Advanced dental laboratory techniques

1. This is just the start.

2. CAD CAM SYSTEMS
Supervised By
Dr.Mohamed Mahmoud Abdul Monem
Presented By
Ahmed Anwar Elmessiny
Student No : 01

3. CONTENTS
Introduction
CAD/ CAM process
Classification of cad cam
Components of cad cam
Uses of cad cam
Disadvantage of cad cam
3D printer (rapid prototyping )
Mechanism of 3D printer
Uses of 3D printing in dentistry

4. INTRODUCTION
The technological changes taking place are truly
revolutionizing the way dentistry is practiced and the manner
in which laboratories are fabricating restorations.
The advent of CAD/CAM has enabled the dentists and
laboratories to harness the power of computers to design and
fabricate esthetic and durable restorations.
1985 is the key to introduction of cad cam technology in
dentistry by Prof. Werner Mörmannand Dr. Marco Brandestini
in 1985

5. CAD/ CAM PROCESS
A CAD/CAM system utilizes a process chain consisting of
scanning, designing and milling phases. The scanning
device converts the shape of the prepared teeth into three
dimensional
(3D) units of information .The computer translates this
Information into a 3-D map The operator designs a restoration
shape using the computer which generates a tool path, which is
used by the milling device to create the shape from a restorative

6. CLASSIFICATION OF CAD CAM
The CAD/CAM systems are classified into :
1.Laboratory systems
2.Chairside systems.

7. COMPONANTS OF CAD CAM
SCANNER = Digitizers
CAD Unit = Soft Ware
(Computer Aided Design )
(CAM Unit = Production
(Computer Aided Manufacturing )

8. 1 - SCANNER
Function : transform geometry of receptor unit (tooth) into
digital data that can be processed by a computer its classified
into :
*direct ……….. (chair side)
. light powder
. Powderless Scanner
* indirect ..…. (laboratory )
. Optical Scanner ( non contact scanner) active
. Mechanical Scanner (contact scanner) non active
Extra oral scanner
Intra oral scanner

9. 1 - SCANNER
Intra Oral Scanner CHAIR SIDE
a).light powder. Usually using titanium oxide
to all the surface to provided contrast
( Disadvantage )
Maintaining Homogeneity and even thickness
b). Powderless Scanner .
Has removed this source of inaccuracy with
No limitation of scan accuracy

10. 1 - SCANNER
Extra Oral Scanner LABORATORY
a). Optical Scanner / non contact /active
which using source of light or lazer are the source
of illumination the basic of this type is the collection
of 3D structure in a so called Triangulation procedure
b).Mechanical Scanner / contact scanner/ non-active
Scaning reading by moving a touch probe
(ruby ball) line by line arround the object
and the 3D structure measured

11. 1 – SCANNER
TYPE OF SCANNERS
OPTICAL
Chair side
MECHANICAL
Non
Chair - Side
Non
Chair - Side

12. 2 - Computer Aided Design .. (CAD)
Designing the dental prosthesis step by step the software
program mimics the same steps (i.e.… margin selection.
block out of undercuts and analyzing path of insertion… )
Closed CAD
The CAD software information is specific to its digital unit
Open CAD
The data can be sent to any digital system
Its Classified To

13. 2 – Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
A.Subtractive Manufacturing . ( Milling)
B.Additive Manufacturing .Additive / Layered
Digital Manufacturing come also in two forms

14. 1.Subtractive Manufacturing . ( Milling)
A production technology that transforms the set data into a
desired product.
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO NO OF MILLING AXIS
ACCORDING TO MILLING ENVIRONMENT
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF MILLING ENGIN

15. 1.Subtractive Manufacturing . (classification)
A. 3 Axis milling device: movement in 3 spatial direction
( X -Y and Z )…cercon brain - degu dent
B. 4 Axis milling device movement in 3 spatial direction
(+ rotatable tension bridge 4th axis) ..zeno
C. 5 Axis milling device rotating the milling spinal 5th axis
This enables the milling of complex geometries

16. 1.Subtractive Manufacturing . (classification)
ACCORDING TO MILLING ENVIRONMENT.
Wet ProcessingDry Processing
•fully sintired Zirconia
• Ceramics
• Cr Co
• Titanium
• Pre sintired Zirconia
• Wax
• PMMA
• Nanocomposites
• CrCo (Sintron)

17. 1.Subtractive Manufacturing . ( Classification)
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF MILLING ENGINE
One motor
i.e.. Cerec mc x5
Two motors
Cerec inlab mcxl
The restoration milled from
both sides simultaneously

18. USES OF CAD CAM.. Dry Indication
• Zirconia full contour / frame
.
• Diagnostic wax ups
.
• Wax patterns full contour/frame

19. USES OF CAD CAM.. Dry Indication
.
• Long term temps
.
.
Hybrid Zir custom abutments
Screw retained crowns and bridge

20. USES OF CAD CAM.. Dry Indication
.
.
Hybrid Zir custom abutments
Screw retained crowns and bridge

21. USES OF CAD CAM.. Wet Indication
Full contour all ceramic
Non-precious framework

22. USES OF CAD CAM.. Wet Indication
Hybrid denture bar
Ortho dontic
Dentures

23. CAD CAM
DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
speed and ease to used
Good quality
No second appointment
No provisional restoration
Scans and data can be stored
The initial cost is high
Need to spend time and money
on training
Large amount of raw material
in waste
Milling tools are prone of
Heavy abrasion
Due to brittle nature of ceramic
Microscopic cracks

24. 2 .Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
3D printing is also known as :
 Additive manufacturing
 Rapid prototyping
 Layered manufacturing
 Solid free form fabrication
B.Additive Manufacturing. 3D PRINTING

25. B.Additive Manufacturing. 3D PRINTING
Definition :
It is the process in which multiple layersof material
are addedone by one undercomputer control to
create three dimensional
In 1984, Charles Hull an American Engineer,
developed the world’sfirst working 3-D printer
Materials Used. Metals like silver, steel, titanium
 Resins like (nylon), Organic materials  Ceramics

26. B.Additive Manufacturing. 3D PRINTING
MECHANISM Steps For Rapid Prototyping

27. B.Additive Manufacturing. 3D PRINTING
FDM works on an "additive" principle by laying down
material in layers; a plastic filament or metal wire is
unwound from a coil and suppliesmaterial to produce a part.
Fused Diposition Model F D M
SteroLithogrAphy S L A
Selective Laser Sintering S L S
Digital Light Processing D L P

28. USES OF 3D PRINTING IN DENTISTRY
 Dental implants surgical guides
 Maxillofacial surgery
 Dental models
 Orthodontics

29. USES OF 3D PRINTING IN DENTISTRY
 Prosthodontics
 Endodontic
 Bio printing
Material used in Bioprinting
. Polymers
.Metals
.Ceramics

31. RESTORATION
…..
CAD/CAM
(SUBSTRUCTIVE)
3D PRINTING
ADDITIVE
CO - CR . RPD FRAMEWORK NO Yes
CO CR CROWN & BRIDGE Yes Yes
COMPLET DENTURE Yes Yes
MODEL Yes Yes
ZIRCONIA Yes NO
GLASS CERAMIC Yes NO
TITANIUM ABUTMENT Yes Yes
ORTHODONTIC Yes Yes

32. .
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Student No : 01