coughing ,patient tells
that he was a regular smoker 2 years ago so now this problem
caused. Now patient don’t want that this reason to came in
notice of her relatives. So doctor should keep it secrete.
 A patient of brain tumor is on his death bed with last stage. He
called doctor and told him about his second marriage. He
gives some property papers and big money to doctor to deliver
it to his wife. Now patient don’t want that the issue of his
second marriage came in notice of his relatives. So doctor
should follow rule of confidentiality and deliver the money and
papers without telling the relatives of patient.

12. Exceptions of
Confidentiality
 Here are some conditions in which the rule of
confidentiality can be ignored, but very carefully.

13. 1) When a patient authorize the doctor to do so in
situation such as seeking employer or wants a
second opinion of another doctor etc.
2) When the information is to be shared within the
health care team of that patient.
3) When the disclosure is best for patient such as to
told driving license authorities that patient is unfit for
driving due to these private reasons. In these
conditions first ask the patient to told that problems
by himself then doctor decision come.
4) In case of public health matter and control of
disease such as small pox or plague.
5) For research purposes but as anonymous data, if
not possible as anonymous data then ask patient to
give his relevance.

14.  Thank You for Listening