3. A system for converting visual images (with
sound) into electrical signals, transmitting
them by radio or other means, and displaying
them electronically on a screen.
5. Form of broadcasting in which
a television signal is transmitted by radio
waves from a terrestrial (Earth based)
transmitter of a television station
to TV receivers having an antenna.
6. Satellite television is a service that delivers
television programming to viewers by relaying
it from a communications satellite orbiting the
Earth directly to the viewer's location. The
signals are received via an outdoor parabolic
antenna commonly referred to as
a satellite dish and a low-noise block down
converter.
7. IP multicast is a bandwidth-conserving
technology that reduces traffic by
simultaneously delivering a single stream of
information to potentially thousands of
subscribers. Multicast routing establishes a
tree that connects a source with receivers.
Multicast delivery sends data across this tree
towards receivers.
8. Definition:
IPTV is defined as multimedia services such
as television/video/audio/text/graphics/data
delivered over IP based networks managed to
provide the required level of quality of service
and experience, security, interactivity and
reliability.
9. Internet Protocol (IP) multicast is a
bandwidth-conserving mechanism for
reducing data network traffic by
simultaneously delivering a single stream of
information to thousands of recipients.
Multicasting is fundamental to the
implementation of IPTV. This is how it works.
10. You can watch Internet TV on a computer
screen, a television screen (through a set-
top-box) or on a mobile device
Internet TV, in a simple terms, is video and
audio delivered over an Internet Connection
Triple Play functionality helps to perform
Internet access, voice services and video
services simultaneously
11.
12. A set-top box is a device that enables a
television set to become a user interface to
the Internet and also enables a television set
to receive and decode digital television (DTV)
broadcasts
13. IPTV: Internet Protocol Television
◦ In fact, it generally refers to IP video or video over the Internet
Not restricted to traditional TV programming, includes video-on-demand and
other content
Video over Public IP-based Networks
◦ That is, TV over the Internet
Existing TV stations making their content available for download or streaming via
web sites is often referred to as Internet Television. Usually much lower quality
video and the network does not provide any quality of service guarantees
Video over Private IP-based Networks
◦ A telecommunications company, ISP, business has a private IP network
(not necessarily part of the Internet), for delivery of video to its customers.
This is the most common form of IPTV
IPTV versus traditional TV
◦ Free over-the-air, satellite, cable are traditionally “push” services
All channels are automatically sent to you; your receiving devices selects the
channel to display on your screen
◦ IPTV is a “pull-push” service
User selects (“pulls”) a channel, and only that channel is sent (“push”) to the user
14. Digital Television
◦ Delivering existing and new digital TV content to consumers
On Demand Video
◦ Users can select specific video content, usually for a fee (similar to
“pay-per-view”)
Business TV to Desktop
◦ E.g. employees view news channels or financial reporting
Distance Learning
◦ Although traditional teleconference systems support lectures, IPTV
will deliver content to the individuals (rather than conference
rooms)
Corporate Communications
◦ Director or CEO delivering speeches to employees
Mobile Phone TV
◦ With high-speed wireless data networks, the most practical way of
delivering TV to mobiles
Video Chat
15. Content: the media (video, audio)
Video Head end: converts the content into suitable format, e.g. MPEG2,
Provider IP Network: the backbone network of the service provider (or multiple
service providers). E.g. an ISP’s or telecommunication companies network,
using IP over high speed WAN (e.g. SDH, fibre)
Service Provider Access Network: often called the “last mile” to the users
premise (house, office). Technologies such as ADSL, FTTH and Ethernet
Home Network: Connect your A/V equipment together (PCs, digital video
recorders, TV’s and displays, sound system, …)
(Note: there may be elements from multiple organisations to the one user, e.g.
content creators, service providers)
MPEG4
Video
Head
end
Content Service Provider
IP Network
Service Provider
Access Network
Home Network
16. Broadcast (send to everyone)
◦ Mainly used for TV guide distribution, and informational
updates
Unicast (send to individual)
◦ Ideally used for TV distribution, but in practice mainly
for video-on-demand of specialise content
◦ Unicast allows an individual to view content whenever
desired, but is expensive (in terms of network overhead)
Multicast (send to group of users)
◦ Main form of delivery, especially for popular content
◦ Users select a channel/content (equivalent of joining
multicast group), and that is efficiently delivered to all
users
◦ Even used for video-on-demand (even for specialised
content, likely there will be multiple users wanting to
watch at the same time)
17. Content
◦ IPTV should enable users to select content they watch
◦ Requires (and may drive the development of) much more content
“More of the same rubbish” – lets hope not!
Convergence
◦ TV (video), telephone (Voice over IP), and data (Internet access) all
delivered over the same line
Also other possible services (reading electricity/water meters, updates
of consumer appliances, …)
◦ Expected to create lower costs for user and service provider
Interactivity
◦ Conventional TV is mainly one-way (service provider to user)
◦ IPTV allows two way communications: users can initiate video
chats, participate in voting, play games, …
18. Multicast IP Addressing
◦ Source of multicast packets are normal unicast IP addresses
◦ Destination of multicast packets are special multicast IP
addresses: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
Multicast Group Management
◦ Users need to subscribe to a group (e.g. using IGMP)
A group is represented by an IP multicast address
Multicast Routing
◦ Each multicast router must construct a shortest path tree for each
group
Tree with root at source node, and leaves at all destinations
19.
20. Quality of Service
◦ Network performance metrics for video over Internet include:
jitter, number of out-of-sequence packets, packet loss
probability, network fault probability, multicast join time, …
◦ User metrics include: channel availability, channel start time,
channel change time, channel change failure rate, …
21. Data delivery typically uses Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) over
UDP
◦ TCP is not suited to real-time (and/or fast) data delivery because of
retransmissions
Retransmissions add extra and varying delay; voice/video can cope with lost
packets, but not delays and jitter
Session information (such as controlling flow of data and monitor
QoS) using Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)
◦ Although the delay in responses using RTCP can cause problems for high
speed video services …
22. RTP is used for data delivery
◦ Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) can be used for control of
Video-on-Demand services
RTSP allows the user to start, stop, pause etc. a video stream
Data is still delivered using RTP
But cannot control Quality of Service or perform Multicast
◦ QoS: RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) can be used to reserve
resources along a path in an IP-network
E.g. reserve buffer space and specify queuing priority at routers
◦ Multicast:
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) used for users to subscribe to
groups, that is, select channels. Typically between end hosts and local
multicast routers
Multicast routing through IP network: a multicast distribution tree must
be constructed for each group
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) and others used existing routing protocols
(BGP, OSPF) with multicast extensions
30. Security: Pro Idiom
Channel: DIRECTV Channel
Mode: IP
IP Port: Multicast IP address as well as UDP
Port
31. Amino Setup GUI of a
typical multicast client
(Set top box) to set up
the channel lineup.
32. One of the advantages of IPTV is its capability
to get easily integrated with other IP-based
services such as VOIP or high-speed internet.
It uses the existing computer network. Hence,
no use of cables and is hassle free.
It distributes live or prerecorded TV and
video/audio over the preexisting network.
Content remains in the network and only the
content that the consumer selects gets
delivered to the customer.
33. The consumer has a greater choice over what they
want to watch because of higher functionality and
content than regular broadcast or cable television
services.
It’s a two-way communication where the consumer
will be able to interact with the service provider. For
example, a consumer can request for watching a
movie from the TV guide and the service gets
delivered to him. This service is known as a movie
rental.
One of the most interesting features of IPTV is the
Electronic Program Guide (EPG) and the Personal
Video Recorder (PVR) which is fully interactive to the
consumer’s personal needs. It provides fascinating
elements like pause, forward, rewind and even
program recording facilities while watching a movie
or even a program.
34. The best thing about IPTV-based services is
that it is compatible with all display devices
which includes TV, LCD displays, projectors
and computer displays and ultimately
succeed in delivering digital quality video.
There is no limitation to viewing points i.e. it
lets you move around the display units after
being connected to the nearest IT network
point.
All these features make IPTV more cost-
effective, robust and scalable.
35. No guarantee that you can watch all IPTV
channels without issues.
If the channel provider's location is currently
heavy rain, you will not able to watch the
channel until the weather is cleared.
Audio/video is not well synchronized (lip-
sync issue)
Some channels might occasionally pause and
buffer, or it will keep on Loading when
switching channels
36. IPTV is suitable for those who wants to pay less
and watch premium channels you can't afford
to subscribe to the legal DTH service, or you
want to watch foreign channels from other
country/satellites.
Although there is an amount of disadvantages
of IPTV, but do bear in mind that you are
paying an affordable price per month and you
can get access to over 200 channels.
