in terms of Forensic Science, how iris recognition is done and what are the key factors that should be kept in mind. It can be its Advantages, Disadvantages, Approaches and very importantly the working process.

1. IRIS
RECOGNITION
Anjali Awasthi
M.Sc Forensic Science
2ndYear 4th sem
17001007940

2. Introduction
• Derived from the Greek words bio means life and metrics means to measure.
• In simple terms Iris recognition is the process of recognizing a person by
analyzing the random pattern of the iris.
• The iris develops during prenatal growth through a process of tight forming
and folding of the tissue membrane.
• Iris recognition is the automated process of recognizing a person on the
basis of unique pattern of iris.The iris is the annular region of the eye
bounded by the pupil and sclera (white part of the eye). In the iris
recognition, digital templates of iris are compared against the stored
templates

3. History of Iris Recognition
• 1936 – Concept of using the iris pattern for identification is proposed Ophthalmologist Frank
Burch proposed the concept of using iris patterns as a method to recognize an individual.
• 1986 – Patent is awarded stating that the iris can be used for identification1986 – Patent is
awarded stating that the iris can be used for identification- Drs. Leonard Flom andAran Safir
were awarded a patent for their concept that the iris could be used for identification. Dr. Flom
approached Dr. John Daugman to develop an algorithm to automate identification of the human
iris.
• 1994- First iris recognition algorithm is patented - Dr. John Daugman was awarded a patent
for his iris recognition algorithms.Owned by IridianTechnologies, the successor to lriScan, Inc. –
this patent is the cornerstone of most commercial iris recognition products to date.
• .

4. Iris Recognition
• The federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) planned a database for searching iris scans
nationwide to more quickly track criminals.
• The UK government in 2002 began IRIS (Iris recognition immigration system) program
which enables more than a million registered travelers to enter the country via several
British airports using only automatic iris recognition for identification, in lieu of
passport presentation or any other means of asserting an identity.
• Iris recognition system are also used in providing positive identity assurance for larger
transactions at live teller stations which lower the risk of losses due to identity theft.

5. Approaches
• Before recognition of the iris takes place, the iris is located using landmark
features.
• These landmark features and the distinct shape of the iris allow for imaging,
feature isolation, and extraction.
• Localization of the iris is an important step in iris recognition because, if
done improperly, resultant noise (e.g., eyelashes, reflections, pupils, and
eyelids) in the image may lead to poor performance.
• Iris imaging requires use of a high quality digital camera.
• Nowadays iris cameras contain Infrared Light that is used commercially to
illuminate Iris without causing harm.

6. Working
Process of Iris
Recognition

7. An ATM
machine
with Iris
scanner.

8. Advantages of
Iris Recognition
• Highly protected, internal organ of the eye.
• Iris patterns possess a high degree of
randomness.
• Changing pupil size confirms natural
physiology.
• Pre-natal morphogenesis (7th month of
gestation).
• Limited genetic penetrance of iris patterns
• Patterns apparently stable throughout life.

9. Disadvantages
of Iris
Recognition
Obscured by
eyelashes, lenses,
reflections
Partially occluded
by eyelids, often
drooping.
Deforms non-
elastically as pupil
changes size.
Illumination
should not be
visible or bright.
Small target (1cm)
to acquire from a
distance (1m).