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Vector control measures
1. Vector Control Measures
Dr Anila Varghese
Junior Resident
Department of Community Medicine and Public Health
King George’s Medical University, UP
Lucknow
2. What is a VECTOR in Disease Epidemiology?
An insect or any living carrier that
transports an infectious agent from an
infected individual or its wastes to a
susceptible individual, its food or its
surroundings.*
* Oxford Dictionary of Epidemiology, sixth edition
13. Transmission by vectors
Mechanical Transmission
• NO development or multiplication in the
vector
• E.gs: Cholera, Amebiasis
Biological Transmission
• Propagative- plague bacilli in rat fleas
• Cyclo-propagative- malaria in mosquitoes
• Cyclo-developmental- microfilaria in
mosquitoes, guinea worm in cyclops
• Transovarian- infected female to her
progeny; tick-borne encephalitis
15. Integrated vector management
× 100 × 100
× 100 × 100
15
1. Anti-larval measures
a. Environmental control
b. Chemical control
c. Biological control
2. Anti-adult measures
a. Residual sprays
b. Space sprays
c. Genetic control
3. Protection against bites
a. Mosquito net
b. Screening
c. Repellents
16. Anti-larval measures
1. Environmental Control
- Source reduction
- Engineering measures
2. Chemical control
- Larvicides
• Mineral oils
- Diesel oil,
kerosene, special oils (Mosquito
larvicidal oil)
- once a week
• Synthetic Insecticides-
Fenthion, Chlorpyrifos, Abate
(Temephos)
• Paris green- stomach poison
17. 3. Biological Control
- Fish Gambusia affinis
- Lebister reticulatus
- Single fully grown fish eats about 100-300 mosquito larvae per day
18. Anti-adult Measures
1. Residual Sprays
Application of insecticides to surfaces so
that particles remain on the surface in the form,
size and quantity suitable for insects to pick up
on contact and sufficient to exert lethal effect
over a long period.
- DDT, Lindane, Malathion or OMS-33
19. 2. Space Sprays
- Insecticide solution is sprayed
into atmosphere in form of mist or fog
to kill insects.
- mc: Pyrethrum extract 2%-
nerve poison
- Ultra-low volume space
spraying- Malathion and Fenitrothion
20. 3. Genetic Control
• Genetically modified Aedes
Mosquito OX513A by Oxitec
• Modified males- self-limiting
genes- offspring wont survive
to adult hood
• Infecting male aedes with
Wolbachia bacteria
21. Protection against mosquito bites:
1. Mosquito nets: Size of openings should
not exceed 0.0475 inch in any diameter.
Number of holes in one
square inch is usually 150.
2. Screens: Copper or bronze mesh screens
with openings should not exceed 0.0475
inch.
3. Repellents: Dietyltoluamide (DEET)
22. Model civic byelaws
-Fine/punishment if breeding is detected
-Mumbai, Chandigarh, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru,
Chennai, Goa, Kolkata.
Construction Regulation Acts
-For appropriate overhead/underground water tanks
-Mumbai
22
Legislative measures
23. House fly Control Measures
1. Environmental Control
2. Control of Adult Flies:
Residual spray: Pyrethrum 0.1% is
useful for destruction of adult flies.
Light traps (electrocutors)
3. Fly proofing: With mesh
24. Sand fly Control Measures
1. Source control: Seals cracks, crevices,
holes
-Remove animal dung from stables and
cattle sheds.
-Maintain proper sanitation.
2. Anti-adult measures: Residual spraying
with DDT
- Lindane spraying once in three months
3. Personal Protection
25. Flea Control Measures
1. Insecticide Control:
- 10% dust of DDT- on rodents
- Indoor residual spray: At the lower
one metre of walls with malathion
- Dusting of pets
2. Repellents: DEET, benzyl benzoate
3. Rodent control measures
26. Lice Control Measures
1. Good personal hygiene
2. Dusting: 10% DDT powder or 0.5%
permethrin dust and 1% propoxur dust
can be used for dusting garments.
3. Anti-lice shampoo: Permethrin (1%),
Fenitrothion (0.2-0.4%)
27. Tick Control Measures
1. Insecticidal control: DDT, chlordane,
dieldrin, lindane, malathion
2. Environmental control
3. Personal protection measures: Clothes
impregnated with insect repellent