Condition or health issues Description Prevalence or incidence Trends (for example, decreasing, staying the same, increasing) Degree of severity in different groups Risk factors (for example, socioeconomic conditions, age, gender, specific ethnic groups, geographical region, marital status, lifestyle) Overview of prevention and treatment methods Most common causes and symptoms Comorbidities (if relevant) Quality-of-life issues   Key groups or stakeholders Identify key groups and stakeholders (primary and secondary audiences) of the health communication program State reasons for prioritizing engagement of specific groups over others (for example, in the case of multiple key groups and limited program resources that set the need for prioritizing Social and political determinants of health Predominant health beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors within a given group Social norms Existing policies, laws, and regulations Trends and other factors that may influence the intervention’s ability to address the health issue (for example, social, economic, demographic, political) Key characteristics of the living, working, and aging environment (social determinants of health) Access to services and information, such as primary care services, transportation, nutritious food, parks, recreational facilities, and other essential resources Audience profile and segmentation Key characteristics of primary and secondary audiences, including health beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, lifestyle issues, demographics, socioeconomic conditions, and geographical factors Audience segments (by behavioral and social stage and other common characteristics) Demographics and epidemiology Cultural considerations Is there a secondary audience? Who? Secondary audiences should be identified by using a similar process and include all groups (for example, family members, health care providers, peers, student associations, community centers, religious leaders, and others) that may have an influence on the primary audiences. Motivation of population (using a theory to back up response) Predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors (PERF) Predisposing factors—the individual’s knowledge, attitudes, behavior, beliefs, and values before intervention that affect willingness to change Enabling factors—factors in the environment or community of an individual that facilitate or present obstacles to change Reinforcing factors—the positive or negative effects of adopting the behavior (including social support) that influence continuing the behavior Barriers Describe overall barriers to program implementation and proposed change Cultural competence The ability to relate to other people’s values, feelings, and beliefs across different cultures, and effectively address such differences as part of all interaction Reference- Schiavo, R. (2014). Health communication: From theory to practice (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. CJ 100 Assignment #1 Since we will be discuss ...

1. Condition or health issues
Description Prevalence or incidence Trends (for example,
decreasing, staying the same, increasing) Degree of severity in
different groups Risk factors (for example, socioeconomic
conditions, age, gender,
specific ethnic groups, geographical region, marital status,
lifestyle) Overview of prevention and treatment methods Most
common causes and symptoms Comorbidities (if relevant)
Quality-of-life issues
Key groups or stakeholders
Identify key groups and stakeholders (primary and secondary
audiences) of the health communication program
State reasons for prioritizing engagement of specific groups
over others (for example, in the case of multiple key groups and
limited program resources that set the need for prioritizing
Social and political determinants of health
Predominant health beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors within a
given group
Social norms Existing policies, laws, and regulations Trends
and other factors that may influence the intervention’s
ability to address the health issue (for example, social,
economic, demographic, political) Key characteristics of the
living, working, and aging environment
(social determinants of health) Access to services and
information, such as primary care services,
transportation, nutritious food, parks, recreational facilities,
and other essential resources
Audience profile and segmentation
Key characteristics of primary and secondary audiences,
including health beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, lifestyle issues,
demographics, socioeconomic conditions, and geographical
factors

2. Audience segments (by behavioral and social stage and other
common characteristics)
Demographics and epidemiology
Cultural considerations
Is there a secondary audience? Who?
Secondary audiences should be identified by using a similar
process and include all groups (for example, family members,
health care providers, peers, student associations, community
centers, religious leaders, and others) that may have an
influence on the primary audiences.
Motivation of population (using a theory to back up response)
Predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors
(PERF)
Predisposing factors—the individual’s knowledge, attitudes,
behavior, beliefs, and values before intervention that affect
willingness to change
Enabling factors—factors in the environment or community of
an individual that facilitate or present obstacles to change
Reinforcing factors—the positive or negative effects of
adopting the behavior (including social support) that influence
continuing the behavior
Barriers
Describe overall barriers to program implementation and
proposed change
Cultural competence
The ability to relate to other people’s values, feelings, and
beliefs across different cultures, and effectively address such
differences as part of all interaction
Reference- Schiavo, R. (2014). Health communication: From
theory to practice (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

3. CJ 100
Assignment #1
Since we will be discussing research in criminal justice next
week, our first assignment will be based on this topic. In order
to complete this assignment, you must locate a scholarly journal
article that is studying crime.
Journal articles contain several main parts. First, they typically
have an abstract that you can use to determine what the article
is about, and maybe what the finding of the research is. The
article typically begins with an introduction that explains what
the researchers are studying and why. A literature review will
follow. Literature reviews summarize previous research done in
the area the article is writing about. Next, the researchers
explain what they are doing, and how they are doing it with the
research methods, or just methods section. This is typically
followed by the results section and then the conclusion or
discussion wherein the authors explain what the results mean
and how it furthers our knowledge of the topic.
To do find an article you can either go to the library, or go to
the library’s website and use their online article search tool.
You can search by topic – ‘crime’ for example, or specific
database name. If you search by specific database you will
need to pick ‘criminal justice’ and then one of the journals
listed there for the most relevant criminal justice or criminology
results. Some of these databases include: Criminal Justice
Abstracts with Full Text, National Criminal Justice Reference
Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database, National Criminal Justice
reference Service Abstracts, or Crime
Solution
s.gov.
For the purposes of this assignment, pick an article published

4. within the last five years that is relevant to some aspect of
criminal justice. If you need help finding an article, or want to
send me the article before you begin, feel free to e-mail me.
Once you have found an article, you will need to read it
thoroughly and look for the ‘research methods’ or ‘methods’
section closely. Within this section, the authors will explain
what type of research they conducted to arrive at their results.
Answer the following questions about your article using proper
grammar and complete sentences.
1) What research question or problem is the researcher trying to
answer?
2) What methods do the researchers employ to answer their
questions? Are they using an experiment? A survey?
Participant observation? Explain what the researchers are doing
and if you think they are successful in using that method.
3) Do you think the researchers found what they were looking
for?
Please make sure you answer each question. This should not
take more than 1-2 pages.