Living accommodations of migrated urban poor of sylhet city

A Report On Living
Accommodations Of Migrated
Urban Poor Of Sylhet City,
SYLHET, BANGLADESH.
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
SHAHJALAL SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY UNIVERCITY, SYLHET,
BABGLADESH.
4TH YEAR 2ND SEMESTER
GROUP 1
INZAMAM UL HAQUE CHOWDHURY
APURBA RATAN ROY
MADHURI DEBY RUPA
2011335003, 2011335013, 2011335024

1. General Information:
Age of settlement: About 45 years.
Size of settlement: Approximately 3lak square feet.
Ownership status: Private, Government ledge.
Legal status: Mostly rentable.
2. Boundaries of study area analysis:

Zone 1:
 This zone is situated at the south side of the river “Surma’’
 Historical landmark ‘kean bridge’ is at the left side of the zone.
 Dhaka-Sylhet highway is situated at the south side of the zone.
 Bhartokhola commercial area is in the right side of the zone.
Zone 2:
 In both left and right side of the zone , there is Bhartokhola commercial area.
 Dhaka-Sylhet highway is situated at the north side of the zone.
 Sylhet railway station is far away from tne zone in south.

3. Demographic & Socio economic Information:
Wages:
Male: 5 - 12000
Female: 1 - 2000
Multi: 5 - 15000
Working Hours: 12 - 16 hours (Without any holiday)
Literates:
Primary school: 70 %
High school: Below 10 %
Higher: 0%
Migrants: 100 %
There are two types of migrants.
Permanent: 80 - 85 %
Temporary: 15 - 20 %
Education Ratio
High-School Primary School Higher None
Migration Ratio
Permanent Temporary

Health: Osmani medical college hospital ( 4.2 kilometers from varthkhola )
Education: There are 4 types of educational institutions
3 Primary school (Govt. Nosibakhatun primary school 0.85 km )
1 High school
1 Madrasha (Jomjom madrasha : on the site )
1 Vocational school (Sylhet Technical school and college : 2.6 km )
Religious: There are 3 mosques in this site
4. Natural Resource profile:
Topography:
Topographical history of Sylhet:
Previously, A land of hillock with low plane land covered with water.
Later Filled with silts and became flatland.
Turned into province.
At present- Haors.
Higher in the east and lower in the west.
Fertile land.
Landforms: The Sylhet region may be divided four distinct landforms. These are
1. Eroded hills; 2. Alluvial fan; 3. Alluvial plain; 4. Basin plain.
The site is situated in Alluvial plain.
Alluvial Plain: the alluvial plain, primarily formed by the river Surma and the
Kushiyara, merges with Meghna to the south. Elevation varies from 3m to 10m
above mean sea level.

Soil Characteristics and Geology:
The region occupies the lower western side of Surma-Kusiyara Floodplain. The area is
mainly smooth broad basins with narrow ridges of higher land along the rivers.
Soils of the area are grey clays in the wet basins and silty clay loams and clay
loam on the higher parts which dry out seasonally. Noncalcareous Grey Floodplain
soils and Acid Basin Clays are the major components of the general soil types. The
soils have moderate content of organic matter and soil reaction is mainly acidic. Fertility
level is medium to high.
Vegetation and Fauna:
Vegetation: By the side of the river there is enough and rational green area. But some
common plantation are seen on maximum are. Such as Mango, Coconut, Rain tree,
Herbs, Bamboo tree.

Fauna: Crock, Fish, Pig, Dog, Hen, Cat, Lizard are seen in these area.
Water bodies: Though our site is situated by the side of the river .so obviously river is
one of the biggest and major water body of the site. Besides there is a pond in this site.
Hydrological: Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and
quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water
resources and environmental watershed sustainability.

Canal Networks and Drainage:
 Maximum uncovered drain
 Few covered drain
 Drains are totally unhygienic ,lack proper maintenance
Uncovered drainUncovered drain
Covered drain
Minucipalities network
Drainage system network in the site

5. Man-made resource profile:
Settlement analysis:
Shaiq mia colony
Total family: 56
- linear plan
-room size:
max: 12’x14’
min: 8’x8’
-linear & narrow circulation.
- Minimum pathway is 3’6”
-one side has no courtyard & other has a courtyard
-courtyard use as a household work & business perpase.
- Use of poor house material.
As Plinth: mud
wall: tin
roof: tin
-no opining without door.
-no air circulation for no window.
-poor light ventilation
-bed waste disposal system, dump area.
-Water logging after rain.
- Toilet: family
4 : 56
-one part Individual kitchen other part 2 kitchen for 30 family

CHAIRMAN COLONY
Total family: 29
- linear plan & linear circulation
-bed circulation
maximum path way is 4’6”
minimum circulation is 2’
-room size:
max: 12’x12’
min: 9’x9’
- use of poor house material.
As Plinth: mud
wall: brick
roof: tin
-Poor light ventilation
-bed waste disposal system.
- No Water logging after rain.
- Toilet: family
2 : 29
maximum individual kitchen for each family.
-A educational building JOMJOM inside the colony

ASHEK MIA COLONY
Total family: 19
- linear plan
-room size:
max: 12’x14’
min: 8’x10
-open circulation and open space
-courtyard use as a household work & business perpose.
As Plinth: mud
wall: tin
roof: tin
-bed waste disposal system, dump area.
- Toilet: family
1 : 19
Individual kitchen linked with room.

MASTER COLONY
Total family: 22
- linear plan & large circulation
-large open space
-ALL are same room size 9’x8’.
- Use of comfort house material.
As Plinth: plaster
wall: brick (plaster)
roof: tin
-good waste disposal system.
- Water logging after rain sometimes.
- Toilet: family
2: 22
-individual kitchen linked with veranda.

MASUM MIA COLONY.
Total family: 42
-open circulation & linked with a linier courtyard.
Maximum path way is 12’0”
-room size:
max : 10’x12’
min: 9’x9’
- use of house material.
As Plinth: mud
wall: brick
roof: tin
-less opining without door.
-better waste disposal system.
-no Water logging after rain.
- Toilet: family
3 : 42
individual kitchen for each family.
One tube well for all family.

ALI AKHBAR RICE MILL COLONY
total family: 21
-entry path way is 8’
-secondary path way is 3’
-room size:
max: 12’x14’
min: 10’x10
-NO OPEN SPACE.
As Plinth: plaster
wall: brick
roof: tin
- Water logging after rain.
- Toilet: family
4 : 21
2 kitchen for 21 family.

REFUGEE COLONY
Total family: 19
- linear house plan
-damp circulation & linked with a open space.
Maximum path way is 6’0”
-room size:
max: 10’x11’
min: 8’x9’
- use of house material.
As Plinth: mud (mix), plaster(min)
wall : tin (max), brick(min)
roof: tin (all)
-less opining without door.
-poor waste disposal system.
- Toilet: family
1 : 27
1 kitchen (4 ovens) for 12 families (max)
individual kitchen for 4 family (min)

ISHKENDAR MIA COLONY.
Total family: 30
-bed circulation
maximum path way is 6’0”
minimum circulation is 4’
-room size:
max: 12’x12’
min: 9’x9’
As Plinth: mud
wall: brick
roof: tin
- Toilet: family
2 : 30
2 kitchen for 20 families.

Masum mia colony
Total family: 12
-damp open space
-room size:
max: 12’x12’
min: 9’x9’
As Plinth: mud
wall: tin
roof: tin
- Toilet: family
2 : 10
individual kitchen.

chairman colony
Total family: 6
-damp open space
-room size:
max: 12’x12’
min: 9’x10’
- material:
As Plinth: mud
wall: tin
roof: tin
- poor condition of Toilet, 1 for 6 family
-individual kitchen.

masum mia colony
Total family: 6
-damp open space
-room size:
max: 12’x12’
min: 9’x10’
- material:
As Plinth: plaster
wall: brick
roof: tin
-Toilet, 2 for 6 family

Shikender ali colony
Total family: 18
-better open space
-room size:
max: 12’x12’
min: 10’x10’
- material:
As Plinth: plaster one side. Other side mud
wall: brick one side, other side tin
roof: tin
-maximum house has no opining without door.
-Toilet, 3 for 30 family

Building types:
Depending on the different arrangement of room, kitchen and veranda, roof -------------
six building types can be identified.
1. Without veranda, double roofed house
2. Without veranda, Kitchen at the edge, double roofed house
3. With veranda, Kitchen at the edge, double roofed house

4. Without veranda, Kitchen at the middle, single roofed house
5. With veranda, without Kitchen, double roofed house
6. With veranda at the edge, without Kitchen, single roofed house

Material Culture:
In survey area, uses of different materials have been seen. These material are used
basically for their lower cost. For this reason, these are not enough durable.
As wall: Metal shield, Brick
As plinth: Mud, plaster
As roof: Metal shield, plaster
6. Health and environment:
Air Quality:
 As the site is situated in one of the most important commercial zone of Sylhet,
the air of this area is being polluted by different pollutants from the industry,
factory, rice mill etc.
 Open drainage system causes air pollution.
 As it is situated by the side of the river, so the pollutants of the river pollute air.

 Poor waste management system is also responsible for air pollution.
Ventilation:
 Lack of adequate number of opening
 Congested settlement
 Rooms share same wall.
Water Quality:
 As the number of tube well is limited, scarcity of pure drinking water is high.
 As the whole drainage and waste disposal system directly open to the river, the
river is being polluted.
 People are seen dropping wastage to the river.
 The polluted river water are being used for drinking and other purposes too.
 No water supply by government.
 Iron is found in the tube well water.

Noise:
 As the zone is near to the very busy node (Kean bridge entry) of sylhet, the
sound is being polluted.
 As the site is being situated in one of the most important commercial zone of
Sylhet, the sound of this area is being polluted by different sound from the
industry, factory, rice mill etc.
 Highly dense and congested settlement.
Lighting:
 Lack of adequate number of opening
 Congested settlement
 Rooms share same wall.

Ground surface Quality:
 For poor drainage system, water logging is very common in this area.
 For this reason ground surface always remain damp.
 Inorganic wastage thrown by slum dwellers hampers soil fertility.
 Different pollutants are dropped in the side of the river.
Room person ratio:
Person: Room= 6:1 (Average)
Person: Room= 1:1 (Minimum)
Person: Room= 11:1 (Maximum)

Pollution Status:
1. Water pollution
2. Air pollution
3. Soil pollution
4. Sound pollution
7. Physical Infrastructure:
Solid waste management:
No solid waste management in the site.
Sanitation:
 Common toilet shared in huge people
 Lack of privacy
 Far away from house
 Low maintenance
 No water supply
 Poor material condition

Water supply and drainage infrastructure:
 No water supply by government.
 Iron is found in the tube well water.
 Maximum uncovered drain
 Few covered drain
 Drains are totally unhygienic ,lack proper maintenance
 Less number of ground water source

Fuel:
 Lacking of enough fuel supply from government.
 Share limited fuel in families.

Electricity:
 Adequate supply from the government.
 Poor cannot afford electricity cost.
Transportation: NO vehicular access.
8. Social Infrastructure:
Access to health:
 Hospital, Clinic in distant place
 Osmani medical college hospital ( 4.2 kilometers from varthkhola )
 Life risk at serious health issues
 High treatment cost
Access to Education:
 There are 4 types of educational institutions
 3 Primary school (Govt. Nosibakhatun primary school 0.85 km )
 1 High school
 1 Madrasha (Jomjom madrasha : on the site )
 1 Vocational school (Sylhet Technical school and college : 2.6 km )
Community facilities: No community facilities.
9. Disaster mitigation:
Storm, rain, flood occur.
10. Sustainable practice: No

11. Future projection/ Development trend: Yes
Many NGOs and social organization like ASHA,BRAC are already working there.

PROBLEM-IMPACT- PROPOSAL- ACTION- MATRIX: SCHHEMATIC PROPOSALS (PLANNING)
Topic Problem Impact Need Re-
commendati
on
Proposal
WHAT
Benefits
WHY
Action
HOW
Responsibility
WHO
House Riverside
settlement
Causes river
pollution
Suitable
position
Ensuring
Suitable
position
New appropriate
zone
Healthy
environment
Re locate the
settlement in
suitable zone
Government
Congested
Rooms
Unhealthy
living
Rational
room size
Ensuring
Rational
room size
Planning of
Rational room
size
Healthy
Living
Planning with
consideration
of average
family member
numbers and
type of
families.
Owner
Narrow
circulation
Uncomfortab
le movement
Adequate
circulation
space
Ensuring
adequate
circulation
space
Planning of
adequate
circulation
space
Comfortable
movement
Planning with
consideration
of basic
ergonomics
Owner
Lack of
enough
opening
Damp and
unhealthy
living
Proper
Ventilation
Adequate
number of
opening
Facilitate with
enough openings
Healthy
environment
Designing
house module
with enough
number of
opening
Owner
Lack of
space
(sometimes
no space)
for
household
activities and
gathering
Difficulties
for regular
household
activities and
barrier to
social
communicati
on
Courtyard open space
/recreational
/gathering
space
Planning of
courtyard
Space for
regular
household
activities and
beneficial to
social
communication
Considering
the number of
houses of any
cluster
Owner
Lack of
Vegetation
and
husbandry
space
Lack of
additional
work
opportunities
Vegetation
and
husbandry
space
Defined
space for
vegetation
and
husbandry
work
Planning of
space for
vegetation and
husbandry
Create
additional work
opportunities
Designing
space for
vegetation and
husbandry
work
Owner

Topic Problem Impact Need Recommen-
dation
Proposal
WHAT
Benefits
WHY
Action
HOW
Responsibility
WHO
Lack of
drinking
water
Health
hazard
Alternative
water
resource
Water
storage
Rain water
harvesting
Water can be
purified and
used for daily
need.
To design roof
with rain water
harvest
facilities.
Owner
Kitchen Lack of
adequate
space for
cooking
Unhealthy
food
Cooking
space
Kitchen Kitchen (can be
shared with other
)
Healthy food Designing
space for
kitchen
considering
family numbers
Owner
Toilet &
Bath
space
Toilet & Bath
space -lack
of Privacy
and
maintenance
, Long
distance
from house,
No water
supply
Health
hazard
Privacy,
Preferable
distance
from house,
Easy
maintenanc
e,
Proper
water
supply
Toilet &
Bath space
with privacy,
proper
maintenanc
e, water
suply
Designing toilet
& Bath space
with privacy,
proper
maintenance,
water suply
Healthy
environment
Designing toilet
& Bath space
with privacy,
proper
maintenance,
water supply
considering
total family
numbers
Owner
Infra-
Structure
Lack of
Utility
facilities
(water, gas,
electricity)
Poor and
uncomfortabl
e living
Proper
Utility
facilities
(water, gas,
electricity)
Providing
Proper
Utility
facilities
(water, gas,
electricity)
Un-interrupted
supply of Utility
facilities (water,
gas, electricity)
Developed and
Comfortable
living
Designing
overall infra-
structure
system
Government
Narrow road
connection
Traffic
problem and
crowd
Wide road Widening
road
Planning of wide
road
Comfortable
vehicular
movement
Designing the
roads on basis
of total people
of the area
Government
No
Pedestrian
connection
Risky human
movement
Pedestrian
connection
Providing
Pedestrian
connection
Designing
Pedestrian
connection
Safe human
movement
Designing
Pedestrian
Connection
considering
human crowd
Government
Bad
drainage
system
Environment
pollution
Proper
drainage
system
Developing
Proper
drainage
system
Designing
drainage system
Preserve
Environment
Designing
drainage
system
Government

Topic Problem Impact Need Recommen-
dation
Proposal
WHAT
Benefits
WHY
Action
HOW
Responsibility
WHO
Lack of
Parking
space
Barrier to
road
movement
Parking
space
Parking
zone
Designing space
for parking
Free human
and vehicular
movement
Reserve space
for designing
parking zone
Government
Public
facilities
No public
health
facilities
Life risk at
serious
health
issues
Free public
health
facilities
Hospital,
Clinic etc.
Designing
structure for
providing free
public health
facilities
Health support Designing
Hospital, clinic
etc and recruit
social health
organization
Government
No
education for
the children
working
outside at
daytime
Low literacy
rate
Night time
education
Night school Designing space
for night school
Improving
literacy rate
Designing
space for night
school and
recruit
organization
working for
social welfare
Government
Un efficiency
for work
Low income Training
center
Vocational
training
center
Designing space
for training
center
Developing
work efficiency
Designing
space for
training center
and recruit
organization
working for
social welfare
Government
Lack space
for multi-
purpose
works
Occupying
house court
Multi
purpose
space
Defined
multi
purpose
space
Designing space
for multi-purpose
works
Different multi-
purpose works
can be done
Designing
multi
purpose space
for running
different multi-
purpose works
Government
Lack of
space for
play ground
Lack of
opportunities
for mental
and physical
development
Playground Defined
space for
playground
Designing space
for
playground
Mental and
physical
development
Select specific
for playground
Government

12. Schematic Solution: Probable Solution:
• Relocation of riverside settlement
• Vertical layer development

13. Case study:
CASE STUDY-1 (INTERNATIONAL)
SHEIKH SARAI HOUSING COMPLEX
BY RAJ REWAL
NEW DELHI, 1970

Sheikh Sarai Complex is the first experiment performed by Raj Rewal on the issue of
social housing applied to a site of such a large scale. It fits in a context marked by the
absence of symbolic elements characterizing the site, since the peripheral to the centre
of New Delhi. Rewal works in the expansion south of the city, building a complex that
consists of 550 apartments and will find its fulfilment only in 1982.
Sponsored by the DDA (Delhi Development Authority) the Sheikh Sarai is structured
according to current regulations that aim to self-housing residential as well as to
compliance with technical standards set.

DESIGN INPIRATION: From the design point of view, the organization of the building
blocks of the composition, find connections with the historical realities of the cities of
Rajasthan, Jaisalmer and Udaipur, that characterized the urban fabric of India and
which are distinguished by the density of the town and for the close relationship
between open and closed spaces.

VARIOUS ASPECTS OF DESIGN:
URBAN FABRIC: Cool shadows and air currents are built into the grain of the city of
Jaisalmer and are excellent demonstration of the achievement of low rise, high density
development.
The sense of enclosure and continuity of movement is maintained throughout the cities.
In Sheikh sarai housing project , the peripheral roads are connected to parking squares.
The central spine of the layout is reserved for narrow ,shaded, pedestrian pathways .
The layout plans follow traditional methods of creating shade and cross ventilation.
STREETS: The narrow shaded streets of Jaisalmer generate movement patterns full of
fun, pleasure and surprise.
The plans Sheikh sarai is based on similar narrow shaded streets linking a variety of
clusters.
The streets are broken up into small units, so there are pauses , points of rest and
changing vistas.

CLUSTERS: Raj Rewal designed his housing schemes at Sheikh Sarai as a series of
district clusters which are inter related.
The buildings are unified by means of similar façade treatment, using sandstone grit
render, the piercing of parapets, proportions of doors, deep set windows, and stone
flanking walls for the courtyard.
ROOF TERRACES: Private roof terraces and courtyards are an integral design
component of the housing for the Sheikh Sarai complex.
TARGET AUDIENCE -Affordable Housing built for medium and low income Groups
(M.I.G=annual income ~ 4000$-16000 $)
COMMUNITY SPACES – Fostering shared spaces for the community by creating
intimate courtyards connected to each other, representing the traditional elements of
Indian Architecture. The scale of these courtyards has been Manipulated
towards increased social activities and interaction amongst the resident community,
serving as social facilitators.
AFFORDABILITY -A new financial scheme was developed for this particular case
which helped subsidize the housing units for the users . In the Self-Financing-scheme,
the alottees had to pay in 5 instalments over the period of the construction phase. This
allowed the housing authority to create mix of units and make the project more
economically viable. -The use of locally available material was intrinsic to the nature of
project and to further bring down the cost of the project. The structure comprised of
concrete posts and beams with infill brick walls covered with rough cast plaster. This
gave the user the flexibility to modify as well.

COMPOSITION ACCOMMODATIONS: There are 6 different types of unit, regrouped
mirroring blocks along 2assi prevalent, ranging in area 70-120sqm, were organized into
two distinct clusters, three and four storeys in height.
• The main type (B2) comprises 4 floors and consists of the following
environments:
• - Living area, overlooking 2 fronts
• - Service areas and kitchen
• - Sleeping area
• - Terraces.
• Each floor has one apartment, except for the top two floors of the relevance of a
just accommodation.
• The accesses to spaces occur within the spaces cortilizi through a lifts.
TECHNOLOGY: load-bearing structure of beams and columns of reinforced concrete
with brick collision.

MATERIALS USED: - surface coating in plaster with powdered slate, finishing in the
rough, white colour.
• - Wood frames with white colour
• - External paving blocks of local stone

CASE STUDY-2 (LOCAL)
Housing by People at Mandartala, Gopalganj Municipality

Living accommodations of migrated urban poor of sylhet city

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