In this presentation slide my main concern is the pharmacology of GIT MUCOUS MEMBRANE but you will also know briefly about the anatomy,physiology and pathology of it.
5. “Anatomy of Mucosa Membrane’’
What is Composition of Mucous Memberane?
Consists of:
• Epithelium-layer of epithelial cells.
• Lamina Propria-Loose Connective Tissue.
6. ‘‘Epithelium’’
A single or stratified layer of cells underlines:
• Cavities
• Blood vessels
• Organs
GIT
Oral
Ear
Lungs
Urinary Tract
7. ‘‘Lamina Propria’’
Underlines Epithelium.
Provide Nutrition to it.
Contains:
o Lymphocytes
o Plasma cells
o Mast Cells
o Glands(Mucus)
o Leucocytes etc.
19. “Mechanism of Action”
Fluconazole acts by inhibiting the synthesis of
Ergosterol, a major component of the cell membrane
of yeast and fungi.
Inhibition of Ergosterol synthesis leads to some
structural and functional impairment of cytoplasmic
membrane.
Side Effects:
Nausea
Abdominal Discomfort
Diarrhea
20. “Aphthous Ulcer”
Also Known as Canker Sores.
Appeared as:
Small, Shallow
lesions.
Drug used:
Amlexanox
(Apthasol)
21. “Mechanism of Action”
Amlexanox :
Inhibit inflammation by inhibiting
release of histamine and leukotrienes.
Side effects:
Nausea
Diarrhea
22. “Squamous cell carcinoma”
Also known as Oral Cancer.
Agent:
1. Smoking
2. Tobacco
3. Alcohol
Appeared as:
1. Erythroplakia
2. Leukoplakia
26. “Duodenal Ulcer”
Gasrtic Acid cause
Errosive damage to
Duodenal part of
Small intestine if
The mucous barrier
is damaged.
Agents:
H.pylori.
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.
29. “Mechanism of Bismuth Salt”
Bismuth Salts are antimicrobial agents,Antacid and
used to treat Duodenal ulcer.
Bismuth salt(Bismuth
Salicylate) retards the
Expulsion of fluids
into the GIT system by
Coating them.
Its anti-inflammatory action
by Prostaglandin Inhibition.
30. “Celiac Disease”
Auto-immune disorder occurs due to indigestion of
Gluten.
Low Absorptive surface of Small Intestine.
34. “Mucosal Abnormalities in AIDS”
In Acute Phase HIV induce cell lysis and killing of
infected cell by cytotoxic T-Cells accounts for CD4
T-cell depletion in Small Intestinal Mucosa.
39. “Adverse Effects of Stavudine”
Numbness
Rash
Diarrhea
Headache
Hand Pain
Feet Pain
40. “Large Intestinal Mucosa”
Introduction:
Large intestine Absorbs mainly Nutrients, Water,
Electrolytes and vitamins.
Role of microbiota:
Microflora reduce the capability of pathogenic species
to cause damage to mucosa of colon.
The increased use of antibiotics reduce the normal
population of the microflora that lead to the damage
of intestine and cause high risk of pathogenicity.
41. “Forms of IBD”
Two forms of IBD:
Ulcerative Colitis:
(localized)
Crohn’s Disease:
(Transmural)
46. “Amino-Salicylates”
Mechanism of action:
Reduce inflammation by scavenging of free radical.
By inhibition of the production of interleukin-1
andTumor Necrosis Factor(TNF)
And Also by inhibition of NF-kb
Drugs:
Sulfasalazine(Azulfidine)
Olsalazine(Dipentum)
Balsazide(Colazide)
48. “Immunosuppressants”
Mechanism of Action:
Thiopurine impair purine biosynthesis.
Hinders DNA synthesis and thus inhibit the
proliferation of cells.
So the two types of lymphocytes(T & B) affected by the
inhibition of purine synthesis