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2018 Week 14 HC-SR04
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2018 Week 14 HC-SR04
1.
超音波感測器 2018/5/31
2.
超音波 • 指高於人耳可聽見的最高頻率(20Hz至20,000 Hz)以上的聲波,被 用來偵測距離,其原理是計算發射超音波到接收超音波所需的時 間,即可算出超音波感測器到反射超音波物體之間的距離。 •
在溫度為0℃的空氣中,聲速為每秒331公尺,空氣的溫度愈高, 則聲速愈快;反之,則愈慢。且溫度每升降1℃,聲速即增減0.60 公尺/秒。 2
3.
HC-SR04 超音波 超音波模組包含發射器、接收 器和控制電路。 工作頻率40Hz。 測量距離2 -
400公分。 測量角度15度。 測量距離精確度達0.3公分。 每次觸發產生音波至少要10us 的高電位訊號。 發射器 接收器 15度 RX TX 3
4.
HC-SR04 超音波 腳位標記 腳位功能描述 VCC
5V power supply Trig Trigger Input pin Echo Receiver Output pin GND Power ground 4
5.
運作原理 Trig = HIGH
Echo = LOW Echo = HIGH 5
6.
6 ATTENTION 物體傾斜會造成距離誤判 距離偵測不會造成誤判
7.
超音波運作時序圖 Echo Pulse Output to
User Timing Circuit Sonic Burst from Module Trigger Input to Module 10uS TTL 8 Cycle Sonic Burst Input TTL Lever Signal with a Range in Proportion 7
8.
超音波測量距離
9.
9 ATTENTION 分壓電路:由於HC-SR04是以5V工作電壓而設計的感測器,而樹莓派 3的工作電壓是以3.3V為主,因此在Echo腳位的輸出則需進一步分壓後, 將5V降為3.3V,才能連接樹莓派3的數位輸入,以避免樹莓派3的損壞。
10.
10
11.
Echo腳位 Vout 樹莓派GPIO腳位 Vin R1 270
Ω R2 470 Ω 約3.3V 0V
12.
#觸發超音波感測器 #取得目前空氣溫度來計算超聲波傳送速度 #發出超聲波 #接收超聲波 12 7 12
13.
超音波測量速率
14.
#觸發超音波感測器 #取得目前空氣溫度來計算超聲波傳送速度 14 7 12
15.
#發出超聲波 #接收超聲波 #使用兩點距離與經過的時間差算出速率 15
16.
課後實作基本題:測速警報器 • 說明:利用課堂實作2的速率測量結合LED燈和喇叭來製作一個 簡易的測速警報器。 • 功能設定:
感測元件 觸發條件 觸發事件 超音波感測器 速率 >= 50 cm/s • 閃爍LED燈 • 發出警報聲 速率 < 50 cm/s • 不亮LED燈 • 關閉警報聲 16
17.
課後實作進階題:模擬聚光燈 • 說明:將超音波感測器量測到的距離與伺服馬達轉動的角度對應, 讓在伺服馬達上的LED燈隨時照射在移動物體上,類似聚光燈的 效果。 • 功能設定: 180度
0度 90度 17
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