Nectarine insects A Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS) By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Pakistan

2. Nectarine Injurious
Insects
A
Lecture To ToT
trainees ( FFS)
By
Mr. Allah Dad Khan
Provincial Coordinator

3. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH
GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA
 Symptoms
 Wilting shoot tips ("flagging") caused by insect feeding; insect frass may be visible
around entry holes burrows in fruit which cause the fruit to be soft, mushy and
discolored; adult insect is a small gray moth; larvae are initially white with a black head
but turn pink with a brown head as they mature
 Cause Insect Comments
 Orietal fruit moths overwinter as mature larvae inside protective cocoons in protected
areas of trees or in leaf debris on the ground; insect may undergo six or more
generations per year
 Management Management of the oriental fruit moth usually involves the application of
insecticides or the use of mating disruptants; commercial growers should monitor
moth numbers using pheromone traps and apply insecticide if average number of
moths exceeds 10 per trap; chemical sprays should not be applied within 14 days of
harvest
 Oriental fruit moth larva inside
peach

4. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH
Flagging caused by oriental
fruit moth strike
Oriental fruit moth larva and
damge to shoot tip

5. SCALE INSECTS (WHITE PEACH SCALE, SAN JOSE SCALE)
PSEUDAULACASPIS PENTAGONA
QUADRASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS
 Scale insects cause damage by feeding on twigs,
branches and fruit on peach trees, injecting toxins into
the plant as they do so; if the infestation is heavy,
gumming may occur on the bark and twigs or entire
branches can be killed; insects are flattened discs, or
"scales" with no visible legs; scales produce a white
waxy coating which eventually turns black (black cap
stage)
 Cause
 Insect
 Comments
 Scale insects overwinter in the black cap stage; winged
adult males mate with females which retain their eggs
inside the body until they hatch
 Management
 Populations are often kept in check by natural enemies,
including predacious beetles and some wasps - although
broad-spectrum insecticides may result in outbreaks of
scale by killing off populations of beneficial insects;
peach trees can be sprayed with horticultural oils when
dormant which effectively kill scales without damaging
natural enemies

Symptoms Damage to fruit caused by San
Jose scale

6. WHITE PEACH SCALE
White peach scale on peach
branch infestation

7. WHITE PEACH SCALE
Damage to fruit caused by San
Jose scale White peach scale infestation

8. CODLING MOTH (CYDIA POMONELLA)
 Codling moth (Order Lepidoptera, Family Tortricidae) is the most serious pest
of apple and pear worldwide (Fig. 1). In most commercial fruit producing
regions and home yards in Utah, fruit must be protected to harvest a crop.
Insecticides are the main control tactic. There are new insecticides available,
many of which are less toxic to humans and beneficial insects and mites than
earlier insecticides. For commercial orchards with more than 10 acres of
contiguous apple and pear plantings, pheromone-based mating disruption
can greatly reduce codling moth populations to allow reduced insecticide use

9. CODLING MOTH
(Fig. 1) Codling moth adult (Fig. 2) Codling moth larva

10. PEACH TWIG BORER
 Peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella) is found
worldwide wherever stone fruits are grown. In Utah,
it is a significant pest on peach, nectarine, and
apricot. There are typically three generations of
peach twig borer in northern Utah (May-June, July,
and August-September) and four or more in
southern Utah. Young larvae (Fig. 1) that have
overwintered emerge from protected shelters on
limbs and twigs during bloom to petal-fall and
burrow into developing shoots (Fig. 2). When
populations are high, spring larval feeding can
cause substantial damage to trees. The first adults
are usually detected during April in southern Utah
and May in northern Utah. Economic yield loss
occurs during the summer when larvae of
subsequent generations attack the fruit (Fig. 3).
Insecticides are currently the most effective control
tactic. Lower toxicity insecticides such as microbial
products (Bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad) and
insect growth regulators (methoxyfenozide,
diflubenzuron, and others) can provide excellent
control when timed with early larval feeding and
egg hatch.
Damage
(Fig. 1) Young peach twig
borer larva on peach

11. PRIONUS ROOT BORER (PRIONUS CALIFORNICUS)
 Prionus root borers belong
to a family of beetles (Order
Coleoptera) commonly
known as long-horned
beetles
(Cerambycidae). The
larvae are often referred to
as round-headed borers
because their body shape is
cylindrical.
 Several species in the
Prionus genus are large,
root-boring beetles, and
they are widely distributed
Damage
Fig. 1) Adult prionus root borer, female (left) with
ovipositor extended, and male (right) with larger
antennae for detecting female sex pheromone.

12. LARVVAE
 (Fig. 2) Prionus larvae of various ages, ¾ - 4¼
inches long.