5. FACTORS SUGGESTIVE OF COMPLICATED
URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Male Sex
Advanced Age
Hospital Acquired Infection
Pregnancy
Functional Or Anatomic Abnormality Of The Urinary Tract
Recent Antimicrobial Use
Diabetes Mellitus
Indwelling Urinary Catheter
Recent Urinary Tract Instrumentation
Renal Transplant
Immunosuppression
6. ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA
Pregnancy( Amoxicillin Or Nitrofurantoin Or Oral
Cephalosporin Or TMP-SMX Or Trimethoprim
Alone) X 3-7 Days
Invasive Urologic Proceduretmp-smx DS 1 Tab Bid
X 3 Days
No Therapy For Asymptomatic Bacteriuria In The
Following Patient Populations:
Premenopausal, Nonpregnant Women
Diabetic Women
Older Persons Living In The Community
Elderly, Institutionalized Subjects
Persons With Spinal Cord Injury
Catheterized Patients While The Catheter Remains In
7. UNCOMPLICATED CYSTITIS
Primary Regimens :
TMP-SMX -DS 1 Tab Bid X 3 Days
Nitrofurantoin 100 Mg Po Bid X 5 Days
Alternative Regimens :
Ciprofloxacin 250 Mg Bid Or Ciprofloxacin Extended
Release 500 Mg Q24h X 3 Days
Levofloxacin 250 Mg Q24h X 3
Amoxicillin-clavulanate 875/125 Mg Bid X 5-7 Days
8. UNCOMPLICATED PYELONEPHRITIS
Primary Regimens
Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q12h or Gatifloxacin 400 mg IV
q24h or Levofloxacin 750 mg IV q24h x 5-7 days
( Ampicillin 2 gm IV q6h + Gentamicin 5 mg/kg q24h) or (
Ceftriaxone 1-2 gm IV q24h or Piperacillin-tazobactam 3.375
gm IV q4-6h x 14 days
Alternative Regimens
Ampicillin-Sulbactam 3 gm IV q6h or Piperacillin-tazobactam
3.375 gm IV q4-6h
Ertapenem 1 gm IV q24h or other carbapenem for suspected
or proven ESBL-producing organism Duration: 14 days
9. COMPLICATED URINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS
Primary Regimens :
Ampicillin + Gentamicin
Piperacillin-tazobactam 3.375 Gm IV Q4-6h
Imipenem 0.5 Gm IV Q12h (Max 4 Gm/Day)
Meropenem 1 Gm IV Q8h
Alternative Regimens :
Ciprofloxacin 400 Mg IV Q12h
Levofloxacin 750 Mg IV Q24h
Ceftazidime 2 Gm IV Q8h
Cefepime 2 Gm IV Q12h
10. PERINEPHRIC ABSCESS
E. Coli, Proteus Spp., And Staphylococcus
Aureus Are The Common Causative
Organisms
The Mainstay Of Treatment Is Drainage
11. RECURRENT URINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS
Young Women: Treat As Uncomplicated UTI
Then Trial Of One Of The Following To Prevent
Recurrences :
TMP-SMX 80mg/400mg (Single Strength Tab)
Po Q24h Or 3x/Week
Cephalexin 250 Mg Once Daily
Post-menopause: Treat As Complicated UTI
Then Consider One Of The Above
12. CANDIDIASIS
Primary Regimens
Asymptomatic Candiduria:
Most Cases Do Not Warrant Treatment But Consider
Treatment In Patients With Neutropenia, Low Birth-weight
Premature Infants, Pregnant Women, And Patients
Undergoing Urologic Procedures. Pre-procedure
Treatment Options Include:
• Fluconazole 200-400 Mg (3-6 Mg/Kg) Po/IV Once Daily
A Few Days Before And After The Procedure
• Amphotericin B 0.3-0.6 Mg/Kg Daily A Few Days Before
And After The Procedure
13. Symptomatic Infection:
• Cystitis:
Fluconazole 200 Mg/Day (3 Mg/Kg) X 14 Days
• Ascending Pyelonephritis:
Fluconazole 400 Mg/Day X 14 Days
• Pyelonephritis Via Hematogenous Seeding:
Caspofungin 70 Mg IV Loading Dose, Then 50 Mg IV Qd
Ormicafungin 100 Mg IV Qd Oranidulafungin 200 Mg IV
Loading Dose, Then 100 Mg IV Qd
14. Alternative Regimens
Treatment Of Fluconazole-resistant Candida
Species Or Fluconazole Intolerance:
Cystitis:
• Amphotericin B 0.5 Mg/Kg X 1-7 Days
• Orflucytosine 25 Mg/Kg Qid X 7-10 Days
Ascending Pyelonephritis:
• Amphotericin B 0.5-0.7 Mg/Kg X 14 Days
• Orflucytosine 25 Mg/Kg Qid X 14 Days
16. CONCLUSION
Urinary tract infections can occur in all age groups and
produce an exceptionally broad range of clinical
syndromes ranging from asymptomatic bacteriuria to
acute pyelonephritis with Gram negative sepsis to septic
shock
Early recognition of symptoms followed by appropriate
investigations, accurate diagnosis and early goal
directed therapy is essential to improve outcomes.
Comprehensive management requires team approach
with timely inputs from microbiologists, radiologists,
surgeons and intensive care physicians
17. CASE
A 26-year-old Sexually Active Woman Presents With A 6-
day History Of Fevers, Chills,dysuria, Frequency, And
Flank Pain. She Also Reports Nausea And Has Repeatedly
Vomited And Been Unable To Maintain Oral Intake.
Her Past Medical History Is Remarkable Only For The
Normal Vaginal Delivery Of A Daughter 3 Years Ago. She
States That She Is Not Currently Pregnant.
Vital Signs Are As Follows: A Temperature Of 38.7°C, A
Recumbent Blood Pressure Of 98/66 And Pulse Of 88, A
Standing Blood Pressure Of 88/55 And Pulse Of 101, And
A Respiratory Rate Of 13.
18. Physical Examination Is Otherwise Remarkable For
Costovertebral Angle Tenderness To Palpation On The Left
Side.
Laboratory Analysis Shows A Peripheral Blood Leukocyte
Count Of 26,200 Cells/Mm3 With 82% Neutrophils And 15%
Band Forms. Electrolytes Are Within Normal Limits, And
Glucose Is 93 Mg/Dl. A Urine Sample Shows Pyuria And
100,000 Bacteria.
Questions
A. What Is Your Diagnosis?
B. Is This A “Complicated” Or “Uncomplicated” Infection?
C. Which Antibiotic(s) Would You Use To Empirically Treat This
Patient?