微服務架構能讓應用程式更容易擴展，並且加快開發速度。但是，跟多個團隊構建容器化微服務意味著您需要非常準確定義的軟件設計和實現計劃。 在這場線上研討會，我們將討論在 AWS 上構建容器化微服務的最佳實踐，以及傳統軟件設計模式在容器環境中如何演變。我們將深入探討馬丁福勒 (Martin Fowler) 的微服務原則，並把它們應用到 12 要素應用模式和現實生活中的考慮因素。 最後，我們將向您展示使用 AWS Fargate 構建和運行容器化微服務應用程序的示例。

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Bob Yeh, Solutions Architect
2018-09-27
Building Microservices with the 12
Factor App Pattern on AWS
AWS Webinar – Taipei

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Sponsor

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12 Factor App
Principles
Microservices
Principles
Great, Scalable
Architecture
+ =

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12 Factor Application:
01: Codebase

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Code

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Code Version Control

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Code Deployed VersionVersion Control

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Staging / QA
Production
Dev #1
Dev #2

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12 Factor Application:
02: Dependencies

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Dependencies
Binaries
Code
Application
Bundle

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Dependency Declaration: Node.js
package.json
npm install

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Dependency Declaration: Python
requirements.txt
pip install

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Dependency Declaration:
Ruby
Gemfile
bundle install

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Dependency Isolation
Never depend on the host to
have your dependency.
Application deployments
should carry all their
dependencies with them.

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Dependencies
Binaries
Code

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Dependency Declaration & Isolation:
Docker
docker build
Dockerfile

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Development
Production
docker run

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12 Factor Application:
03: Config

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Development
Configuration
Production
Configuration
Development
Production

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Development
Configuration
Production
Configuration
Development
Production
ANTIPATTERN

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Development
Production
Same container deployed to both environments. Configuration is
part of the environment on the host.

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At runtime the container gets config from the environment.

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Application code pulls from the environment
Environment is customized when Docker runs a container

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12 Factor Application:
04: Backing Services

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AWS S3
PostgreSQLapp1
Host
app2 3rd party service
Treat local services just like
remote third party ones

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PostgreSQLapp1
app2
postgres.mycompany.com
app2.mycompany.com Load balancer
Use CNAMES for maximum
flexibility and re-configurability

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12 Factor Application:
05: Build, Release, Run

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Dependencies
Binaries
Code
Build

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Release
Config
+ =
ReleaseBuild Artifact

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Amazon Elastic Container Service
Config

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Run
Task Definition
Release v1.0.0
Task Definition
Release v1.0.1

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12 Factor Application:
06: Stateless Processes

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Stateful container stores state in local disk or local memory. Workload
ends up tied to a specific host that has state data.

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Stateful container stores state in local disk or local memory. Workload
ends up tied to a specific host that has state data.
ANTIPATTERN

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Database
Durable store of truth.
MySQL, PostgreSQL,
MongoDB, DynamoDB
Cache
Fast, temporary
state store.
redis, memcached

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12 Factor Application:
07: Port Binding

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Port 32456
Port 32457
Port 32458

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12 Factor Application:
08: Concurrency

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WebAPI Worker

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Worker
Web
API

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Hosts
Processes

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Hosts
Processes

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Large Host =
More Concurrent Processes
Small Host =
Fewer Concurrent Processes

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12 Factor Application:
09: Disposability

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Responsive Graceful
Shutdown
Fast Launch

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Fast Launch
Minimize the startup time of processes:
- Scale up faster in response to spikes
- Ability to move processes to another host as needed
- Replace crashed processes faster

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Responsive, Graceful
Shutdown
Should respond to SIGTERM by shutting down gracefully

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12 Factor Application:
10: Dev/Prod Parity

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Staging / QA
Production
Dev #1
Dev #2

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Staging / QA
Production
Dev #1
Dev #2
Local Application Remote

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12 Factor Application:
11: Logs

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Treat logs as an event stream,
and keep the logic for routing
and processing logs separate
from the application itself.

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Logging Library
Application Code
Process

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Logging Library
Application Code
Process
Some logs get lost
if they haven’t fully
flushed

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Logging Library
Application Code
Process
Some logs get lost
if they haven’t fully
flushed
ANTIPATTERN

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Logging Library
Application Code
Process
Logs go to an agent
which handles
exporting them off
the host

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Logging Library
Application Code
Process
Logs still reach
agent, and still
make it into ELK
stack

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Containerized code writes to stdout
Docker connects container’s stdout to
a log driver

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12 Factor Application:
12: Admin Processes

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Admin / management processes are
inevitable:
- Migrate database
- Repair some broken data
- Once a week move database records
older than X to cold storage
- Every day email a report to this person

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Run admin processes
just like other
processes.

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Microservices:
Componentization

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Each component is a 12 factor application.
Fast Launch
Dependencies Configuration Port BindingCodebase
ConcurrentGraceful stop Log stream
Stateless

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Microservices:
Organized around capabilities

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Identify the capabilities of the platform

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Each major capability of the platform becomes a
component that is its own 12 factor app

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Microservices:
Decentralized Governance

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Microservices:
Products Not Projects

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Products grow over time

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Microservices are an
ecosystem of connected
products that can be at
different stages of growth

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Don’t create throwaway microservices that become
unmaintained and break the ecosystem.

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Microservices:
Smart endpoints, Dumb pipes

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Central bus for communication
Bottlenecks performance and
feature development

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Central bus for communication
Bottlenecks performance and
feature development
ANTIPATTERN

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Decentralization

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Example: User Signup
Signup API
HTTP
User Metadata
Service
Password
Service
Email Verification
Service
Friend Discovery
Service
Asynchronous
Broadcast

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Event Producers SubscriptionsEvent Topics Queues Event Consumers

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AWS Managed Services for Microservices Communication

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Microservices:
Infrastructure Automation

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Automate the container build
process:
Jenkins
AWS CodeBuild

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Automate the provisioning of the
infrastructure that hosts microservice
containers:
Automate the placement of containerized
service processes onto hosts:

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Developers Version Control
Repository
Test & Deployment
Manager
Image Build Service
Infrastructure
Provisioning
Container Scheduling &
Orchestration
Container Image
Repository

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Developers AWS CodeCommit
AWS CodePipeline
AWS CodeBuild
AWS CloudFormation
Amazon ECS
Amazon ECR

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Developers AWS CodeCommit
AWS CodePipeline
AWS CodeBuild
Amazon ECS AWS Fargate
Amazon ECR

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Developers Github Jenkins
Terraform
Container Scheduling &
Orchestration with
Kubernetes
Container Image
Repository

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Summary

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12 Factor Application Principals
Fast Launch
Dependencies Configuration Port BindingCodebase
ConcurrentGraceful stop Log stream
Stateless

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Microservices Principals
Componentization Product
Focused
Automation Decentralization

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More resources
• aws.amazon.com/microservices
• aws.amazon.com/whitepapers
• Running Containerized Microservices on AWS
• Microservices on AWS
• aws.amazon.com/getting-started/container-
microservices-tutorial

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https://aws.amazon.com/tw/webinars/tw-webinar-series/

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your evaluations!

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