1. Part 1
MLDDefinition&
TypologyofMLD
Part 2
Advantages &
Disadvantages
of Formal Interventions
><
Part 3
Usefulness &
Implications for
business case
Part 4
Conclusion and
Recommendations
✪The Role of Formal
MLD
Interventions in
transferring skills from expatriates
to Nationals
https://www.dropbox.com/l/s/AoVw33Iw0EFzKS0p3uQGhr

2. What is MLD?
Achieving effectiveness through a planned and
deliberate process.
Achieving effectiveness by recognizing the
opportunity without any planning. (Gold et al., 2010)
Management
Leadership
Development

3. Rodgers Typology of MLD
Adopted from Rodgers et al (2003)
Q1
Q3Q2
Q4
Q1
Training programs & courses Q 3
Training programs in groups
Q 4
Leadership development in
large group interventions
Q 2
Practical learning in informal
setting
Specified
Recognized
Distribution
Concentrated

4. Typology of Formal
Education
Programs Design
Objectives Skills and
Knowledge
Characters
Formal Education and
Training
Specific courses in organization/culture
Widely understanding and
commitment with regulations
Specified and
Concentrated
Qualification courses : MBA
Analysis skills, conceptual and
cognitive
Professional development Technical skills
Outdoor Activities Group work, team building
Soft skills, social network and
collaboration
Specified and Distributed
Formal MLD Intervention
(Adapted from Rodgers et al., 2003)

5. Cultural Differences
The difference in organizational culture
(OC) and national culture (NC)
is the main issue of transferring skills
process between expatriates and
nationals
in how to apply OC in MNEs that do not
undermine strengths of a NC.
(Huczynski & Buchanan, 2013).
Adopted from Hofstede, 2015

6. Advantages And Disadvantages
of Formal Interventions
MLD Formal Education & Training Outdoor Development
Advantages
1. Team building
2. Integration
3. Morale
1. Motivation
2. Cultural exchange
3. Talents identification
Disadvantages
1. Cost
2. Less effective for elderly
3. Time consuming
1. Psychological damage
2. Expensive
3. Transfer of training

7. Usefulness & Implications
For Business Case
Improving performance Improving corporate culture

8. An Example Of
Formal Intervention
The Voyage Global
Leadership Development Program

9. Conclusions & Recommendations
 MNEs are competing with each other to develop their business globally.
 Expatriates play a significant role in transferring skills to nationals, and
effectiveness of international business activities (Foster, 2000).
 The standardization and internalisation of global corporation, rise the
concerns surrounding management approaches.
 The importance of MLD is very clear to managers to be more effective.
 Managers may consider both aspects of formal and informal MLD
interventions in order to transfer their knowledge and skill to nationals
more efficient and effective.

10. Maho Aikawa
Sergey DyuminAnh Quan
Agshin Sadigov
Mahshid Bagheri
(leader)
Olanike Abiodun
(vice leader)
He LiuAnh Ton Le