Saints in world A Lecture to Farmers By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG agriculture Extension KPK Peshawar Pakistan

2. Saints in Islam In World
A Report By
Mr. Allah Dad Khan

3. Beginning Of Islam
 From the early beginning of Islam, the saints
have never ceased to play an essential role in
popular piety. As an intermediary between the
believers and God, the saint is supposed to
serve, thanks to his miracles and his blessing, the
destiny of the world and to answer to the spiritual
and day-to-day needs of every Muslims, whether
kings or humble people. The cult of saints reflects
however very diverse and varied aspects due to
the influence of the cultural and geographical
milieu into which the saints has emerged.

4. Uwais al Qarani (594-657 AD)
 Uwais al-Qarani Arabic: ‫أويس‬
‫القرني‬ ‫انيس‬ ‫بن‬ ,was
an Arab, Muslim martyr, he
was a Tabi'i from Yemen. He
lived during the lifetime
of Muhammad, but never
met Muhammad
personally. As reported
by Ibn Battuta, Uwais was
killed in the Battle of
Siffeen as a soldier inImam
Ali's army. Uwais's shrine
where he is buried was in al-
Raqqah, Syriabefore it was
destroyed by radical
Islamists in 2013.Another
shrine was constructed in his
honor in Baykan, in the Siirt
Province of Turkey


5. Hazrat Rabi'a al-Adawiyya al-
Qaysiyya (ra) also known as Rabi'ah al-
Basri (713-801 AD)
 was a Sufi saint from Iraq
and is considered to be
the first female Sufi Saint
of Islam, the first in a long
line of female Sufi
mystics. She lived during
the 8th Century and was
born in Basra, a seaport in
southern Iraq where she
spent the vast majority of
her life. Much of her early
life is narrated by
Hazrat Fariduddin
Attar (ra), a later Sufi saint
and poet, who used
earlier sources. She did
not leave any written
works herself.


6. Pir Mangho (720-773 AD)
 Sheikh Hafiz Haji Hasan-al-Maroof Sultan
Manghopir or Pir Mangho (Sindhiand Urdu:
‫پير‬ ‫منگھو‬ ‫عرف‬ ‫سلطان‬ ‫سخی‬ ‫حسن‬ ‫خواجہ‬) is the popular
name for Sufi Pir Haji Syed Khawaja Hassan
Sakhi Sultan. Sakhi Sultan Manghopir
Rehmatullah Aliah's proper name is Hasan and
according to another version Kamaluddin. He
was titled a pir by Baba Farid, whose disciple he
became.
 Pir Mangho Urs is celebrated in the Islamic
month of Zil Hijjah. The settlement around his
shrine has been named Manghopir and is part
of Gadap Town inKarachi, Sindh Pakistan.
 Originally, he was an Arab and a descendant
of Ali ibn Abi Talib. He is a Hassani (descendants
of Hasan ibn Ali )from the mother's side and
Husaini (descendant of Hussain ibn Ali from
father's side. He came to India from Hijaz in the
13th century AD. That was the time of the
Tartar's invasion of Muslim lands which created
great havoc. He participated in the jihad against
them. Then he performed the Hajj, and while he
was inMedina, he had a vision of Muhammad
who directed him to go to Ajudhan (present
day Pak Patan) and meet Fariduddin
Ganjshakar

7. Abdullah Shah Ghazi (720-773 AD)
 According to historian
Suhail Zaheer Lari, he
was the son of
Muhammad al-Nafs al-
Zakiyya
 was born in Medina in
720 and arrived in Sindh
in 760 as a merchant and
brought with him a large
number of horses
purchased from Kufa,
I raq. He died in 773 near
the sea while dressed in
war attire. He was buried
atop a hill in Karachi.

8. Ali Hujwiri (990-1077 AD)
 Abul Hassan Ali Ibn Usman al-Jullabi al-
Hajveri al-Ghaznawi( ‫عثمان‬ ‫بن‬ ‫علی‬ ‫ابوالحسن‬
‫الغزنوی‬ ‫الھجويری‬ ‫الجالبی‬) or Abul Hassan Ali
Hajvari (sometimes
spelled Hajvari, Hajweri,Hajveri), also
known asDaata Ganj
Bakhsh(Persian/Punjabi: ‫بخش‬ ‫گنج‬ ‫داتا‬, which
means the master who bestows treasures)
orDaata Sahib(Persian/Urdu: ‫صاحب‬ ‫داتا‬), was
a Persian Sufi and scholar in the 11th
century. He significantly contributed to the
spreading of Islam inSouth Asia.
 He was born around 990 CE near Ghazni,
present day Afghanistan, during
the Ghaznavid Empire and died in Lahore (in
present-day Punjab, Pakistan) in 1072 CE.
His most famous work is Revelation of the
Veiled (Kashf Al Mahjub) ( ‫المحجوب‬ ُ‫کشف‬),
written in thePersian language. The work,
which is one of the earliest and most
respected treatises of Sufism, debates Sufi
doctrines of the past.
 Ali Hajvari is also famous for
his mausoleum in Lahore

9. Abdul-Qadir Gilani (1077-1166 AD)
 Hazrat Syed Abd al-Qadir al-
Jilani (Arabic: ‫عبدالقادر‬
‫الجيالني‬ ;Persian: ‫عبدالقادر‬
‫گيالنی‬ ,Turkish: Abdülkâdir
Geylânî, Kurdish:Evdilqadirê
Geylanî, SoraniKurdish: ‫بدوالقادری‬‫عه‬
‫يالنی‬‫گه‬[) Al-Sayyid Muhiyudin Abu
Muhammad Abdal Qadir Al-Jilani Al-
Hasani Wal-Hussaini (born 29
Shabaan, 470 Hijri, in the town of
Na'if), district ofGilan-e GharbThe
capital city of Gilan-e Gharb
County, Kermanshah
Province, Iran.), Persia,oarGilan Al-
Mada'in, Iraq died 11 Rabi Al-Akhar
561 AH (Monday 14 February 1166
C.E), in Baghdad,[1077–1166 CE),
was a Persian] urist and Sufi based
in Baghdad. TheQadiriyya are the
Sufi order founded by him, based on
his name.


10. Moinuddin Chishti (1141 – 1236 AD)
 also known asGharīb
Nawāz(Benefactor of the Poor),
was an imam, Islamic
scholar and philosopher
from South Asia. Chishti
introduced and established
the Chishti Order of Sufism in
theIndian subcontinent. The
initial spiritual chain orsilsila of
the Chishti order in India,
comprising Chishti, Qutbuddin
Bakhtiar Kaki, Fariduddin
Ganjshakar andNizamuddin
Auliya—each successive person
being the disciple of the
previous—includes the
great Sufi saints of Indian
history. Various Mughal
emperors were followers of
Chishti.

11. Muhammad Usman Marwandi (1149–
1299 AD),
 also known as Lal
Shahbaz Qalandar(Sindh
i: ‫قلندر‬ ‫شھباز‬ ‫الل‬ ), was
a Sufi philosopher-poet of
present-
dayAfghanistan and Pakis
tan. He belonged to
theSuhrawardi order
of Sufis.
 Called Lal (Diamond )
after his usual red
attire,Shahbaz to denote a
noble and divine spirit.
Some other famous
Qalandars include Bu Ali
Shah
Qalandar and Shams Ali
Qalandar.

12. Baba Fakhruddin Suharwardy (1169-1295
AD)
 was a Sufi saint who lived in
the 12th century.
 Before coming toPenukonda
, he was a king
of Sistan and Shahpur
inIran. His disciples knew
him as a true follower of
Islam who renounced the
world for the sake of Allah.
His Murshid (spiritual guide)
was Tabr-e-Aalam Baadshah
Nathar Vali, who himself was
a king who also had
renounced the world in a
place
calledTiruchirapalli (Tamil
Nadu). After serving
Hazarath for several years at
his Murshid's command,
Baba Fakruddin left for
Penukonda in order to

13. Baha-ud-din Zakariya(1171-1262 AD)
 Baha-ud-din Zakariya(Persian: ‫الدين‬ ‫بہاؤ‬
‫زکريا‬ )( Friday June 1171 to Thursday 21
Dec 1262) ), also spelled as Bahauddin
Zakariya, and also known as Baha-ul-
Haq and Hazrat Bahauddin Zakariya
Multani (Rahmatullah Alaih), was
a SufiofSuhrawardiyyaorder (tariqa. His
full name wasAbu Muhammad
Bahauddin Zakariya. He was from the
lineage of Hadhrat Asad Ibn Hashim
hence Hashmi.
 Sheikh Baha-ud-Din Zakariya was born at
Kot Kehror (Karor Lal Esan), a town of
the Layyah
Districtnear Multan, Punjab,Pakistan,
around 1170. His grandfather Shah
Kamaluddin Ali Shah Qureshi arrived in
Multan from Mecca en route
toKhwarezmwhere he stayed for a short
while.
 In Tariqat, he was the disciple of
renowned Sufi master Shaikh Shahab al-
Din Suhrawardi who awarded
him Khilafatonly after 17 days of stay at
his Khanqah in Baghdad For fifteen
years, he travelled to different cities in
order to preach Islam and finally settled in
Multan in 1222.

14. Khawaja Fariduddin Masud ( 1173-1266
AD)
 Khwaja Fariduddin
Masud
Ganjshakar(Farīduddīn
Masūd Ganjshakar),
popularly known
as Baba Farid andShei
kh Farid (1173–1266;
also
spelled Fareed,Fareedu
ddin Masood,Ganj-e-
Shakar, etc.), was
a Sufi saint and
a Muslim
missionary from
the Chishtiorder, living
in Punjab region of

15. Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (1173-1235 AD)
 Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki(Urdu ‫حضرت‬
‫کاکی‬ ‫بختيار‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫قطب‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫ّد‬‫ي‬‫س‬ ‫(خواجہ‬ )born
1173-died 1235) was a MuslimSufimystic,
saint and scholar of the Chishti
Order from Delhi in what is now India. He
was the disciple and the spiritual
successor of Moinuddin Chishti as head
of the Chishti order, and the person to
whom the Qutb Minar, Delhi is dedicated.
Before him the Chishti order in India was
confined to Ajmer and Nagaur He played
a major role in establishing the order
securely in Delhi.[Hisdargahlocated
adjacent toZafar Mahal in Mehrauli and
the oldest dargah in Delhi, is also the
venue of his annual Urs festivities. The
Urs was held in high regard by many
rulers of Delhi like Qutbuddin
Aibak,Iltutmish who built a nearby step
well, Gandhak ki Baoli for him, Sher Shah
Suriwho built a grand gateway, Bahadur
ShaI who built the Moti Masjid mosque
nearby and Farrukhsiyar who added a
marble screen and a mosqu

16. Shaikh Sharafuddeen Abu Ali Qalandar Panipati also
called Bu Ali Qalandar (1209-1324 AD)
 probably born
at Panipat, Haryana)
in Indiawas a Sufi saint of
the Chishtī Order who lived and
taught in India.
Hisdargah (mausoleum) in the
town of Panipat is a place
of pilgrimage.
 His real name was Shaykh
Sharfuddin but he is famous by
the title Bu Ali Shah. His father,
Shaykh Fakhar Uddin was a
great scholar and saint of his
time. He completed his studies
at an early age and
subsequently taught near
the Qutub Minar in Delhi for 20
years. He published a collection
of Persian poetry by the name
of " Diwan Hazrat Sharafuddeen
Bu Ali Qalandar” which was later
translated by Khawaja
Shahudin in Punjabi. It's a great
Sufi work in Persian language.

17. Nizamuddin Auliya ( 1238-1325 AD)
 Sultan-ul-Mashaikh, Mehboob-
e-Ilahi, Hazrat Shaikh Khwaja
Syed Muhammad Nizamuddin
Auliya (1238 – 3 April 1325)
(Urdu: ‫محمد‬ ‫ّد‬‫ي‬‫س‬ ‫خواجہ‬ ‫شيخ‬ ‫حضرت‬
‫اولياء‬ ‫ّين‬‫د‬‫ال‬ ‫نظام‬ ), also known as
Hazrat Nizamuddin, was a
famous Sufi saint of theChishti
Order in the Indian
Subcontinent, an order that
believed in drawing close to
God through renunciation of the
world and service to humanity.
He is one of the great saints of
the Chishti order in India.His
predecessors wereFariduddin
Ganjshakar,Bakhtiyar
Kaki andMoinuddin Chishti. In
that sequence, they constitute
the initial spiritual chain
or silsila of the Chisti order,
widely prevalent in the Indian
subcontinent.

18. Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (1207-
1273 AD)
 (Persian ‫رومی‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫الدين‬‫جالل‬ ), also known
as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad
Balkhī ( ‫محمد‬ ‫الدين‬‫جالل‬
‫بلخى‬), Mawlānā/Mevlânâ ( ‫موالنا‬," our
master"), Mevlevî/Mawlawī ( ‫مولوی‬," my
master"), and more popularly simply
as Rumi (1207 – 17 December 1273),
was a 13th-century Persian poet,
jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian,
and Sufi mystic.[Rumi's influence
transcends national borders and ethnic
divisions: Iranians, Tajiks, Turks, Greeks,
Pashtuns, other Central Asian Muslims,
and the Muslims of South Asia have
greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for
the past seven centuries His poems have
been widely translated into many of the
world's languages and transposed into
various formats. Rumi has been
described as the "most popular poet" and
the "best selling poet" in the United
States.


19. Shah Rukn-e-Alam (1251-1335 AD)
 Sheikh Rukn-ud-Din Abul
Fateh (Persian: ‫ابوالفتح‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫رکن‬)
commonly known by the title Rukn-
e-Alam (pillar of the world) orShah
Rukn-e-Alam (King Rukn-e-Alam)
(1251-1335) was an
eminent Sufi saint
from Multan, Pakistan who belonged
to SuhrawardiyyaSufi order (tariqa).
 Shah Rukn-e-Alam was the son of
Pir Sadar-Al-Din Arif. He was born in
Multan on Friday, the 9th
ofRamadan649 Hijri(26 November
1251). He was the grandson and
successor of Sheikh Baha-ud-din
Zakariya.
 Shah Rukn-e-Alam died on Friday,
the 7th of Jumada al-awwal735 Hijri
(3 January 1335). He was buried in
the mausoleum of his grandfather,
according to his own will

20. Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn ud-Dīn
Khusrow (1253–1325 AD)
 Hindi अमीर ख़ुसरौ,
(Urdu: ‫خسرو‬ ‫الدين‬‫يمين‬ ‫ابوالحسن‬ ),
better known as Amīr
Khusraw (also Khusrow,
Hazrat Khusrow, Ameer
Khusru) Dehlawī(meaning
Amir Khusrau of Delhi) ( ‫امير‬
‫دہلوی‬ ‫خسرو‬) was
aSufi musician, poet and
scholar. He was an iconic
figure in the cultural history
of the Indian subcontinent.
He was a mystic and a
spiritual disciple
ofNizamuddin
Auliya of Delhi. He wrote
poetry primarily in Persian,
but also inHindi. A
vocabulary in verse,
the Ḳhāliq Bārī, containing
Arabic, Persian,
and Hindi terms is often

21. Hazarat Shah Jalal(1271-1346)
 Shāh Jalāl ad-Dīn al-Mujarrad
al Naqshbandi, popularly
known as Hazrat Shah
Jalal (Arabic: ‫جالل‬ ‫شاه‬
‫الدين‬ ,Bengali: শাহ জালাল),
(1271 CE - 15 March 1346 CE)
is a celebrated Sufi
Muslimfigure in Bengal. Jalal's
name is associated with
the spread of Islam into north-
eastern Bengal (Sylhet)
through Sufism, part of a long
history of travel between the
Middle East, Persia, Central
Asia and South Asia. According
to a tablet inscription found in
Amber Khana, he arrived at
Sylhet in 1303.The largest
airport in Bangladesh, Hazrat
Shahjalal International Airport, is
named after him

22. Nasiruddin Mahmud Chirag-e-Delhi (1274-
1356 AD)
 as a 14th-century
mystic-poet and
aSufisaint of the Chishti
Order. He was
a murid(disciple) of
noted Sufi
saint, Hazrat Nizamuddi
n Auliya, and later his
successor.He was the
last important Sufi of
theChishti
Order from Delhi.
 He was given the title,
"Roshan Chirag-e-
Delhi", which in Urdu,
means "Illuminated
Lamp ofDelhi"

23. Hazrat Khwaja Banda Nawaz Gaisu Daraz
(1321-1422 AD)
 Syed Muhammad Hussaini,
commonly known
as (Urdu: ‫گیسو‬ ‫نواز‬ ‫بندہ‬ ‫خواجہ‬
‫دراز‬ )(13 July 1321 – 1
November 1422), was a
famous Sufi saint
from India of the Chishti
Order, who advocated
understanding, tolerance and
harmony among various
religious groups.
 Gaisu Daraz was
a murid(disciple) of the noted
Sufi saint of Delhi,
HazratNasiruddin Chiragh
Dehlavi. After the death of
Chiragh Dehlavi, Gaisu
Daraz took on the mantle of
the successor (khalifa).
When he moved
toDaulatabad around 1398

24. Makhdoom Ali Mahimi ( 1372 to 1431 A.D
)
 was a saint and scholar of international
repute. He lived during the time of the
Tuglaq dynasty and that of Sultan Ahmed
Shah of Gujarat, and was married to
Sultan sister. He is widely acknowledged
for his scholarly treatises, liberal views
and humanist ideals. Mahimi was born
into a family ofArab travelers from Iraq
who had settled down on the island
of Mahim, one of the seven islands that
later formed the city of Bombay
(nowMumbai).
 Mahimi was the first Indian scholar to
write an exegesis on the Qur'an, which
gained critical acclimation from numerous
Islamic scholars including Shah Waliullah
Dehlavi. Authoring a total of nineteen
books, he was given the moniker Qutub-e
-Kokan (Kokan's Pole Star). He was the
first commentator of the Holy Quran in
India. His commentary is known
throughout the World and is called
"Tafsirur Rahman." It is Unique among all
the commentary of QURAN known to
Scholars. Which is available in Al Azhar
University Cairo and Ummul-Qura
University, Makka

25. Hazrat Pir Baba (1431-1502 AD)
 (Pashto:‫بابا‬ ‫پير‬ ), Pir
Baba is/was the great
Sufi spiritual saint real
name "Hazrat Syed Ali
Shah Tirmizi of Silsila
Tariqat (Chain) of
Kabravia, Chasti
Nizami. Muqam
(Martaba) Gaus,
Shahenshah Khurasan
(Rahmatullahi Allaih)" {
Birth Hijri 908 and
Death Hijri 991 }. He
was born in 1431 AD

26. Syed Muhammad Ibrahim bin Syed
Fatehullah Kirmani (1513–1575 AD )
 more popularly known
as ShaikhDaud
Bandagi
Kirmani was a
famous 16th-century
saint of
theQadiri order.

27. Baba Sain Mir Mohammed Sahib(c. 1550
– 22 August 1635 AD),
 popularly known as Mian
Mir orMiyan Mir, was a
famous SufiMuslim saint who
resided inLahore, specifically
in the town ofDharampura (in
present-dayPakistan). He
was a direct descendant
of Caliph Umar ibn al-
Khattab. He belonged to
the Qadiriorder of Sufism. He
is famous for being a
spiritual instructor of Dara
Shikoh, the eldest son
of Mughalemperor Shah
Jahan] He is identified as the
founder of theMian
Khail branch of the Qadiri
order. His younger sister Bibi
Jamal Khatun was a disciple
of his and a notable Sufi
saint in her own right

28. Khwaja Baqi Billah(1563-1603 AD)
 was a Sufisaint from Kabul.
Khawaja Baqi Billah was the
originator and pioneer of
the Naqshbandi Order in the
sub-continent. His name
was Razi-ud-Din Muhammad
Baqi but he was commonly
known as Khwaja Baqi Billah.
His father Qāzī Abd as-Salām
Samarqandī was a famous
scholar and saint of Kabul.
Khawaja Baqi Billah was born in
Kabul in 1563 A.D. His lineage
reaches Khawja Ubaid Ullah
Ahrar through his maternal
grandfather. He was named by
his parents “Muhammad al-
Bāqī” and later became popular
with the name “Bāqī Billāh”.
Histakhallus(pen name) was
"Berang" (which literally means
colorless or transparent).[5]


29. Dara Shikoh (Hindi दारा शिकोह), (Urdu: ‫كوه‬ِ‫ش‬ ‫دارا‬ ),( Persian: ‫دارا‬
‫شكوه‬ )M 20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659 Julian/9 September
1659 Gregorian)
 was the eldest son and
the heir-apparent of the fifth
Mughal Emperor Shah
Jahan. His name ‫شكوه‬ ‫دارا‬
inPersian means "as
magnificent as Dara". He
was favoured as a successor
by his father shah jahan and
his elder sister
Princess Jahanara Begum
Sahib, but was defeated and
later killed by his younger
brother Prince Muhiuddin
(later, the
Emperor Aurangzeb) in a
bitter struggle for the imperial
throne.
 The course of the history of
the Indian subcontinent, had
Dara Shikoh prevailed over
Aurangzeb, has been a

30. Sultan Bahoo ( 1630-1691 AD)
 Sultan Bahu (also
spelledBahoo; ca
1630–1691) an Islamic
Saint was also
aSufi mystic, poet and
scholar active mostly in
the present-
day Punjabprovince
of Pakistan. He
belonged to the Sufi
orderknown as Qadiri,
and the mystic tradition
he started has been
known asSarwari

31. Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai ( 1689-1752 AD)
 Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai(also
referred to by the
honorifics: Lakhino Latif,Latif
Ghot, Bhittai, and Bhitt Jo Shah)
(1689 – 1752) (Sindhi: ‫عبداللطيف‬ ‫شاه‬
‫ڀٽائي‬ ,Urdu: ‫بھٹائی‬ ‫عبداللطيف‬ ‫شاه‬ )was a
noted SindhiSufi scholar, mystic,
saint, and poet, widely considered to
be the greatest Muslim poet of
theSindhi language. His collected
poems were assembled in the
compilation Shah Jo Risalo, which
exists in numerous versions and has
been translated intoEnglish, Urdu,
and other languages. His work has
been compared frequently to that of
the Persian poet Rūmī.Seyyed
Hossein Nasr, Professor of Islamic
studies atGeorge Washington
University, described Shah Latif as a
"direct emanation of Rūmī's
spirituality in South Asia

32. Shah Waliulah Dehlawi (Feb 1703-1762
AD)
 Syed Quṭb ad-Dīn
Aḥmad Walī Allāh
ibn ‘Abd ar-Raḥīm
al-‘Umarī ad-
Dihlawī (Arabic: ‫قطب‬
‫عبد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫ولي‬ ‫أحمد‬ ‫الدين‬
‫الدهلوي‬ ‫العمري‬ ‫الرحيم‬ ;
1703–1762), commonly
known as Shah
Waliullah Dehlawi,
was an Islamic
scholar, muhaddith an
dreformer

33. Hazrat Imam Raza Barelvi ( (1856-1921)
 Ahmed Raza Khan
Barelvi (Urdu: ‫رضاخان‬ ‫احمد‬
‫بريلوی‬ ,Hindi: अहमद रजा खान, 14
June 1856 CE or
10Shawwal 1272 AH - 28 October
1921 CE or 25Safar 1340 AH), also
known as Imam Ahmed Raza
Khan, Imam Ahmed Raza Khan
Qadri, orAla'Hazrat, was
a Muslimscholar, Sufi, and reformer
in British India.
The Barelvimovement within Sunni
Islam is attributed to him.[3][4][5] Raza
Khan wrote on numerous topics,
including law, religion, philosophy
and the sciences. He was a prolific
writer, Mufti (jurist) producing nearly
1,000 works in his lifetime.[4]


34. Meher Ali Shah (1859-1937 AD)
 Meher Ali Shah (Urdu: ‫پير‬
‫شاه‬ ‫على‬ ‫مہر‬ )( born
1 Ramadan 1275 A.H., i.e.,
14 April 1859 in Golra
Sharifdied in May 1937[was
a Sufischolar from Pakistan
belonging to
the Chishtiorder. He is
known as a Hanafi scholar
upholding the position
of Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi and a
leader of the anti-
Ahmadiyya movement. He
wrote several books, most
notably Saif e
Chishtiyai ("The Sword of the
Chishti Order"), a polemical
work criticizing
the Ahmadiyya Muslim
movement of Mirza Ghulam
Ahmad.