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2017 Week 5 Passive Buzzer

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2017 Week 5 Passive Buzzer

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無源蜂鳴器 日期：2017/03/23
蜂鳴器 • “源”是指振盪源 • 有源蜂鳴器(active buzzer) • 無源蜂鳴器 + 內部有振盪源(oscillator) • 發出固定音頻和音階 • 無源蜂鳴器(passive buzzer) • 發出不同音頻和音階 • 主要用途：提示或警報，例如:計算機、倒車雷達等
無源蜂鳴器 VS 喇叭 無源蜂鳴器 喇叭 聲音的產生 電壓與頻率 電壓與頻率 頻率範圍 小 大 組成聲音的波形 直流電阻抗 無限大 0 交流電阻抗 一般是幾歐姆到10幾歐姆 一般是幾歐姆到10幾歐姆
無源蜂鳴器 IN(PWM)：訊號輸入接腳 VCC：電路的供電電壓，可用來控制音量 GND：接地
無源蜂鳴器音頻、音階表 英文音名 音頻(Hz) 音階 低頻 高頻 C Do 66 131 262 523 1046 D Re 74 147 294 587 1175 E Mi 83 165 330 659 1318 F Fa 88 175 349 698 1397 G So 98 196 392 784 1568 A La 110 220 440 880 1760 B Si 124 247 494 988 1976 約差兩倍的數值，等於差8度的音頻
鋼琴鍵盤 基準中央C (262)
設定音階 設定樂譜 ChangeFrequency()函式是改變PWM的頻率
音樂會 • 分組：兩人一組 • 目標：1.完成一首包含主弦律及和弦的曲子 2.完成包含有主弦律及和弦的小蜜蜂音樂 • 設計分析：使用兩個無源蜂鳴器，一個播放主弦律，另一個播放 和弦
小蜜蜂音樂 設定音階和音頻
小蜜蜂音樂 主弦律樂譜 和弦樂譜 控制節奏 音階 音頻
電流急急棒
電流急急棒
作業三、基本題：又是紅綠燈模擬之結合無源蜂鳴器、LED燈和七段顯示器 階段一：A紅燈發亮，5秒後，B綠燈發亮，A紅燈持續恆亮20秒。 階段二：B綠燈恆亮10秒後滅燈，接著B黃燈1秒閃爍一次，同時七段顯示器從5 秒開始倒數並閃爍，總共閃爍5次，然後B黃燈和七段顯示器滅燈，B紅燈恆亮 25秒，A紅燈滅燈前5秒蜂鳴器發出警示音，隨著倒數越接近0，蜂鳴器的節奏 越快，5秒後A紅燈滅燈，蜂鳴器停止發聲，A綠燈恆亮10秒。 階段三：A綠燈恆亮10秒後滅燈，接著A黃燈1秒閃爍一次，總共閃爍5次，然 後A黃燈滅燈，A紅燈恆亮25秒，B紅燈滅燈前5秒蜂鳴器發出警示音，隨著倒 數越接近0，蜂鳴器的節奏越快，5秒後B紅燈滅燈，蜂鳴器停止發聲，B綠燈恆 亮10秒。 • ＊反覆執行階段一、二、三 • ＊閃爍的定義:燈亮，燈滅算閃爍一次
作業三、加分題：利用LED燈將小星星音樂的音階視覺化 • 使用2顆紅色的LED燈表示Do和Fa的音階，2顆黃色的LED燈表示Re和So的音階， 兩顆綠色的LED燈表示Mi和La的音階。 • 當小星星的音樂播放到哪個音階，那個音階代表的LED燈就要發亮，發亮的時間 根據節奏的長短亮燈。 • 例如：小星星的音樂第一個音為Do，那代表Do的紅色LED燈就要發亮，且Do只 發出一秒，所以紅色LED燈亮一秒後滅燈，換下一個音階的LED燈發亮。
音階和音頻表 # 升半音

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