2. FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
• BIRTH - 15 OCTOBER 1844, GERMANY.
• DEATH - 25 AUGUST 1900.
• IMP WRITINGS - HUMAN ALL TOO HUMAN (1878), GAY SCIENCE (1882), THUS SPOKE
ZARATHUSTRA (1883), THE TWILIGHT OF IDOLS (1889), HE ANTICHRIST (1895).
• ATHEIST. FAMOUS FOR HIS CRITICISMS OF TRADITIONAL EUROPEAN MORAL COMMITMENTS,
TOGETHER WITH THEIR FOUNDATIONS IN CHRISTIANITY.
• NIETZSCHE AIMS AT FREEING HIGHER HUMAN BEINGS FROM THEIR FALSE CONSCIOUSNESS ABOUT
MORALITY.
5. AIMS OF THE CHAPTER
• TO UNDERSTAND THE PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND OF NIETZSCHE.
• TO UNDERSTAND THE FACTORS AND PERSONS WHO INFLUENCED NIETZSCHE.
• TO UNDERSTAND NIETZSCHE’S GROWTH AS A PHILOSOPHER.
6. 1.1 INFLUENCES.
• 1.1.1. FAMILY INFLUENCE.
• 1.1.2. RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE.
• 1.1.3 PHILOSOPHICAL INFLUENCE.
• 1.1.3.1 ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER.
• 1.1.3.2 RICHARD WAGNER.
• 1.1.3.3 CHARLES DARWIN.
• 1.1.4 ARTISTIC INFLUENCE.
7. 1.1.1. FAMILY INFLUENCE.
• LUTHERAN HOUSEHOLD.
• SPENT THE MAJORITY OF HIS CHILDHOOD WITH FIVE WOMEN.
• TWO TYPES OF RELIGIOUS FAITH.
• HIS PHILOSOPHY HAS BEEN VIEWED AS A CONSCIOUS REBELLION AGAINST A
SEVERE, AUTHORITARIAN, AND STRICTLY RELIGIOUS-CENTERED
CHILDHOOD.
8. 1.1.2. RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE.
• RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHER.
• RELIGIOUS CRITICISM OUTLOOK.
• LUTHERAN UPBRINGING – THE STUDY OF THEOLOGY, LUTHER AS A HERO,
RELIGIOUS METAPHORS IN WRITING.
9.
10. 1.1.3 PHILOSOPHICAL INFLUENCE.
• SPIRIT OF INQUIRY STARTS WITH HIS INVOLVEMENT IN THE FIELD OF
PHILOLOGY.
• LATER IT TRANSFORMS INTO THE FIELD OF PHILOSOPHY.
• PHILOLOGY- A BRANCH OF KNOWLEDGE THAT DEALS WITH THE STRUCTURE, HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT,
AND RELATIONSHIPS OF A LANGUAGE OR LANGUAGES.
11. 1.1.3.1ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER
• PHILOSOPHER OF PESSIMISM.
• AN ADVOCATE OF A METAPHYSICAL DOCTRINE OF THE WILL IN RESPONSE TO
HEGELIAN IDEALISM.
• THE WORLD AS WILL AND IDEA.
12. • LIKE SCHOPENHAUER, NIETZSCHE PRESENTED THE PICTURE OF THE PHILOSOPHER
WHO WILL STOP AT NOTHING IN THE SEARCH FOR TRUTH, HOWEVER PAINFUL THAT
MIGHT BE.
• SCHOPENHAUER’S STYLE OF WRITING, PERHAPS MORE THAN THE CONTENT,
INFLUENCED NIETZSCHE’S STYLE AND PROVIDED A DEMONSTRATION THAT ONE CAN
WRITE PHILOSOPHY AND ALSO WRITE WELL.
• NIETZSCHE SEEMINGLY ADOPTED THE PRIMACY OF THE WILL, THE CORE TEACHING OF
SCHOPENHAUER, AS THE MOTIVATING FORCE, AND THIS BECAME THE WILL TO POWER.
13. 1.1.3.4 Richard Wagner.
• GERMAN COMPOSER.
• MUSICAL THEORIST.
• A FATHER FIGURE FOR NIETZSCHE.
• HE RECOGNIZED THE COMPOSER’S EGO AS THE NEED TO DOMINATE OTHERS AND
EXERT HIS POWER OVER THEM.
• NIETZSCHE’S RELATIONSHIP WITH WAGNER INFECTED HIS EARLY WRITINGS – THE
BIRTH OF TRAGEDY.
• REALIZATION AND CRITICISM.
14. 1.1.3.3 Charles Darwin.
• HISTORY OF MATERIALISM - F.A. LANGE
• NIETZSCHE WAS STRUCK BY THE POSSIBLE HAZARDS CONTAINED IN DARWINIAN
THINKING, ESPECIALLY THE DENIAL OF ANY CARDINAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAN
AND ANIMAL.
• WILL TO POWER VS WILL TO STRUGGLE.
15. 1.1.4 ARTISTIC INFLUENCE.
• LITERARY ARTISTS AMONG PHILOSOPHERS.
• PHILOLOGIST.
• NIETZSCHE BELIEVES THAT ART, TOGETHER WITH OUR INSTINCTUAL SIDE, CAN
ALSO PROVIDE US WITH INSIGHTS THAT ARE NOT ACCESSIBLE THROUGH
REASON.
• ACCORDING TO NIETZSCHE, ART IS FUNDAMENTALLY CREATIVE AND ENABLES
THE PREPARATION FOR THE CREATION OF SENSATIONS AND WAYS OF LIVING
THAT REFLECT HUMANKIND'S HIGHEST POTENTIAL.