This presentation covers Schizophrenia-causes,signs,symptoms,types and recovery and rehabilitations.

1. PRESENTATION
ON
SCHIZOPHRENIA
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Made By: Aditi Mehrotra
Application No. : d7f02805ece511e997b4e3e63850e06b
Email : aditimehrotra1996@gmail.com
Affiliation : Banaras Hindu University
Course name: Academic Writing

2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
• Any attempt at any level cannot be satisfactorily
completed without the support and guidance of
learned people.
I would like to express my immense gratitude to
Swayam Courses for their constant motivation and
help in learning about Academic Writing , that
encouraged me to come up with this assignment.
• I am also thankful to all my teachers and classmates
for their wholehearted support at all times that lead to
the successful completion of this assignment.
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3. PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
A mental disorder characterised by a disconnection from
reality.
Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders that
cause abnormal thinking and perceptions. People with
psychoses lose touch with reality.
Two of the main symptoms are delusions and
hallucinations.
Schizophrenia is one type of psychotic disorder.
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4. SCHIZOPHRENIA
Schizophrenia is a serious disorder which affects how a
person thinks , feels and acts.
Someone with schizophrenia may have difficulty
distinguishing between what is real and what is
imaginary; may be unresponsive or withdrawn and may
have difficulty expressing normal emotions in social
situations.
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6. WHAT CAUSES SCHIZOPHRENIA?
The cause of schizophrenia is still unclear. Some theories about the cause of
this disease include.
Genetics (Heredity)
Scientists recognize that the disorder tends to run in families and that a person
inherits a tendency to develop the disease. Similar to some other genetically-
related illnesses, schizophrenia may appear when the body undergoes
hormonal and physical changes (like those that occur during puberty in the teen
and young adult years) or after dealing with highly stressful situations.
Biology
• Chemistry - Scientists believe that people with schizophrenia have an
imbalance of the brain chemicals or neurotransmitters.
• Structure - Some research suggests that problems with the development of
connections and pathways in the brain while in the womb may later lead to
schizophrenia.
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7. Viral Infections and Immune
Disorders
Schizophrenia may also be triggered by environmental events,
such as viral infections or immune disorders.
For instance, babies whose mothers get the flu while they are
pregnant are at higher risk of developing schizophrenia later in
life. People who are hospitalized for severe infections are also at
higher risk.
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8. WHAT ARE THE EARLY WARNING
SIGNS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?
• Hearing or seeing something that isn’t there
• A constant feeling of being watched
• Peculiar or nonsensical way of speaking or writing
• Strange body positioning
• Feeling indifferent to very important situations
• Deterioration of academic or work performance
• A change in personal hygiene and appearance
• A change in personality
• Increasing withdrawal from social situations
• Irrational, angry or fearful response to loved ones
• Inability to sleep or concentrate
• Inappropriate or bizarre behaviour
• Extreme preoccupation with religion or the occult
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10. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF
SCHIZOPHRENIA?
Positive symptoms
are disturbances that are “added” to the person’s personality...
Delusion – false ideas--individuals may believe that someone is
spying on him or her, or that they are someone famous.
Hallucinations –seeing, feeling, tasting, hearing or smelling
something that doesn’t really exist. The most common experience is
hearing imaginary voices that give commands or comments to the
individual.
Disordered thinking and speech –moving from one topic to
another, in a nonsensical fashion. Individuals may also make up their
own words or sounds, rhyme in a way that doesn't make sense, or
repeat words and ideas.
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11. Disorganized Behavior –this can range from having problems
with routine behaviours like hygiene or choosing appropriate clothing for
the weather, to unprovoked outbursts, to impulsive and uninhibited
actions. A person may also have movements that seem anxious, agitated,
tense or constant without any apparent reason.
Negative symptoms
are capabilities that are “lost” from the person’s personality.
• Social withdrawal
• Extreme apathy (lack of interest or enthusiasm)
• Lack of drive or initiative
• Emotional flatness
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12. TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
• Paranoid Schizophrenia
• Catatonic Schizophrenia
• Disorganized Schizophrenia
• Residual Schizophrenia
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13. SCHIZOPHRENIA - TYPES
• Paranoid Schizophrenia – As the name suggests, the patient
becomes paranoid. He feels that people are talking behind his back and plotting
against him. The person is gripped by false beliefs and anxiety. He has thoughts
about his partner might be cheating on him or a friend/co-worker might be trying
to harm him in some way or the other. It is accompanied by hallucinations which
the patient perceives to be real. There might also be auditory delusions along
with hallucinations. It is a chronic illness and might eventually lead to complex
situations like the patient committing suicide.
• Catatonic Schizophrenia – This one is a rare kind. It is
schizophrenia accompanied with catatonic characteristics. This means that the
person might suddenly stop responding to the environment. The voluntary
activity gets reduced to an extent that the patient stops talking at all and is not
able to discern what is going on. He might not even respond to pain. It can be
the other way too, that the patient starts showing excess movement (catatonic
excitement). He might produce weird sounds and mimic actions of others.
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14. Disorganized Schizophrenia – It is also known as Hebephrenic
Schizophrenia. Disorganized Schizophrenia causes a condition of… shockingly –
extreme disorganization. The patient might be free from hallucinations to some
extent, but there is a huge amount of disorganization which greatly affects daily
life. It is improper, or to be precise, purposeless behaviour. Illogical thoughts take
over the mind and the person’s actions do not suit the surrounding. He might
suddenly start laughing or making inappropriate expressions.
Residual Schizophrenia – It can be considered as a mild form and it
occurs in people who have previously shown various symptoms of schizophrenia
which have now declined. The person might still face hallucinations and not able to
distinguish between the real and imaginary, but the acute phase has passed, and
they are now in control.
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15. RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION
• Case management helps people access services,
financial assistance, treatment and other resources.
• Psychosocial Rehabilitation Programs are programs
that help people regain skills such as: employment,
cooking, cleaning, budgeting, shopping, socializing,
problem solving, and stress management.
• Self-help groups provide on-going support and
information to persons with serious mental illness by
individuals who experience mental illness themselves.
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16. Employment programs : assist individuals in finding employment and/or
gaining the skills necessary to re-enter the workforce.
Therapy/Counselling : includes different forms of “talk ” therapy, both
individual and group, that can help both the patient and family members to better
understand the illness and share their concerns.
Crisis Services : include 24 hour hotlines, after hours counselling,
residential placement and in-patient hospitalization.
Drop-in centers : are places where individuals with mental illness can
socialize and/or receive informal support and services on an as-needed basis.
Housing programs : offer a range of support and supervision from 24 hour
supervised living to drop-in support as needed.
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