Data processing, exploitation, and dissemination (PED) is mission-critical for warfighters and analysts. Video data in particular can yield vital information and context, and government agencies spend millions of dollars annually gathering it. Yet extracting the full intelligence potential of the data during the PED process has proven to be a challenge due to error-prone and bandwidth-constrained networks, as well as overall poor image quality. Join the team that built the glass-to-glass workflow for the USD(I)-governed and NGA-led 2018 Enterprise Challenge event, showcasing HD contribution feeds using ruggedized small form factor encoders in the field, ingesting feeds into the AWS Cloud for packaging, and delivering to multiscreen devices to improve intelligence gathering for the warfighter. Learn about best practices, hurdles in architecting the solution, and how these technologies are refining the intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) landscape.

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Insights into the Government Glass-to-Glass
Video Workflows
Matt Carter
Sr. Solutions Architect
AWS Elemental
C T D 4 0 8

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Agenda
 Next-generation FMV
 ISR and PED in the cloud
 Enterprise Challenge 2018
 Event challenges and goals
 Implementation details and best practices
 Architecture review and live demo

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5
USERS ARE DRIVING DEMAND FOR MORE
CONTENT, TO MORE DEVICES.
Powering the next generation FMV experience with cloud
& streaming technologies
U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Alexandra Seeley
https://www.navy.mil/management/photodb/photos/170713-N-JN784-033.JPG

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Video is everywhere
C4ISR
HEADQUARTERS
MOBILE
INFANTRY
GROUND
SUPPORT
NAVAL
SUPPORT
FORWARD
OPERATING BASE
AERIAL
RECONNAISSANCE
ISR / PED
ANALYSTS

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What is FMV?
[foo l - moh-shuh n - vid-ee-oh]
Full Motion Video
A term used within the military and
intelligence communities that implies a
narrow subset of Motion Imagery; one that
assumes geo-spatial metadata, commercial
image formats, and playback rates. (see fig. 1)
See related:
Next-generation FMV
An AWS Elemental and cloud enabling
movement from legacy FMV to new adaptive
streaming technologies
FIGURE 1
Noun
Geospatial Data720p30

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FMV today: Facts vs. reality
Full Motion Video remains a vital
component in ISR operations
While important, FMV often carries with it a
stigma of poor and unimproved quality
The M&E industry offers highly scalable,
interactive, robust media services to
consumers worldwide
Government organizations strive in
maintaining legacy monolithic video services
over highly managed networks
The Intelligence Community was led to
believe that live video was simply not a
viable cloud strategy for live mission-critical
workflows
Live content is produced, streamed, and
monetized to consumers every day around the
world from the cloud. This utopia of media
remains readily available at our fingertips
FACT REALITY

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Goals
 Prove out feasibility of live FMV in the cloud
 Integrate to multicast environments and improve
video quality and reliability
 Upgrade PED processing with AI/ML technologies
Use of AWS
 AWS Elemental demonstrated:
 H.265/HEVC contribution from air-to-ground-to-
cloud
 Utilize ABR technologies from cloud-to-client
 Introduce several new application based AI services
Benefits
 High-quality, reliable, secure FMV streaming services
 Content formatted and delivered in a web-friendly
fashion, improving end-user experience
 Augmented PED capabilities with object-tagging and
speech-to-text information
Enterprise Challenge 2018—FMV in the cloud
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)

10. ”The capabilities demonstrated during
Enterprise Challenge offered substantial
risk reduction and will inform how we
modernize our ISR PED capabilities.”
Mr. Joe Victor
NGA/IPA Chief of Integration and Transition

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US-EAST-1 N. VIRGINIA
NGA EC18 FMV architecture overview
ABR
HTTPS/HLS
Multi Agency Collaboration
Environment
UDP FMV
[Multicast]
Reliable
UDP
RTP
API Calls
File
Amazon
EC2
(Crafter CMS)
AWS Elemental
MediaConvert
Amazon
EC2
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
Amazon
S3
Amazon ML services
Amazon
Rekognition
Amazon
SageMaker
Amazon
Transcribe
Ground station
Aircraft & Sensor
HD-SDI
UDP FMV
[Unicast]
AWS Elemental
Live
Reliable
transport
Reliable
transport
GFE PED tools
(Legacy Thick Client)
AWS PED tools
(Web/Thin Client)
Time Dominant (~1s)
Content Dominant (~10s)
Amazon
CloudFront
Reliable
UDP
HTTPS/H
LS
UDP FMV
[Multicast]
GFE PED tools
(Legacy Thick Client)
Air Base Ops
BOGUE FIELD, NC HERNDON, VA

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EC18 VELOE workflow specifics
Unicast and Multicast transport: From aircraft to AWS to client; as UDP/IP
M2TS via AWS
 Demonstrated with one second of end-to-end latency
 Encoded as MISP compliant HEVC 3Mbps Level 3.1 (1280x720p@30)
 Downlink to ground station to VPN to AWS to VPN. Performed multistep Multicast-to-Unicast
and Unicast-to-Multicast conversions, Encrypt/De-Encrypt, UDP/RTP packet translations.
Maintained original encode and delivered to client as M2TS UDP/IP
HEVC over HLS; glass-to-glass
 Demonstrated with five-seven seconds of end-to-end latency
 Encoded as MISP compliant HEVC 3Mbps Level 3.1 (1280x720p@30)
 Content moved form aerial encoder-to-cloud utilizing HLS fMP4 containers
 Segments placed on AWS Elemental MediaStore, high performance, low latency origination
01
W O R K F L O W
02
W O R K F L O W

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EC18 VELOE Workflow Specifics
ABR and Live-to-VOD: From aircraft to AWS to client w/Adaptive Bit
Rate and 72-hr playback
 Demonstrated with 9-12 seconds of end-to-end latency
 Encoded as MISP compliant HEVC 3Mbps Level 3.1 (1280x720p@30)
 Downlink to ground station to distribute to LAN, then contributed to AWS cloud via internet
VPN
 Hybrid workflow with ABR transcoding w/AWS MediaLive and packaged for various devices
types w/AWS MediaPackage including: HLS, MPEG-DASH, and CMAF distributions
HEVC vs AVC: From aircraft to AWS to client; as UDP/IP M2TS or ABR
 Contrast two streams, encoded by same camera source, displayed side-by-side
 Stream one encoded as MISP compliant HEVC 1.5Mbps Level 3.1 (1280x720p@30)
 Stream two encoded as MISP compliant AVC 1.5Mbps Level 3.1 (1280x720p@30)
 HEVC offered a subjective 2-to-1 VQ advantage in image quality over the AVC feed using the
same bit rate with negligible differences in latency between the two codecs
03
W O R K F L O W
04
W O R K F L O W

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Where to next?
 Deeper AWS service and partner integrations
 Collaborating closely with our AWS Snowball Edge team
 Deeper integration with Amazon AI/ML services
 Additional AWS partner-level integrations with services
 Disconnected, Intermittent, Limited bandwidth (DIL) environments
 Moving cloud technologies closer to the tactical edge
 Pushing the boundaries of ABR workflows
 Implementing cross-domain solutions
 Let us know about your challenges!

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Demo time
Contribution
encoder
CDN
Reliable
transport
Client
PORTLAND, OR LAS VEGAS, NV
Stream a live event in Portland, OR to attendees at re:Invent 2018 in Las Vegas, NV on various
mobile devices. What is the best way to architect this solution using Amazon Web Services?
AVAILABLE TOOLS
US-WEST-2
Packager
Storage
ABR
transcoder

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ABR
HLS/DASH
re:Invent
Reliable
UDP
RTP
Amazon
EC2
AWS Elemental
MediaPackage
AWS Elemental
MediaLive
Amazon
S3
AWS Elemental HQ
HD-SDI
UDP
[Unicast]
AWS Elemental
Live
Reliable
transport
Web clients
Amazon
CloudFront
HTTPS
PORTLAND, OR LAS VEGAS, NVUS-WEST-2
Demo time
Stream a live event in Portland, OR to attendees at re:Invent 2018 in Las Vegas, NV on various
mobile devices. What is the best way to architect this solution using Amazon Web Services?

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Demo Time

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Additional learnings from EC18
#7 HEVC offered a 50% VQ improvement over AVC at low bitrates during
side-by-side testing
#6 Aerial content with a long GOP structure with I and P frames showed
best performance for cloud contribution encoding
#5 Aerial/ground-based MPEG-2 TS combined with cloud-based ABR
demonstrated excellent network behavior
#4 ABR bandwidth was further reduced using ISOBMFF fMP4 containers
over legacy MPEG-2 TS containers
#3 ABR stream latency was reduced using one second segments
#2 Safari web browser was the only browser supporting HEVC glass-to-glass
without plugins or transcodes
#1 Reliable UDP transport (for example: ARQ) offers secure and reliable
protection to/from cloud for UDP/IP streams with little added latency

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Related sessions
Tuesday, November 27th
CTD306: Any Given Thursday, Friday, Saturday …: How Pac-12 Streams Hundreds of Live Events
6:15 p.m. - 7:15 p.m. | Aria West, Level 3, Juniper 4 | Breakout Session
Wednesday, November 28th
CTD305: Building and Moving Live Broadcasting to AWS
4:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. | Aria East, Level 1, Joshua 6 | Breakout Session

20. Thank you!
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Matt Carter
Sr. Solutions Architect
AWS Elemental
federal-info@elemental.com

21. © 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.