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1. Submitted to Prof.Dr.Sohail Hameed
Submitted by Aneela Saleem
Reg#UW-19S-BIS-MS-002

2. 1. Introduction to Enzyme
2. Various Enzymes Used in Textile Processing
3. Mechanisms of Enzyme Action
 Lock and key model
 Induce and fit model
4. Enzymatic reactions
5. Commercial Production of Enzymes
6. Enzyme properties which helps textile production
7. Enzyme Applications in Textile Preparatory
Process
8. Advantages and disadvantags of using enzymes
in textiles
9. Conclusions
10. References:

5.  Amylases: Which convert amylose or
amylopectin polymers , commonly referred to
as starch in to water soluble shorter chain
sugars (Starch desizing)
 Pectinases: Which hydrolyse pectins
consisting of linear polymers of galacturonic
acid (bio-scouring replacing caustic)
 Lipases: Which hydrolyse fats and oils into
alcohol and organic acids.

6.  Proteases: Which catalyse splitting protein
molecules, and in the extreme may break the
protein into the component amino acids.
 Catalases or Peroxidases: Which catalyse the
decomposition of peroxide, also known as
peroxide killer.
 Cellulases: Which catalyse the hydrolysis of
cellulosic materials (bio-singeing or bio-
polishing).

10. Some examples of enzymes and their
specific substrates.
.
Enzyme Substrate Products
Amylase Starch Simpler sugars
Lactase Lactose
Glucose and
galactose
Catalase
Hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2)
Water (H2O) and
oxygen (O2)
Carbonic
Anhydrase
Bicarbonate
(H2CO3)
Water (H2O) and
carbon dioxide
(CO2)

15. Advantages in the textile industry
• Environment friendly
• Speeds up the chemical process
• Non toxic
• Efficient and Specific
• Improved product quality
• Water saving
• Energy saving
Disadvantages of enzymes:
The only disadvantage of enzymes are
that they are expensive and if the
enzymes are not used up in reaction
then, separation from product is time
consuming and expensive.

16. Conclusions:
• Enzymes can be used in order to
develop environmentally friendly
alternatives to chemical processes
in almost all steps of textile fibre
processing.
• Enzymes are emerging in a big way
in the field of textile wet
processing. If their cost can be
managed, enzymes can be put to
use in a much bigger way for
textile processing applications.

17. References:
1.Impact of bio- technology on the textile
industry; Rakesh Doshi;Asian Textile journal, Jan
2002
2.Role of enzymes in textile processing industry;
O L Shanmugasundaram & S Kumaravel; Asian
Dyer;NOV-DEC2005
3.Enzymes in wet processing; Dr.Nikhil Verma&
Dr. Anita Nishkam; The Indian Textile
JournalFeb2003/37
4.Application of biotechnology in textile; M Muthu
manickem and J Ganesh Prasad; Asian
Dyer,oct2006/67

18. 5.Recent research on biotechnology
in textile ; Dr.Danny E Akin &Ian R
Hardin; colourage, Annual2004/55
6.Kh. M. Gaffar Hossain, Maria Diaz
Gonzalez, Guillem Rocasalbas Lozano
and Tzanko, “Multifunctional
modification of wool using an
enzymatic process in aqueous-
organic media”. Journal of
biotechnology Volume 141, Issue 1-
2, April 2009.