definition, classiofication, MOA, ADRs, Uses.

2. ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
-Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension
(high blood pressure).
-hypertension-abnormally high B.P.a) Primary- exact cause unknown
b) Secondary- caused by another medical
condition.
RISK FACTORS- Stress condition,obesity,smoking,diet,Drugs-by mistake.
CONDITION- Normal= 120/80
Pre HTN= 139/90
Stage I= 140/90
HTN crisis= > 160/>100

3. CLASSIFICATION-
1) Diuretics- Thiazide , Hydrochlorthiazide, Frusemide, spironolactone
2) ACE inhibitor- Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril.
3) Angiotensin antagonist- Losarton.
4) Ca+ Channel Blockers- Verapamil, Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Diltiazam.
5) Vasodilator- Hydralazine, Sod. Nitroprusside.
6) β Adrenergic blockers- Propranolol, Metoprolol, Atenolol.
7) α-adrenergic blockers-Prazocin, Terazocin.

4. 1) MOA of Diuretics - Decreases retention of H2O and NA ions.
2) MOA of ACE Inhibitors- Inhibit Angiotensin converting enzyms
Angiotensin I CAPTOPRIL inhibit ACE decrease in B.P.
Dose-25 mg, thrice daily as tablet.
ADRs- renal damage,
-hyperkalemia,
- impairment of immune response
- loss of taste sensation
- Neutropenia (decrease WBC)
- Proteinuria ( Increase protein in Urine)
- Dry persistant cough.
ENALAPRIL- as captopril more potent. Slower but longer effect.
ADRs- 1) urticaria (allergic reaction )
2) Angioneurotic edema (swelling under skin).

5. PHARMACOKINETICS
-about 70 to 75% of an oral dose is absorbed.
- the bioavailability of captopril is approximately 65%.
-Peak blood concentrations are reached about 45 to 60 minutes after oral
administration.
-The bioavailability of captopril is not altered by age or concomitant
medications including diuretics.
THERAPEUTIC USES- Captopril is used to treat high blood pressure
(hypertension).
-Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and
kidney problems.
-It is also used to treat heart failure, protect the kidneys from harm due to
diabetes, and to improve survival after a heart attack.

6. THANK YOU