2. Adjuncts
• Grammar of English (and of languages
generally) usually recognise numerous
different kinds of adjuncts. Adjuncts usually
have the form of AdvPs, PPs or subordinated
clauses, certain kinds (e.g. the adjuncts of
time) can also take the form of the NPs. Thus
in We arrive there this evening the NP this
evening has the same function as PP at
midnight.
3. Adjuncts
• The following examples are illustrative of
the categories to be found, but the list is
not intended to be exhaustive:
1) She spoke [very slowly]. Manner
2) I cut it [ with the bread-knife ]. Instrument
4. Adjuncts
• 3) She travelled [ with her father]. Comitative
Note: Comitative adjuncts indicate accompaniment
• 4) We arrive there [at midnight]. Time
• 5) He slept [for twelve hours]. Duration
• 6) She gets it right [more often than not].
Frequency
• 7) He left early [so as not to miss her].
Purpose
5. Adjuncts
• 8) I went home [because I had no money left].
• Reason
• 9) I like it [enormously]. Degree
• 10) It bounces [ if you drop it]. Condition
• 11) It was a dead loss [from my point of view].
• Viewpoint
• 12) He took the early train [perhaps ]. Modal
• 13) He liked her, [nevertheless]. Connective
