Breaking the concrete mindsets
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Emerging New Material for Building Construction which would address the issues of global climate change, Sustanability and development. Wood is an only alternate to such parameters.
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Breaking the concrete mindsets
- 38. CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER The Future
- 40. London architects Waugh Thistleton have designed a timber residential tower they say will be the tallest wooden housing block in the world. The nine-storey building, proposed for Murray Grove in Hackney, London, will be built of cross-laminated timber panels or "jumbo plywood" - a material that the architects' claim will save 125 tonnes of carbon emissions compared to a concrete structure of similar size.
Editor's Notes
- Ladies and gentlemen, Friends Faculties and all the intellectuals present here. I am indeed honouered and priviledged to have been given this opportunity to present the knowledge I gained from my alma mater. As a part of the faculty development program focusing on Research in Architecture, I have been called upon to present my experiences and expertise I have gained on working on Sustainabilty and New Construction Material. My Topic for Today as Discribed is Breaking the concrete mindsets.
- The Biggest Challenge Faced by Human Mankind today is Degradation of the Enviornment in the race of Development. This Is Understood in the context of CLIMATE CHANGE.
- Climate change refers to:- Significant, long-term changes in the global Enviornment happening due to the activities performed on the planet by Humans The global Enviornment is the connected system of sun, earth and oceans, wind, rain and snow, forests, deserts and savannas, and everything Humans do, too. We take carbon from earth use it in the form of energy convert it to CO2 release it in the enviornment. CO2 Gets there in the enviornment and creates a Green house effect Which Creates Global Warming. We all know this …. Still we are unaware of its outcome.
- Global Warming isnt a prediction its Happening. All these effects of enviornment are clearly visible and experienced all across the globe.
- What has suddenly happened that the whole world and politics started focussing on ……. CLIMATE CHANGE. Around year 2000 it was seriously realised that Climate Change has to be seriously dealt globally as it is emerging as the most important threat to the existence of man kind. Climate has never seen this kind of change in last 1000 years which it has observed in the last century.If you see here the CO2 Variation sparked off after Industrial revolution. And since then it has not stopped.
- The Scientistis working on issues of climate change has pointed out that the temp of the earth rose by 1degress in the process that happened in 10000 years of human civilisation But in the last century itself it rose about 0.8 degree centigrade measuered today as an outcome of the things we did 100 year ago . And what we are doing today will impact climate in the next coming 50 - 100 years. What does this mean and what is going to happen if this global warming continue when is that alarming situation reach where the clamaties and destruction of the planet and mankind would start happening.
- David Roberts a specialist on this subject quoted that the global warming threshold to danger would spark off at 2 degree centigrade.
- With all the advancement in technology and advent of development in the last 2-3 decades. It is obsered that this 2 degree change may happen way to early then predicted. If this 2 degree rise is dangerously high and we are going to experience the dangerous impact of global warming. Then it’s a serious call to take initiatives to control this climate change process.
- But the BAD NEWS IS!!!!! James Hansen a leading scientist on climate change known for his warnings on climate change and other scientist also points out That even if we stop everything today thats impacting the climate change the momentum of impact of what we have done in last fifty years will impact the climate Change and increase global warming upto 3-4 degree centigrade by the end of this century. And climate change process will become irreversable. These effects could severely impact the Earth’s ability to support life.
- What will this mean in terms of impact on earth Highest temperatures on earth Sea level rise 3- 6 feet . Drought over 40% of inhibited land Hundreds and millions of refugee Half of known species extinct.
- The Scientists points out that if hard actions and steps if not taken in the next 5-10 year then this may lead serious impacts our our planet aand future generations. Every Year delay in this action would impact a economic burden of around 500 Billion $ and eventually if ignoered then eventually it will be beyond human capability to stop the impact of Global warming and climate change.
- After Understanding the Impacts of what happens with Global Warming or Climate Change Its Imperative that we as Architects and Professionals have the ownership and responsibility to initate the call to fight against GLOBAL WARMING and CLIMATE CHANGE.
- But that’s not all The Bigger Challenge faced today is to handle a 2 fold Problem Climate change and growing World Housing Need Here the too biggest challenges come on head on collision. The shift of rural population to urban spaces will create an estimated demand of 3 billion housing in next 15-20 years. That means 40% of the Worlds population would need a house. If we solve one problem of housing need we increase the another problem of Climate Change.
- If we see the statistics of sector wise carbon emissions we observe that almost 45-50% of carbon emissions comes alone from building industry. Compared to 25-28% from transportation and only 20-25% from industries and other sectors.
- So When we Consider about development We consider Use of Land, construction of buildings use of natural raw material. Using Energy etc etc….. All This contributes to Carbon Footprint and disturbing our own environment as we achieve the so called development. And how do we do a sustainable development. "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. I am sure all of you intellectuals sitting out here have a lot of solutions to deliberate and comprehend the word SUSTAINABILITY in your own perspectives.
- A balance drawn between development and environment defines Sustainable. To make the a balance development and leaving a sustained good environment for our future generation we need to think of a solution to make this development. So the challenge is to make buildings free of carbon footprint.
- So the challenge is to make buildings which are free of carbon footprint or may have a positive. To understand this lets evaluate the Available options we have to construct. The most important characteristic required in construction material Is that it should Have the least or no carbon or desirably a Positive Carbon Footprint. For this the material need to possess the following Quality It should be renewable It Should be recyclable. It should be easily available. It should be Durable It should have the Life Cycle assessment and with least Carbon footprint.
- CONCRETE and Steel is the most widely form of construction material
- Concrete is the largest material by volume man makes. Concrete Alone contributes to 5-8% of Carbon Emission in building construction. A n Example From 2011 through 2013, China used more than 7.2 billion tons of cement to make concrete— more than the U.S. used in the entire 20th century. Between 2006 and 2050, global production of cement is expected to increase to between 4.1 billion tons and about 4.9 billion tons a year. As concrete’s is not going away, reducing the carbon intensity of its production is becoming a global imperative.
- On the other side Steel is still a better material in the point of view of carbon foot print. But its more demanding in the energy point of view. Then what is the way to address SUSTAINABILITY.
- Andrew Waugh One of the First Architects who experimented Wood as a primary construction Material and Made a 10 Storey Tower in London. Wood is an incredidble material and emerging solution to address the challenge of Climate Change and World Housing. Wood As a material squesters co2 of the atmosphere and retains it in its molecular form till the end of its life cycle. If wood is converted into buildings and furnture and other items this co2 is entraped in the wood structure till the end of life of the wood till it degenrates or is burned to emit the co2.
- It’s the Only Material that absorbs CO2 from the Atmosphere and releases oxygen . I M CU of wood squesters or absorb 1 ton of CO2.
- If we consider Life cycle Assesment of all three materials to further Reinforce decision of material for future. Lets Look at the Life Cycly Analysis of all three. Its is a performance-based approach to assessing the impacts building choices have on the environment. LCA can be used to analyze impacts at every stage of its life. Cradle to Grave assessment That means From Raw Material to Manufatcuring to Use in Building for its lifecycle and then its end of life.
- If we see here for concrete. Concrete Life ends in a non recyclable debris.
- If we see here steel. We see that its very good in recycling but is uses extensive energy along its complete lifecycle process and hence leaves a large carbon footprint
- In comparison Wood on the other hand consumes least amount of energy and time to grow. It takes up the energy of the sun and natural environment to grow and it has commendable qualities to be regenerated ,reused ,recycled and replenished much Faster and easier then compared to Concrete and steel.
- The Conclusion can be drawn by seeing this statistics which compares various construction material in terms of there use of Energy , Climate change and air pollution. Wood here outperforms all contruction material
- So Can Wood be the material apt for future develoment. To Answer this we need to know about trees and forest. and how they can be used in context to the Enviornment and development. Clear cutting of the forest means deforestion, but in case a scientific approach to accelereate forest regeneration and sustainable model of forestery is adopted. A Sustainable solution to Devlopment and climate change can be addressed.
- In India we have a very different mindsets (Concrete Mindsets) – Rigid and Firm. We as indian citizens and very less responsive to our enviornment and its protection and further our government cannot manage our forest and natural resource so the government Applies the Law that cutting tree is a criminal offence. All our Enviornmentalists and our authorities focus on SAVING and not Using and growing.
- Across the world in developing countries they adopt a model of sustainable forest management principles and manage there forest cover by effectively using the trees and wood for Economics and social fulfillment and also addressing the enviornmental conerns . And creating the Eco Balance unlike India.
- If Responsibaly dealt with WOOD can address the biggest threat facing mankind. CLIMATE CHANGE and World Housing.
- Wood as compared to steel and concrete performs better in terms of GHG Index and total energy use.
- Being an architect I did all kind of work and also did couple of projects in wood in india. Believe me it was really tough to make people convince. But when I did them I realised people reacted differently to wood structure then to other structure. I Haven't seen people hugging steel or concrete buildings. But believe me I have seen people fascinated and overjoyed and hugging wooden buildings.
- Wood Give Mother nature Finger Prints to building which makes us connect with them with utmost passion.
- The Main The Concerns about wood is its strength
- Regarding Fire When Wood Burns it chars and stops internal combustion. This predictable nature gives Architects and engineers to design for the safety
- Cross laminated Lumber is the Next Generation Building Material. Made from Young Trees and Glued togeter it forms Solid wood which has tremendous Strength. Now Architects are doing even Multi storey buildings in wood which is already a reality.