Microbiology and Parasitology

1. MORPHOLOGY
OF BACTERIA
Fig. I
Fig. II

2. ILLUSTRATION
A. Bacterial Cell

3. ILLUSTRATION
B. Bacterial Growth Curve

4. ILLUSTRATION
C. Shapes and Arrangement of Bacterial Cell

5. Give the different parts of a
typical bacterial cell with their
characteristics and functions.
01 Fig. IV
Fig. III
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

6. RIBOSOME
-Cellular particle made of RNA
and protein
-site for protein synthesis
CYTOPLASM
-Gelatinous liquid
-medium for chemical reaction
-platform upon which the
organelles can operate with the
cell
CAPSULE
-Has semi rigid bordar that
follows the contour of the cell
-barrier
CHROMOSOMES
-Structures made from DNA and
proteins
-holds the vital information for the
cell to survive
CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE
PERIPLASMIC SPACE
CELL WALL
INCLUSION
-Is an aggregated protein
-it is important in adjusting
the environment
MESOSOME
-Actively function in cell
injury and physiological
cellular processes

7. Discuss the 4 phases of
bacterial growth.
02 Fig. VI
Fig. V
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

8. 4 Phases of Bacterial Growth
STATIONARY PHASE
DEATH PHASE
Intense activity preparing
for population growth,
but no increase in
population
LAG PHASE
LOG PHASE
Logarithmic or
exponential, increase in
population
Period of equilibrium,
microbial deaths balance
production of new cells
Population is decreasing
at a logarithmic rate

9. Discuss the different
conditions needed for bacterial
growth.
03 Fig. VIII
Fig. VII
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

10. Water- It is the most important requirement.
- It is the vehicle for the entry of all nutrients into the cell for the
elimination of all waste product.
Carbon, Nitrogen and Energy source- It is the structural backbone of the organic
compounds that make up a living cell.
Classified into two main groups:
Autotrophs- Bacteria which are able to utilize atmospheric carbon dioxide
and nitrogen
Heterotrophs- Bacteria which requires organic compounds as their source
of carbon and energy
Inorganic salts- Osmotic regulation and to provide trace elements essential for
certain enzyme systems.
- Particularly required the anions- phosphate and sulphate.

11. Temperature- Bacteria have adapted to a wide range of temperatures.
pH- Bacteria grow in the range of neutral pH values (7.2-7.6).
Growth factors- Many pathogenic species require certain key substance for their growth.
Gaseous requirements-Bacteria that require oxygen to grow
These are categorized into 4 types:
Obligate/ strict aerobe -Bacteria that grow only in the absence of oxygen
Microaerophilic - Requires low oxygen concentrations
Obligate anaerobes- Grow only in the absence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobes- Grow in the absence and in the presence of oxygen.

12. REFERENCES
https://bio.libretexts.org
https://www.reactgroup.org
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com
http://www.actforlibraries.org/