Bautista, Mary Ruth.pdf

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LINGUISTIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS:
SOMETIMES WITH ONE I LOVE BY WALT WHITMAN
MARY RUTH L. BAUTISTA
A Research Proposal presented to
the Faculty of Arts and Sciences
La Consolacion College Bacolod
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in
Bachelor of Arts in English Language Studies
2022-2023
February, 2023

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE...................................................................................................................................1
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................3
RATIONALE...............................................................................................3
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM...........................................................4
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK...............................................................5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.............................................................7
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS.....................................................................7
DEFINITION OF TERMS ..........................................................................8
CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................9
RESEARCH DESIGN.................................................................................9
SOURCES OF DATA ...............................................................................10
DATE GATHERING PROCEDURE........................................................10

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Chapter 1
Introduction
Rationale
Language is a method of communication that uses analysis. It is typically an intricate set
of specialized verbal symbols that are widely utilized to convey meaning. The transmission of
cultural traditions, affection, sympathy, attitudes, and social beings' ambitions is substantially
aided by language (Mowrer 660).
emphasizing the importance of language has thus remarked “Language makes it possible for its
users to have various experience, to learn through and from the learning of others and this I see is
the essence of education.”
Language is the means through which cultures and traditions are transmitted to the masses,
to the children, and to the students. Language is primarily used in the never-ending transmission
of culture and history from one generation to the next, and without language, the cultural stream
cannot function effectively.
Learning a language through poem is a wonderful way to connect with the cultural history
of the people who created them and the locations they came from, just like novels, short tales, and
other literary works. Poets are among the most well-known authors in many different languages.
There are many good reasons to use poems when discussing the distinctive features of any
language.
It is crucial to realize that poems do not always contain what is formally referred to as
"poetic" language. Poems do not always and exclusively employ literal language. The language of
poetry is not fundamentally distinct from the language of daily life.

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Poetry is inaccessible to all but the most accomplished language learners due to the traditional
conception of poetry as one of the most sophisticated forms of literary and linguistic expression.
Even so, many may find it difficult to understand famous poets' works due to the abundance of
literary allusions, historical allusions, and cultural assumptions that are common in their works.
As noted by Brindley (2).
Poems often deal with geographical or social settings alien to the students'
experience. Perhaps the greatest barrier to understanding poetry, however, is its
elliptical, metaphorical, and highly allusive language. Poetry, from this perspective
(i.e., as a high-level, individual reading activity), has little to offer the EFL
classroom, especially at middle school and high school level (Brindley 1).
This paper, however, explains the phrase structure of Sometimes with One I Love to be
easily understood by any individual though its phrase structure.
Through linguistic analysis of the poem Sometimes with One I Love, this study seeks to
comprehend Walt Whitman’s poem.
Statement of the Problem
This linguistic research investigates the linguistic structures of the poem Sometimes
with One I Love by Walt Whitman.
Specifically, it introspects into the following subproblems:
1. How are the poetic texts regularized through idealization of raw data?
2. What immediate constituents are revealed in the idealized sentences of the poem?
3. What phrase structures are revealed in the idealized sentences?

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Theoretical Framework
This study argues that linguistic structures are revealed in the poetic texts of the poem
Sometimes with One I Love by Walt Whitman.
This assumption is supported by the linguistic theory of linear grammar, which Corder
(179) explains:
Linear grammar treats the sentences of a language as a “string” of grammatical
categories like beads in a necklace, or alternatively as a series of slots to be filled by words
of the category appropriate to each slot.
This (also called slot-and-filler grammar) description treats structure of the sentence as a
linear pattern, such that the choice of each successive category is dependent upon the category
immediately following it.
Whitman examines issues of love, unrequited love, and the nature of human emotions in
Sometimes with One I Love. The speaker of the poem expresses his feelings simply and openly.
He is aware of his current predicament and is prepared to accept it if there is no hope of receiving
love in return.
Hence, this study analyzes the constituent structural linearity of linguistic structures
particularly on the linguistic systems of phrase structures.

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Figure: Schematic Presentation of the Theoretical Framework of the Study
LINEAR GRAMMAR THEORY
IDEALIZATION
OF RAW DATA
“SOMETIMES
WITH THE ONE
I LOVE”
BY WALT
WHITMAN
IMMEDIATE
CONSTITUENT
ANALYSIS IN
SENTENCES
PHRASE STRUCTURE OF POEM

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Significance of the Study
This study aims to understand Walt Whitman’ Sometimes with One I Love poem through
linguistic analysis of its phrase structure. The study's findings may improve understanding of the
poem by any individual who is studying language through the use of poems specifically works by
Walt Whitman.
Students may decide to conduct similar investigations and may use this study as a guide
for their future linguistic research.
Future linguists can perform their own research with the goal of advancing linguistic
analysis in Walt Whitman's poetry using the findings of this study.
This study can be used as one of the references by English teachers who wish to analyze
Walt Whitman's writings linguistically.
Scope and Limitations
The study focuses on the poetic texts of the poem Sometimes with One I Love written by
Walt Whitman. Although he did not create free verse, Whitman is regarded as its founder. Free
verse is poetry that does not follow established rhyme, rhythm, or meter patterns. Free verse has
meter and rhythm. Free verse is an open form, which means it has no predetermined structure and
no prescribed length. Since there is no rhyme scheme and no set metrical pattern, there are no
specific rules for line breaks or stanza divisions.
The study is limited to the raw data idealization, the immediate constituent analysis of the
sentences in the poem as well as their phrase structures.

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Definition of Terms
For clarity, the following terms are defined as they are used in the study:
Phrase Structures are a particular kind of rewrite rule that are used to explain the syntax
of the English language. They are closely related to the initial phases of transformational grammar,
which Noam Chomsky proposed in 1957.
Linguistic Analysis is the study of human speech including the units, nature, structure, and
modification of language.
Free verse is a non-metrical, non-rhyming line that closely follows the natural rhythms of
speech.
Linear Grammar is a grammar in which each production contains at most one nonterminal
in its right-hand side.
Linear Structural Analysis is an analysis where a linear relation holds between applied
forces and displacements. In practice, this is applicable to structural problems where stresses
remain in the linear elastic range of the material used.

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Chapter 2
Methodology
This chapter presents the research method used in this study, sources of data and the data-
generating process.
Research Design
This study makes use of the qualitative method of research. Qualitative research involves
collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts,
opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate
innovative ideas for research. Qualitative research is commonly used in the humanities and social
sciences, in subjects such as anthropology, sociology, education, health sciences, history, etc.
(“What Is Qualitative Research?: Methods & Examples.” )
Linear structural analysis is the linguistic research method used in this study. Structural
analysis is the process of breaking words down into their basic parts to determine word meaning.
Structural analysis is a powerful vocabulary tool since knowledge of a few word parts can give
you clues to the meanings of a large number of words. Although the meaning suggested by the
word parts may not be exact, this process can often help you understand the word well enough that
you can continue reading without significant interruption. (“Course Hero.” Developmental
English: Introduction to College Composition). It is also a strategy that is used to facilitate
decoding as students become more proficient readers. These advanced decoding strategies help
students learn parts of words so they can more easily decode unknown multi-syllabic words. (RF
PWR Structural Analysis - Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. )

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Sources of Data
The main source of data is the poem Sometimes with One I Love by Walt Whitman taken
from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/. (Whitman, Walt. “Sometimes with One I Love by Walt
Whitman.” Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation). This poem is chosen based on the length and
simplicity of the poem but still shows Walt Whitman’s character, which is still incredibly
provocative. His "barbaric yawp" reminds readers of the radical potential built into the democratic
ideal by being profuse, passionate, and openly grand.
Data Gathering Procedure
Three steps make up the data generation process: (1) idealization of the raw data, (2)
immediate constituent analysis, and (3) phrase structure analysis.
Phase 1: Idealization of Raw Data
The raw data, which are the poetic textualities of Walt Whitman's poem Sometimes with
One I Love are analyzed at this stage. By locating ellipses and missing pieces, the raw data is
idealized. To make each sentence a complete sentence for the purposes of structural analysis, the
natural utterances in each sentence are collected.

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Table 1. Idealization of Raw Data
Phase 2: Immediate Constituent Analysis
The idealized sentences are then analytically divided into their immediate elements in this
section. Sentences are broken down into consecutive layers, and each layer is composed solely of
words or significant word fragments.
Sometimes with one I love I fill myself with rage for fear I effuse unreturn’d love,
But now I think there is no unreturn’d love, the pay is certain one way or another
(I loved a certain person ardently and my love was not return’d,
Yet out of that I have written these songs).
Stanza 1 Raw Data
Idealized

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Table 2. Immediate Constituent Analysis
Phase 3: Phrase Structure Analysis
Using tree diagramming, the phrase structures of the idealized sentences in Walt
Whitman’s poem Sometimes with One I Love are examined.
Table 3: Phrase Structure Analysis
But now I think there is no unreturn’d love, the pay is certain one way or another
(I loved a certain person ardently and my love was not return’d,
Yet out of that I have written these songs).
Rewrite Rules:
Where:

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References
Mowrer, O. Hobart. “The Psychologist Looks at Language.” American Psychologist, vol. 9, no.
11, 1954, pp. 660–694., https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062737.
Brindley, D. J. Breaking the Poetry Barrier towards Understanding and Enjoying Poetry.
Distributed by ERIC Clearinghouse, 1980.
Tajos, Maria Luzviminda A. “Morphosyntactic Analysis of George Eliot's Select Poems.”
University of San Jose-Recoletos, 2019, pp. 1–127.
Corder, Stephen Pit. Introducing Applied Linguistics. Penguin Books, 1993.
Saraspe, Lucille D. “Linguistic Structural Analysis: A Square Poem by Lewis Carroll.” USJ-R
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, 2020.
Bhandari, Pritha. “What Is Qualitative Research?: Methods & Examples.” Scribbr, 30 Jan.
2023, https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research/.
Foundation, Poetry. “Sometimes with One I Love by Walt Whitman.” Poetry Foundation, 9 Feb.
2023, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/50322/sometimes-with-one-i-love. Accessed 9
Feb. 2023.
“Course Hero.” Developmental English: Introduction to College Composition | | Course Hero,
https://www.coursehero.com/study-guides/vccs-enf102-17fa/text-structural-analysis/.
RF PWR Structural Analysis - Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.
https://dpi.wi.gov/sites/default/files/imce/ela/bank/RF_PWR_Structural_Analysis.pdf.

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