Carl Linnaeus system of artificial classification of plants

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2. Artificial System of
Classification
Carolus Linnaeus
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3. Presented To: Ma’am Aneeqa
Presented By: Farhan Ahmed Tahir (02)
Presented By: Muhammad Anwaar Arshad (04)
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4. CAROLUS LINNEAUS
 Born May 22, 1707 in Rashult, Sweden
 Father of Taxonomy
 Produced his sexual system of classification (Artificial Classification)
 Invented binomial nomenclature
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5. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL PLANT
CLASSIFICATION
Method of classifying plants based on a limited number of their
physical and sexual characteristics
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6. BASICS
 ‘Sexual’ system
 Divided plants into 24 classes
 Classes based largely on the amount, union and length of stamens
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7. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Monandria
Canna or canna lily is the
only genus of flowering
plants in the family
Cannaceae, consisting of
10 species. All of the
genus's species are native
to the American
tropics and naturalized in
Europe, India and Africa
in the 1860s.
With one stamen Canna, Lemna
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8. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Diandria
Lepidium is a genus of plants
in the mustard/cabbage
family, Brassicaceae. The
genus is widely distributed in
the Americas, Africa, Asia,
Europe, and Australia. It
includes familiar species such
as garden cress, maca,
and dittander.
General common
names include peppercress,
peppergrass, pepper weed,
and pepperwort.
With two stamens Veronica, Lapidium
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9. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Triandria
Iris is a flowering plant genus of
310 accepted species with
showy flowers. As well as being
the scientific name, iris is also
widely used as a common name
for all Iris species, as well as
some belonging to other closely
related genera Nearly all species
are found in temperate Northern
Hemisphere zones,
from Europe to Asia and across
North America.
Uses: They are also used
in various traditional
medicines for the treatment
of inflammations, cancer,
bacterial and viral infections,
and other diseases.
With three stamens Iris, Grasses
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10. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Tetrandria
Elms are deciduous and semi-
deciduous trees comprising the
genus Ulmus in the
family Ulmaceae. They are
distributed over most of the
Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting
the temperate and tropical-
montane regions of North
America and Eurasia, presently
ranging southward in the Middle
East to Lebanon and Israel,[1] and
across the Equator in the Far East
into Indonesia.
Uses: Elm wood is valued for its
interlocking grain, and
consequent resistance to
splitting, with significant uses
in wagon-wheel
hubs, chair seats, and coffins.
With four stamens Ulmus, Protea
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11. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Pentandria
Ipomoea is the largest genus in the
plant family Convolvulaceae, with
over 600 species. It is a large and
diverse group, with common names
including morning glory, water
convolvulus or water spinach, sweet
potato, bindweed, moonflower, etc
The genus occurs throughout the
tropical and sub tropical regions of
world.
Uses: Most species have spectacular,
colorful flowers, and are often grown
as ornamentals, and a number
of cultivars have been developed.
Their deep flowers attract
large Lepidoptera - especially
the Sphingidae, such as the pink-
spotted hawk moth (Agrius cingulata)
- or even hummingbirds.
With five stamens Ipomoea,Primula
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12. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Hexandria
Lilium is
a genus of herbaceous flowering
plants growing from bulbs, all
with large prominent flowers.
They are the true lilies. Lilies are
a group of flowering plants
which are important in culture
and literature in much of the
world. Most species are native to
the Northern Hemisphere and
their range is temperate
climates and extends into
the subtropics.
Uses: Lily bulbs are starchy and
edible as root vegetables, though
bulbs of some species may be too
bitter to eat.
With six stamens Lilium,Allisma
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13. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Heptandria
Lysimachia
borealis (synonym Trientalis
borealis), the starflower, is a North
American woodland perennial that
blooms between May and June.
Lysimachia borealis is found from
Canada to north-central and eastern
United States. It is found
in temperate climates
Uses: Starflower has virtually no
edible uses and very limited
medicinal uses. It was not widely
used for medicinal purposes by
native American groups. However,
several groups are said to have used
it as a treatment for ailments of the
eye
With seven stamens Trientalis
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14. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Octandria
Vaccinium is a common and
widespread genus of shrubs or dwarf
shrubs in the heath
family (Ericaceae).. The genus
contains about 450 species,[17] which
are found mostly in the cooler areas of
the Northern Hemisphere, although
there are tropical species from areas
as widely separated
as Madagascar and Hawaii. The genus
is distributed worldwide except for
Australia and Antarctica.
Uses: The plants bear edible berries
that are high in nutritive value and are
obviously of dietary use. The plants
are of medicinal use in treating
several diseases like diabetes, several
ocular diseases, and vascular
disorders.
With eight stamens Vaccinium
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15. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Enneandria
Rheum is a genus of about
60 herbaceous perennial plants in the
family Polygonaceae. Species are
native to eastern Europe, southern and
eastern temperate Asia, with a few
reaching into northern tropical
Asia. Rheum is cultivated in Europe
and North America. The genus
includes the vegetable rhubarb.
Uses: Many Rheum species have food
and medicinal uses. Some of these
uses originated in Asia more than
2,000 years ago. All parts of the plant
contain slightly poisonous oxalic acid,
but its concentration in the leaf stems
or petioles used in food preparation is
very low, and their tart flavor instead
is caused by nontoxic malic acid.
With nine stamens Rheum,Ranunculus
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16. Class Characters Examples
Decandria
Oxalis is a large genus of flowering
plants in the wood-sorrel
family Oxalidaceae, comprising over
550 species.The genus occurs
throughout most of the world, except
for the polar areas; species diversity is
particularly rich in
tropical Brazil, Mexico, and South
Africa.
Uses: Several species are grown
as pot plants or as ornamental
plants in gardens, for example, O.
versicolor.
With ten stamens Oxalis
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17. MUHAMMAD ANWAAR ARSHAD
ROLL NO 04
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18. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Dodecandria
Reseda also known as
the mignonette is a genus of
fragrant herbaceous plants native
to Europe, southwest
Asia and North Africa, from
the Canary
Islands and Iberia east to
northwest India.
Uses: Mignonette flowers are
extremely fragrant. It is grown
for the sweet ambrosial scent of
its flowers. It is used in flower
arrangements, perfumes and potp
ourri.
With 11-19 stamens Reseda,Calla
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19. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Icosandria
A rose is either a
woody perennial flowering
plant of the genus Rosa in the
family Rosaceae or the flower it
bears. There are over three
hundred species and tens of
thousands of cultivars.
Uses: Roses are best known
as ornamental plants grown for
their flowers in the garden and
sometimes indoors. They have
been also used for commercial
perfumery and commercial cut
flower crops.
Stamens 20 or more,on the
calyx
Rosa,Rubus
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20. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Polyandria
Tilia is a genus of about 30
species of trees or bushes, native
throughout most of
the temperate Northern
Hemisphere. The tree is known
as linden for the European
species, and basswood for North
American species.
Uses: Linden trees produce soft
and easily worked timber, which
has very little grain and a density
of 560 kg/m3.It was often used
by Germanic tribes for
constructing shields. It is a
popular wood for model building
and for intricate carving.
Stamens 20 or more on the
receptacle Tilia,Papaver
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21. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Didynamia
The Lamiaceae or Labiatae are
a family of flowering
plants commonly known as
the mint, deadnettle or sage fam
ily. Many of the plants
are aromatic in all parts and
include widely used
culinary herbs like basil, mint, ro
semary, sage, savory, marjoram,
oregano.
Uses: Several medicinal
properties have been attributed to
this plant. Essential oil of tulsi
has been reported to possess
100% larvicidal activity against
the Culex mosquitoes. Trials
have shown excellent
antimalarial activity of tulsi.
Stamens didynamous;2
short, 2 long Labiatae
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22. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Tetradynamia
Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a
medium-sized and economically
important family of flowering
plants commonly known as
the mustards, the crucifers, or
the cabbage family. Brassicaceae can
be found almost on the entire land
surface of the planet, but the family is
absent from Antarctica, and also
absent from some areas in the tropics
i.e. northeastern Brazil, the Congo
basin, Maritime Southeast Asia and
tropical Australasia.
Uses: This family includes important
agricultural crops, among which many
vegetables such
as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale
, Brussels sprouts, collard
greens, Savoy, kohlrabi.
Stamens tetradynamous;4 long, 2
short
Cruciferae
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23. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Monadelphia
Malvaceae , or the mallows, is a
family of flowering
plants estimated to contain 244
genera with 4225 known species.
Most species are found
in Mexico, tropical Central and
South America, Africa,
Madagascar, India, south east
and east Asia, Papuasia and
Australia.
Uses: Hibiscus is used for treating
loss of appetite, colds, heart and
nerve diseases, upper respiratory
tract pain and swelling
(inflammation), fluid retention,
stomach irritation, and disorders of
circulation
Stamens Monadelphous
united in 1 group Malvaceae(Hibiscus)
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24. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Diadephia
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,co
mmonly known as the legume, pea,
or bean family, are a large and
agriculturally
important family of flowering
plants with about 765 genera and
nearly 20,000 known species. The
Fabaceae have an essentially
worldwide distribution, being
found everywhere except
Antarctica and the high Arctic.
Uses: Several species of Fabaceae
are used to produce dyes. The
heartwood of
logwood, Haematoxylon
campechianum, is used to produce
red and purple dyes.
The histological stain
called haematoxylin is produced
from this species.
Stamens diadelphous; united in 2
groups Fabaceae
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25. Class Characters Examples
Polyadelphia
Hypericum is
a genus of flowering plants in
the family Hypericaceae (former
ly considered a subfamily
of Clusiaceae).The genus has a
nearly worldwide distribution,
missing only
from tropical lowlands, deserts a
nd polar regions.
Uses: Depression. Taking
specific St. John's wort extracts
by mouth is effective for mild or
moderate depression. Certain St.
John's wort products might work
as well as some prescription
drugs and might cause fewer side
effects.
Stamens polyadelphous
united in 3 or more groups Hypericum
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26. Class Characters Examples
Syngenesia
The family Asteraceae, with the
original name Compositae,[5] consists
of over 32,000 known species
of flowering plants in over 1,900
genera within the order Asterales.
Asteraceae species have a widespread
distribution, from subpolar to tropical
regions in a wide variety of habitats.
Most occur in hot desert and cold or
hot semi-desert climates, and they are
found on every continent but
Antarctica.
Uses: Asteraceae is an economically
important family, providing products
such as cooking oils, leaf
vegetables like lettuce, sunflower
seeds, artichokes, sweetening agents,
coffee substitutes and herbal teas.
Stamens syngenesious; united
by anthers only Compositae
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27. Class Characters Examples
Gynandria
Orchids are plants that belong to
the family Orchidaceae.a
diverse and widespread group
of flowering plants with blooms
that are often colourful and
fragrant. It contains about 28,000
currently
accepted species distributed
across 763 genera.
Uses: The scent of orchids is
frequently analysed
by perfumers (using headspace
technology and gas-liquid
chromatography/mass
spectrometry) to identify
potential fragrance chemicals.
Stamens united with the
gynoecium Orchidaceae
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28. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Monoecia
Morus, a genus of flowering
plants in the family Moraceae,
consists of diverse species
of deciduous trees commonly
known as mulberries, growing
wild and under cultivation in
many temperate world regions.
Uses: White mulberry leaves are
the preferred feedstock for
silkworms, and are also cut for
food for livestock (cattle, goats,
etc.) in areas where dry seasons
restrict the availability of ground
vegetation.
The leaves are prepared as tea in
Korea. The fruit are also eaten,
often dried or made into wine.
Plants monoecious Morus(Mulberry),Typha
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29. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Dioecia
Willows, also
called sallows and osiers, of
the genus Salix, comprise around
350 species (plus numerous
hybrids) of
typically deciduous trees
and shrubs, found primarily on
moist soils in cold
and temperate regions.
Uses: The bark of some species
of Salix trees has been used for
treating inflammatory and
arthritis-related conditions since
ancient times.
Plants dioecious Salix,Juniperus
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30. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Polygamia
Acer palmatum, commonly known
as Japanese maple,palmate
maple, or smooth Japanese maple
is a species of woody plant native
to Japan, Korea, China,
eastern Mongolia, and
southeast Russia.
Uses: These plants have been
traditionally used to treat a wide
range of diseases in East Asia and
North America. Moreover, clinical
studies have shown that medicinal
plants belonging to Acer are highly
effective in the treatment of
rheumatism, bruises, hepatic
disorders, eye disease, and pain,
and in detoxification.
Plants polygamous Acer
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31. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Cryptogamia
A cryptogam (scientific
name Cryptogamae) is a plant
(in the wide sense of the word) or
a plant-like organism that
reproduces by spores, without
flowers or seeds.
Uses: Ferns have historically been
used extensively by humans
as ornamental plants, in domestic
utensils, in handicrafts, as
components of cosmetic formulations
and foodstuffs, and for medicinal
purposes. cryptogams are known to
be good bioindicators (e.g., of
substrates; of plant community
conditions; or of air, water, and soil
pollution) and are used in various
environmental studies.
Flowerless Plants Fern,Algae,Fungi
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