د ثروت الشيمي

2. *it is a disease of large & small ruminants
*calves above 5 month & yearling are most commonly affected
*in sheep → age from 4-12 months are highly susceptable
*suckling age not susceptible
Clinical signs:
1-in acute case (common in sheep(
-sudden death without any signs
-or death after few days of signs as:
a(dullness b(weakness
c(↓ appetite d(pale M.M
2-in chronic case:
*severe emaciation & ↓ in milk production
*edma in submandibular space (bottle jaw(
*pale M.M or icteric
*in cattle → diarrhea *in sheep → shedding of the wool

3. D.D
)1(Chronic cases from:
*nutritional deficiency of cobalt & copper:
*internal parasites *chronic salmonelosis
*Johne`s disease
)2(Acute cases:
=from diseases causing sudden deathes as:
*anthrax
*entertoxemia
*black disease (infectious necrotic hepatitis(

4. Treatment
*by using anthelmentic drugs ( flukicidal agent) as:
1- Fasciolid 25% or dovenix
1 cm / 25 kg /S.C repeated after 30 days
2- Rafoxanid 7.5% or ranid
1 cm / 25 kg /S.C
3- Albendazol 2.5% suspension
20 ml /50 kg orally in cattle
3 cm / 10 kg in sheep
4- Ivomac super
1 cm / 50 kg /cattle/ S.C
½ cm / 25 kg / sheep / S.C