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Cycling towards a smart nation
- 1. CYCLING TOWARDS A SMART NATION: INSIGHTS FROM SINGAPORE May, 2018
- 2. INTRODUCTION The introduction and growth of dockless bikeshare in Singapore over the past year has supported the nation’s plans to become a car-lite, digitally connectedandinnovation-focusedrolemodelcountry. Dockless bikeshare is helping Singapore harness digital technologies to buildclosercommunities,empowercitizens,andencouragebusinessesto grow. Mobikeleveragesitstechnologyanddatatoreachmaximumefficiency,pro- viding insights to the government, communities and business partners, whilepromotingtheuseofbikesasacommutingmethod. Increasingtheconvenience,reliabilityandaffordabilityofpublictransporta- tionsupportsSingapore’s questtobethemostlivablecityonEarth,benefit- ingitscitizensanditsbusinessesalike.
- 3. The shift in urban mobility thinking towards greater integration of cycling alsosupportstheUNSustainableDevelopmentGoals,especially: Goal#11:Makingcitiesinclusive,safe,resilientandsustainable; Goal#13:Takingurgentactiontocombatclimatechangeanditsimpacts. CooperationagreementsbetweenMobikeandUNEnvironmentaswellas theWorldResourcesInstitutefacilitatethehealthydevelopmentofthebike- shareindustry,withincivilsociety’sSharedMobilityPrinciples. Withgrowingglobalsupport,cityofficials,institutions,andcommunitiesall aroundtheworldfollowingSingapore’sexample,aneraof“newmobility”is emerging.
- 4. KEY TAKEAWAYS Thisreportlooksat1yearofdata,andcontainsthreeparts. 75%ofMobikersusedcarsless. 9 out of 10 say Mobike has made access to other forms of public transportationeasier. Sincelaunch,MobikersinSingaporehavecycled11,680,000kms Working insynergywiththegovernment on installing parking zones, developing infrastructure, and maintaining role model operations is keyforahealthysystem. Mobikeleveragesbigdatainsightstorecommendpreferredareasfor thegovernmenttoimplementadditionalparkingspaces. Mobikedevelopsdataanalyticstoolsthatcansupportdecisionmakers incarryingouttheirresponsibilities. Thekeytakeawaysofthisreportare: HowdidMobikeweaveitselfintoSingapore’sfabric? HowisMobikecontributingtoSingapore’slivability? WhatisthefutureofbikeshareinSingapore?
- 5. REMARKS This paper has been prepared by Mobike in partnership with the World ResourcesInstitute, andtheBreatheLifeCampaignfromUNEnvironment. We are verythankfultoalloftheadditionalpartners who kindly helped to review the document and provided us with quotes, including NUS, VBP, PUB,SGBC,SHUandSCF. This report is completely paperless. We encourage you to consider the environmentalimpactbeforeprintingthisdocument. ThispaperanalysesMobikedatainSingaporefromMarch2017toFebruary 2018.
- 7. PART I HOW DID MOBIKE WEAVE ITSELF INTO SINGAPORE’S FABRIC?
- 8. Kelvin Tan Cheng Kian, Deputy Director National University of Singapore Congrats to Mobike’s achievements in Spore and around the world. I have seen Mobike in our campus and vicinity as I stay nearby. It has increased the number of cyclists and brought convenience to the student community. The other road users are becoming more aware of co-sharing the space with the risingcyclistsandaccommodateeachother!
- 9. TIMELINE September 2017: World Cycling Day at Marina Bay October 2017: Health Promotion Board’s National Steps Challenge™ November 2017: Clean & Green Singapore event with National Environment Agency November 2017: Friend of OCBC for OCBC Cycle 2017 October 2017: MoU with LTA, NParks and all 16 Town Councils December 2017: AXA Get Healthy Day with Mobike and to mark Singapore Book of Record for the Largest Parade of BikeShare Bicycles January 2018: Participated in the launch of the Year of Climate Action and made its Climate Action pledge January 2018: Launch of Bedok Cycling Network in collaboration with LTA August 2017: Mobike Bikeshare Partner for Singapore Coffee Festival 2017 September 2017: Mobike user goes all the way around Singapore island March 2017: Mobike launch in Singapore June 2017: Mobike bikeshare Partner for DBS Marina Regatta July 2017: Mobike introduces 3-speed gear bike at 100 days celebration event, while signing MoU with Mastercard December 2017: MoU with SingTel for strategic partnership + introduction of chainless bike April 2017: MoU with Jurong- Clementi Town Council
- 10. Steven Lim, President - Safe Cycling Task Force and VP - Safety and Education, Singapore Cycling Federation Mobike’spresenceinSingaporeisdefinitelyamuchneededaid in the government’s vision of a car-lite city. I have seen the willingness of the company to give back to society, to listen to theneedsofthecommunity,andtoworkwiththeauthoritiesto comply with local laws and make our environment a better placetolivein.
- 11. SinceMobikelaunchedonMarch21st,2017, 291 trips 11.68 million kms aroundtheEarth 60,518 trips aroundSingaporeIsland! Mobikeisnowbeingusedatleastonceasecond:thisshowshowvitalithas become. CO2 >700tonsof preventedCO2emissions That’slikeriding MobikeforthesameamountoftimeaswatchingJack Neo’sfamousmovie“AhBoystoMen”1,148,000times!Thisleadstoan extremelypositiveenvironmentalimpact, Saving300,000 litersofgasoline Planting 18,167trees! MobikersinSingaporehavecycledover SINCE LAUNCH... PARTI
- 12. SINGAPORE CHARACTERISTICS Percentageofdaily tripsperweek Weekdays Weekends FirstWeekofMay FirstWeekofOctober 0% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% This is complementary to the chart above showing the change in usage, from a leisure tool, to a commute tool, where rides tend to be shorter in lengthandintime. Average cycling distance & average trip time dropped by 60% from March 2017 to January 2018, meaning that many more users use Mobike for shortertripsnowthanayearago. 1.65 km 6.6 km/h PARTI AverageCyclingDistance AverageSpeedpertrip
- 13. Onaverageovertheyear, Aweekendtripcovers24%moredistancethanaweekdaytrip. Aweekendtriplasts32%longerthanaweekdaytrip. These are overall data points illustrating how Mobike has wovenitselfinto Singapore'stransportnetworkandbecameapartofpeople'slives. WewelcomeMobikeasavaluedpartneroftheSingaporeWorldWaterDay. Wearethankfulforitsencouragingsupportbydeployingbikesatourlaunchevent andexcitingthepublictosavewaterthroughpromocodes.Asadocklessbikeshar- ingpioneer,Mobikehasplayedanimportantroleinpromotingwaterconservation whilereducingcarbonfootprintthroughthecyclingactivity.Welookforwardto developingasustainedpartnershipwiththemforthelongterm. Mrs Cindy Keng Director 3P Network PUB Singapore’s National Water Agency SINGAPORE CHARACTERISTICS PARTI
- 15. The highest blue peak clearly shows that the most common usage during period1wasonmorningcommutes. Duringperiod2though,wecanseethatthegrowthisalmostevenlydistrib- uted,meaningthatusersstartedusingMobikeallaroundtheclock. There’s only a three month difference between periods 1 and 2, meaning that the behavioral change of people coming to see Mobike as an overall transportsolutionhappenedveryquickly! RelativeGrowth 10PMto3AM 7AMto9AM 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 5PMto8PM 11AMto1PM 15% 22% 40% 29% 25% 26% 20% 24% RELATIVE GROWTH IN TRIPS PARTI Mar2017toSep2017 Sep2017toJan2018
- 17. GenderRatio 23%74% 18-24 25-34 35-44 44-54 20% 36% 23% 11% AgeRatio 5% Prefernot tosay *3%prefernottosay. We administered a survey through the APP and social media, collecting 10,000responses: More men use Mobike, with 74% of users being male, 23% female and 3% preferring not say. Bikeshare is a gender equal means of transportation, therefore we encourage ladies to also ride Mobike to commute in Singa- pore! Themajority(55%)ofMobikeusersarerelativelyyoung,between18 and34. Atleast5%ofourusersareover55yearsold!Thisreallyhighlightsthe universalcharacterofbikeshare. 5% 55+ GENDER & AGE PARTI
- 18. Itisincredibletolearnthat75%of respondentsactuallyusecarsless nowcomparedtobefore(personal vehicle,cabs,ridesharing,etc.):¾ decreasedtheiroverallcarusage! 75% 50% 5 Car Trips 30%ofthepeoplereplaced perweekwithabikeride! ofthepeoplereplaced 1to3cartripsperweek withabikeride! USER SURVEY: CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR PARTI
- 19. Commute Health Leisure Usersbelievethatbikeshare hasmadeiteasiertoreach othermeansofpublic transportation! 9 out of 10 48% 30%22% Respondents declared that they mainly used bikeshare for commuting (48%),followedbyhealth(30%)andfinallyleisure(22%). USER SURVEY: USE CASES PARTI
- 20. 290 DAYS Singapore 2017-2018 24° 32° 80% Wind 25- 35 km/h 27° SCATTERED SHOWERS Peopleridewhatevertheweather! Thereisverylowcorrelationbetweenrainfallandridership:it’sonly16% positiveoverthepastyear. Rainfalldoesnotgenerallyreallyimpactthenumberoftripstakenon Mobikeduringoneday. Wecanassumethat: RainfallinSingaporetypicallycomesinshortbursts, Singaporeansarenotafraidtobravetherain! MOBIKE AFTER THE RAIN PARTI
- 21. Talking about the climate benefits of biking instead of taking the car, WHO estimates that around 7 million people die every year because of air pollu- tion, while 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe polluted air. Choosing to cycleinsteadofusingacarisahugemeanstochangethisstatusquo. BreatheLife is a joint campaign led by UN Environment, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Climate & Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to mobi- lize cities and individuals to protect our health and planet from the effects of airpollution. Learnmoreandtakeactiononwww.BreatheLife2030.org BREATHELIFE CAMPAIGN PARTI
- 22. Euna Lim, Resource Development Executive at Singapore Habitat for Humanity Working alongside Mobike has been an amazing experi- ence.TheyarenotonlysupportingtheUNsustainabledevel- opment goals but they are also making our lives so much easierwhenitcomestotheneedfortransportation24/7.We arethankfultoMobikeforthegreatservicetheyareprovid- ingsofar.
- 23. PART II HOW IS MOBIKE CONTRIBUTING TO SINGAPORE’S LIVABILITY?
- 24. Cyclingburnsbetween400and1,000caloriesperhour,andregularcycling improvescardiovascularfitness,muscleflexibility,jointmobility,decreases bodyfatlevels,andreducesanxietyandstresslevels.(Source) Peoplewhoadoptaphysicallyactivelifestylehaveawell-beingscore32% higherthaninactiveindividuals. Finally,recentfindingsfrom Singaporeshowthat residentswholivewithin1to 3kmsawayfromanMRT stationarehealthierand lesspronetoillness. Source:Housing DevelopmentBoardand HealthPromotionBoard A 5 year study comprising over 260,000 individu- als showed that cycling to work can cut the risk ofdevelopingheartdiseaseorcancerinhalf. (Source) Let’sputthefiguresoutlinedinPartIinperspectivewiththehealthbene- fitsassociatedwithcycling. DID YOU KNOW? PARTII (Source)
- 25. 11AMto1PMtimeperiod,September2017 UsersalloverSingaporerideMobikeforshortcommutesduringlunchtime togettotheirfavoriterestaurant 5PMto8PMtimeperiod,January2018 ThehottestareasforeveningcommuteareTuas,JurongEastandWest, CentralBusinessDistrict,PayaLebarandTampines. MOBIKE MAKES THE CITY MORE ACCESSIBLE PARTII
- 28. Zhivko Girginov, Founder of “Volunteer Bike Patrol” VolunteerBikePatrol(VBP)providespatrollingtomove,collect&retrieve indiscriminatelyparkedordamagedsharedbikes.Bike-sharingisagreat platformtomovepeoplethroughphysicalspacesandcreatenewsocial connections.Mobikehasthesmallestnumberoffaultybicycles,withonly 1%ofallbikesretrievedonMarch13/14beingfromMobike.Thehardware designissturdy,simple-yetergonomic,andofhighmanufacturingquality.
- 29. Based on Mobike data and 2016 public transportation data from LTA, we can confidently say that Mobike has at least doubled the modal shareofcyclinginSingapore,injustunder1yearofoperation! X2 themodalshareof cylinginSingapore DOUBLE PARTII
- 30. FooddeliverycompanieswillregularlyuseMobikefortheirdeliveries! We now see lots of families cycling together, with the parents using Mobike and the kids riding their own bikes! This is a touching picture of Mobike enablingfamiliestospendmoretimetogether. MOBIKERS ARE A DIVERSE CROWD PARTII
- 31. PeoplealsolovetouseMobiketojust run out for an errand, like going to thegrocerystore! PeoplewhoworkinoraroundtheCBDareaoftenuseMobiketotravelfrom onebuildingtothenext. The migrant workforce also finds Mobike a reliable means of com- mutingtogetthemtoworkontime, since the construction sites are often in public transportation blind spots. PARTII MOBIKERS ARE A DIVERSE CROWD
- 32. One key to weaving Mobike into the fabric of Singapore has also been to proactivelyworkwithprivatepartnerstoprovidebicycleparkingspaces. For example, we are currently working with foreign worker dormitories throughoutSingaporetoidentifytheseparkingspaces. We wish to meet the needs of city officials and meet safety regulations by providing a complete solution that includes bicycles as well as parking spaces. As such, making parts of Singapore more accessible through collaboration with hotels, shopping malls, maritime ports, universities and other spaces, willalsoimproveuserexperience. PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS TO EMBED MOBIKE LOCALLY PARTII
- 33. Mobike’s mission is to improve the ways in which cities are planned and operate: one effective way to do so is through a coordinated approach to increasingefficiency. Weekly meetings, sharing data insights and sharing information about our serviceareallkeyelementstoscalesuccessfully. Usingbigdatatechnology--includingheatmaps--tojustifyourregularrec- ommendationstocityauthoritiesforadditionalbikeparkingisanotherkey. The best working practices come from augmenting our learnings in maturemarketssuchasChinawithlocalknowledge. Thousands of additional bicycle parking slots are being added throughout Singapore LTA has ambitious goals to further support the growth of cycling through 2030: 75%ofallpeakhourjourneysmadeonpublictransport. Over700kmofcyclingpathsinacountry-widenetwork. Alloftheseinitiativesareaimedatincreasingpublictransportationand bicycleuseversustraditionalcars&taxis. WORKING CLOSELY WITH CITY OFFICIALS CONTRIBUTES TO LIVABILITY PARTII
- 35. ToencourageSingaporeanstoadopthealthylifestylehabitssuchasincorpo- rating more physical activity into their daily lives, The Health Promotion Board (HPB) introduced the National Steps Challenge™ to influence a shift inlifestyleandbehavioursothattakingmorestepsbecomesthenorm. Participants are also rewarded for sustained behavioural change when theyreachphysicalactivitymilestones. MobikepartneredwiththeHPBinSeason3oftheNationalStepsChallenge ™ by rewarding Singaporeans with complimentary rides to encourage themtotakeupcyclingasaformofalternatephysicalactivity. Mobike also worked with HPB to promote the National Steps Challenge™ Season 3 to Mobikers. At HPB events, Mobikes were also placed to attract participants in support of active living at the 2017 Healthy Lifestyle Festival SGanchoreventandtoencourageyoungSingaporeanstoscreenfordiabe- tes,atthelaunchoftheDiabetesRiskAssessmenttool. HOW MOBIKE WORKS WITH HEALTH PROMOTION BOARD TO PROMOTE ACTIVE LIFESTYLE PARTII
- 36. Yvonne Soh, Executive Director Singapore Green Building Council Mobike has not only addressed the last-milechallengeinpublictransport,but thegreateruseofcyclingasakeymodeof transport will help lower Singapore’s carbon emissions and contribute to our visionofacar-litefuture.
- 37. PART III WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF BIKESHARE IN SINGAPORE?
- 38. Chan Heng Loon Alan, LTA Chairman - From LTA Annual Report ‘16/’17 AsSingaporecontinuestodevelop[...]therearemany interestingdevelopments,frombike-sharingtoPersonal MobilityDevices,offeringcommuterstheconvenienceof coveringthefirstandlastmileoftheirjourneys.
- 39. Becoming a Smart Nation will require close coordination between the governmentandbusinesspartnerswhogenerate,manageandaddvalueto relevantdata. Mobike welcomes the idea of integrating more deeply with other modes of transportationtocreateamoreaninter-connectedSingapore. As a matter of fact, Mobike has used inputfromcityofficials to help develop newoperationsmodels. Highlyefficientoperationsareachievedthrough: Demand/Supplypredictionandmodeling. Committing to strict operation rules, such as mandatory redistribution ofindiscriminatelyparkedbikeswithinhalfaday. Aregulatoryframeworkbasedoncity’srequirementsandusage patterns. Rollingoutnewconnectedtechnologyatdesignatedparkingstations. Adeepcooperationmindsetiskeytoenablinganycitytopromotethegrowth ofcycling. INCREASING OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY THROUGH TECHNOLOGY PARTIII
- 40. Strengthening a scoresystemtoensurethelevelofcivilityof each user is key. This helps users to become better, more responsible community members. Forexample,userswhouploadpicturesoftheparkedbiketohelpthenext personfindit,canberewarded. This change happens alongside the provision of more cycling lanes and shared paths, as well as educational campaigns, such as “Walk, Cycle, Ride”inSingapore A relentless improvement of the methods to alleviate irresponsible behaviouriskey: Thecurrentcycling infrastructure ENHANCE Assessfinesfor violations REGULATIONS Conducteducational campaigns EDUCATION Providing parking space Reward good parking habits More shared path/pave- ment (bike and PMDs) Randomlysending“MobikeEnforcers”onthegroundtoissue warningstoanyonewhoiscaughtredhandedparkingindiscriminately orvandalisingthebikes; Buildingacommunitywhichwillincentivisethepublictoreport irresponsiblebehaviour; Suspendingtheaccountsofrepeatoffenders. CULTIVATE BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PARTIII
- 42. Another important element supporting the growth of responsible bikeshare isthetransversalcooperationbetweendifferentgovernmentbodies. InSingapore,closeinteractionbetweenMinistriessuchasMinistryofTrans- portandMinistryoftheEnvironmentandWaterResourcescanhaveaposi- tiveeffectoncycling. Singaporehasdesignated2018astheYearofClimateActionandMobikehas supportedthisinitiativewithitsclimateactionpledge. This transversal cooperation across different governmental bodies is key to raising general awareness of global environmental issues, and proposing tangiblesolutionstoalleviatethesechallenges. Singapore’s national action plan aims to reduce greenhouse emissions intensityby36%by2030(baseline2005)inaccordancewiththeParisAgree- ment,andwebelievebikeshareplaysanimportantpartinthisplan. FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE TRANSVERSAL COOPERATION PARTIII
- 43. Publictransportationblindspotanalysis Through mapping data from public buses and Mobike rides, we can analyze how Mobike fills the gaps in public transporta- tion, creating useful information for urban planningandbikedeployment. Bikesharemonitoringsystem The bikeshare monitoring system was de- veloped on the basis of Mobike's massive real-time data flows. The system supports a full range of functions such as bicycle tracking,geofencevisualization,andstatis- ticalanalysis. Bikeshare'simpactonlifestyle Bikesharing expands people's range of accessincities.Withhistoricaldataanalysis on riding and bike distribution, the circle of availability around a residence or a busi- nesscanbeexpandedandredefined. THE FUTURE OF BIKESHARE DATA ANALYSIS PARTIII
- 44. Bikinghotspotanalysisandprediction Through the analysis of real-time and historical riding data, we can accurately understand and predict trends in biking hotspots, roads travelled, and population distribution. Combinedtransportationanalysis The combination of public bus / subway with Mobike has become a very popular method of multimodal travel. Mobike's analysis can effectively predict congestion andprovidekeyinsightstooveralltraffic management. Usergroupportraits Toensuretheprivacyofourusers,ourdata analysis looks at user attributes and travel preferences of target populations in anonymized group portraits, to serve the interests of both the government and our industrypartners. THE FUTURE OF BIKESHARE DATA ANALYSIS PARTIII
- 45. If more people were to cycle, we can further decrease harmfulCO2emissions. Riding a bicycle release 5 times less CO2thantakingthebus,4timesless than the subway, and 12 times less than using a car for the same trip. (Source:ECF) If we further double the usage of bikes in Singapore over 2018, halfamil- lionpeoplewillbeusingbikestogetaroundeveryday! WHAT IF…? PARTIII
- 46. Rob De Jong, Head of Mobility Unit, UN Environment Sinceitsintroduction,bikesharinghasbecomeakey componentofSingapore’ssustainablemobilitystrategy. Sincecleanmobilityisakeycomponenttoimprovetheair quality,reduceclimateemissionsandcontributetothe implementationoftheUNSustainableDevelopmentGoals, UNEnvironmentandMobikeworktogethergloballyto promotebicyclesharingformoreefficienturbantransport.
- 47. Mobike is working with global NGOs to reach SDGs of sustainable cities & communities (goal 11), climate action (goal 13), and social equality (goal 5, 10),insomespecificareas: Providing a safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable bike-sharing systemforall. Integratingfirstandlastmilecyclingwithexpandedpublictransporta- tion networks to support inclusive urban development, link travel be- tween urban, peri-urban and rural areas, and reach more economic opportunities. Reducingairpollutionandcontributingtoclimatechangemitigationby providingagreenermeansofcommuting. Supplying an equal-access bikesharing system for all, including for women, children and the poor, especially in developing and the least developedcountries. BIKESHARING FURTHERS THE UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) PARTIII
- 49. Mobike has proactively worked with Singapore government authorities to adapt its innovative solution to local conditions, helping to fulfill the city’s originaldreamofbringinginapublicbikesharesystem. Developing our operation model in Singapore according to the local authorities’ requirements is a tangible example of how Mobike works locally, as well as working with international organizations such as the World Resources Institute and the UN Environment, to promote more cyclinginurbanenvironments. We are very proud to drive forward the public transportation landscape towards the Smart Nation goals set forth by Singapore: “Through harnessingthepowerofnetworks,dataandinfo-commtechnologies, we seek to improve living, create economic opportunity and build a closer community.” MAJULAH SINGAPURA! PARTIV