This document discusses guidelines for prescribing antibiotics and summarizes common antibiotics. It begins by noting the risk of prescription errors. When diagnosing an infection, appropriate antimicrobial therapy should be promptly started according to U.K. guidelines. Common antibiotics are then classified and summarized, including amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, cefixime, erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, and metronidazole. For each antibiotic, common formulations, contraindications, pregnancy risk categories, interactions, and administration instructions are provided. The document concludes by citing references.

1. By Dr. Adel. J. Mohammed
B.D.S, H.D.D, MSc(Oral Medicine)
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1.Introduction:
2.Steps in good prescribing:
3.Medicines and Pediatrics:
4.Classification:
5.Most common medicines:

3. Recent published articles: 7000-10000 deaths
in U.S due to prescription errors.
When infection is diagnosed, it is important to
start appropriate antimicrobial therapy
promptly.
The process of selecting appropriate
antimicrobial therapy in U.K guidance( Start
Smart- Then Focus).
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4. 1.Make a diagnosis.
2.Consider factor influencing the patient’s
responses to therapy(age, renal and liver
function).
3.Establish the therapeutic goal.
4.Choose the therapeutic approach.
5.Choose the drug and its formulation(the
medicine).
6.Choose the dose,route and frequency.
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5. 7.Choose the duration of therapy.
8.Write an unambiguous prescription.
9.Inform the patient about the treatment
and its likely effects.
10.Monitor treatment effects.
11.Review/alter prescription.
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6. In general:
1.According to age.
2.According to body weight.
3. According to body surface area.
More accurate.
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7. .According to their chemical
structure.
.According to the mechanism of
action.
.According to the activity against
particular type of organisms.
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8. Amoxicillin:
Cap 250, 500 mg.
Susp 125/5ml, 250/5ml.
Vial 250, 500mg, 1 g.
Pregnancy:B
Interaction:Allopurinol,methotrexate
and warfarin.
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9. Amoxicillin and claveulanic
acid:
Tab 375 mg,625 mg, 1 g.
Susp 156,25 mg/5ml; 312.5
mg/5ml;457mg/5ml642.9
mg/5ml.
Vial 600mg;1200mg.
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10. :
Ampicillin
Cap 250,500mg.
Syrap 125mg/5ml,250mg/5ml.
Vial 250mg,500mg.
C.I: Hypersensitivity , Infectious
mononeucleosis.
Pregnancy : B
Should be taken on empty stomach.

11. Cephalexin
Cap 250mg,500mg,
Susp 125mg/5ml,250mg/5ml.
C.I: Hypersensitivity.
Pregnancy B
Should be taken on empty stomach
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12. Cefixime:
Cap 200mg,400mg
Susp 100/5ml
C.I: hypesensitivity to cefixime.
Pregnancy:B
Interaction:carbamazepine,warfarin.
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13. Erythromycin:
Tab 250mg, 500mg.
Cap 250mg
Susp 125mg/5ml
I.V 1g
Pregnancy: B
Interaction: Carbamazepine.
Should be taken on empty stomach at least ½ hr
before meals
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14. Azithromycin
Tab 250 mg, 500mg
Cap 250 mg, 500mg
Susp 200mg/5ml
C.I: Hypersesitivity,juandice, hepatic impairment.
Pregnancy:B
Interaction: Warfarin
Should be taken with food
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15. Clindamycin:
Cap 150
2ml ampoule)
)
Ampoule 150mg/ml
C.I:Hypersensitivity,
pseudomembranouscolitis, ulcerative colitis.
Pregnency:B
Should be taken with food
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16. Metronidazole:
Tab: 200mg, 250mg,500mg
Susp: 200mg/5ml
Vial: 5mg/ml(100ml vial)
C.I: first trimester in pregnancy.B
Should be taken with food.
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18. 1.Davidson’s principle and
practice of medicine, 22nd
edition,2014.
2.Iraqi Medicines Guide, 1st
Edition,2016.
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