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Chapter 3 and accounting cycle
1.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-1 Chapter 3 Accounting Cycle
2.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-2 Topics to be Discussed Accounting Cycle Debit Credit Rules General Journal Transactions Ledgers Accounts Trial Balance Practice Questions
3.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-3 THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE: CAPTURING ECONOMIC EVENTS Chapter 3
4.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-4 Journalize transactions. Post entries to the ledger accounts. Prepare trial balance. Make end-of- year adjustments. Prepare adjusted trial balance. Prepare financial statements. Prepare after-closing trial balance. Journalize and post closing entries. The Accounting Cycle
5.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-5 Types of Accounts Assets Liabilities Owners Equity Revenues Expenses
6.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-6 Assets Economics Resources of owned by organization / company Land Equipment Building Machinery Cars, Vehicles Bus / Transport
7.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-7 Liabilities Debts / payable, on an organizations. Accounts payable Notes payable Bonds Payable Salaries payable wages payable etc
8.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-8 Owners Equity Investment by an owner in business Capital Stock Shares Dividends Drawings
9.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-9 Revenues Sales of company or organization Sales revenue Service revenue Consulting revenue feed revenue, etc.
10.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-10 Expenses Cost incurred or pay by company to earned revenue is called expenses. Salaries expenses Utilities expenses Fuel expenses Maintenance expense Rent expense
11.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-11 Debit & Credit Basic Assumptions Debit Credit
12.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-12 GAAP Principles for Debit and Credit Types of Accounts Increase Decrease Assets Debit Credit Liabilities Credit Debit Owners Equity Credit Debit Revenues Credit Debit Expenses Debit Credit
13.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-13 The Role of Accounting Records Establishes accountability for assets and transactions. Keeps track of routine business activities. Obtains detailed information about a particular transaction. Evaluates efficiency and performance within company. Maintains evidence of a company’s business activities.
14.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-14 The Ledger The entire group of accounts is kept together in an accounting record called a ledger. Cash Accounts Payable Capital Stock Accounts are individual records showing increases and decreases.
15.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-15 The Use of Accounts Increases are recorded on one side of the T- account, and decreases are recorded on the other side. Left or Debit Side Right or Credit Side Title of Account
16.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-16 Let’s see how debits and credits are recorded in the Cash account for JJ’s Lawn Care Service.
17.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-17 Cash 5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500 5/25 75 5/8 2,000 5/29 750 5/28 150 5/31 50 5/31 4,125 Bal. Receipts are on the debit side. Payments are on the credit side. The balance is the difference between the debit and credit entries in the account. Debit and Credit Entries
18.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-18 A = L + OE ASSETS Debit for Increase Credit for Decrease EQUITIES Debit for Decrease Credit for Increase LIABILITIES Debit for Decrease Credit for Increase Debits and credits affect accounts as follows: Debit and Credit Rules
19.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-19 A = L + OE Debit balances Credit balances = In the double-entry accounting system, every transaction is recorded by equal dollar amounts of debits and credits. Double Entry AccountingThe Equality of Debits and Credits
20.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-20 Let’s record selected transactions for JJ’s Lawn Care Service in the accounts.
21.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-21 May 1: Jill Jones and her family invested $8,000 in JJ’s Lawn Care Service and received 800 shares of stock. Will Cash increase or decrease? Will Capital Stock increase or decrease?
22.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-22 Capital Stock 5/1 8,000 Cash 5/1 8,000 May 1: Jill Jones and her family invested $8,000 in JJ’s Lawn Care Service and received 800 shares of stock. Cash increases $8,000 with a debit. Capital Stock increases $8,000 with a credit.
23.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-23 May 2: JJ’s purchased a riding lawn mower for $2,500 cash. Will Cash increase or decrease? Will Tools & Equipment increase or decrease?
24.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-24 May 2: JJ’s purchased a riding lawn mower for $2,500 cash. Tools & Equipment 5/2 2,500 Cash 5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500 Cash decreases $2,500 with a credit. Tools & Equipment increases $2,500 with a debit.
25.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-25 May 8: JJ’s purchased a $15,000 truck. JJ’s paid $2,000 in cash and issued a note payable for the remaining $13,000. Will Truck increase or decrease? Will Cash and Notes Payable increase or decrease?
26.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-26 May 8: JJ’s purchased a $15,000 truck. JJ’s paid $2,000 in cash and issued a note payable for the remaining $13,000. Truck 5/8 15,000 Cash 5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500 5/8 2,000 Notes Payable 5/8 13,000 Truck increases $15,000 with a debit. Cash decreases $2,000 with a credit. Notes Payable increases $13,000 with a credit.
27.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-27 May 11: JJ’s purchased some repair parts for $300 on account. Will Tools & Equipment increase or decrease? Will Accounts Payable increase or decrease?
28.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-28 May 11: JJ’s purchased some repair parts for $300 on account. Tools & Equipment increases $300 with a debit. Accounts Payable increases $300 with a credit. Tools & Equipment 5/2 2,500 5/11 300 Accounts Payable 5/11 300
29.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-29 May 18: JJ’s sold half of the repair parts to ABC Lawns for $150, a price equal to JJ’s cost. ABC Lawns agrees to pay JJ’s within 30 days. Will Tools & Equipment increase or decrease? Will Accounts Receivable increase or decrease?
30.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-30 May 18: JJ’s sold half of the repair parts to ABC Lawns for $150, a price equal to JJ’s cost. ABC Lawns agrees to pay JJ’s within 30 days. Tools & Equipment decreases $150 with a credit. Accounts Receivable increases $150 with a debit. Tools & Equipment 5/2 2,500 5/18 150 5/11 300 Accounts Receivable 5/18 150
31.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-31 In an actual accounting system, transactions are initially recorded in the journal. GENERAL JOURNAL Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit 2005 May 1 Cash 8,000 Capital Stock 8,000 Owners invest cash in the business. The Journal
32.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-32 Posting involves copying information from the journal to the ledger accounts. Posting Journal Entries to the Ledger Accounts
33.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-33 GENERAL JOURNAL Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit 2005 May 1 Cash 8,000 Capital Stock 8,000 Owners invest cash in the business. General Ledger Cash Date Debit Credit Balance 2005 May 1 8,000 8,000 Posting Journal Entries to the Ledger Accounts
34.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-34 GENERAL JOURNAL Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit 2005 May 1 Cash 8,000 Capital Stock 8,000 Owners invest cash in the business. General Ledger Capital Stock Date Debit Credit Balance 2005 May 1 8,000 8,000 Posting Journal Entries to the Ledger Accounts
35.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-35 GENERAL JOURNAL Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit 2005 May 2 Tools & Equipment 2,500 Cash 2,500 Purchased lawn mower. Let’s see what the cash account looks like after posting the cash portion of this transaction for JJ’s Lawn Care Service. Posting Journal Entries to the Ledger Accounts
36.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-36 General Ledger Cash Date Debit Credit Balance 2005 May 1 8,000 8,000 2 2,500 5,500 This ledger format is referred to as a running balance. Ledger Accounts After Posting
37.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-37 General Ledger Cash Date Debit Credit Balance 2005 May 1 8,000 8,000 2 2,500 5,500 T accounts are simplified versions of the ledger account that only show the debit and credit columns. Ledger Accounts After Posting
38.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-38 JJ's Lawn Care Service Income Statement For the Month Ended May 31, 2005 Sales Revenue 750 $ Operating Expense: Gasoline Expense 50 Net Income 700 $ The income statement summarizes the profitability of a business for a specified period of time. The Income Statement: A Preview
39.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-39 Accounting Periods Time Period Principle To provide users of financial statements with timely information, net income is measured for relatively short accounting periods of equal length.
40.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-40 The Realization Principle: When To Record Revenue Realization Principle Revenue should be recognized at the time goods are sold and services are rendered.
41.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-41 The Matching Principle: When To Record Expenses Matching Principle Expenses should be recorded in the period in which they are used up.
42.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-42 Let’s analyze the revenue and expense transactions for JJ’s Lawn Care Service for the month of May. We will also analyze a dividend transaction.
43.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-43 May 29: JJ’s provided lawn care services for a client and received $750 in cash. Will Cash increase or decrease? Will Sales Revenue increase or decrease?
44.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-44 Sales Revenue 5/29 750 May 29: JJ’s provided lawn care services for a client and received $750 in cash. Cash increases $750 with a debit. Sales Revenue increases $750 with a credit. Cash 5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500 5/29 750 5/8 2,000
45.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-45 May 31: JJ’s purchased gasoline for the lawn mower and the truck for $50 cash. Will Cash increase or decrease? Will Gasoline Expense increase or decrease?
46.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-46 Gasoline Expense 5/31 50 May 31: JJ’s purchased gasoline for the lawn mower and the truck for $50 cash. Cash decreases $50 with a credit. Gasoline Expense increases $50 with a debit. Cash 5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500 5/29 750 5/8 2,000 5/31 50
47.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-47 May 31: JJ’s Lawn Care paid Jill Jones and her family a $200 dividend. Will Cash increase or decrease? Will Dividends increase or decrease?
48.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-48 Dividends 5/31 200 May 31: JJ’s Lawn Care paid Jill Jones and her family a $200 dividend. Cash decreases $200 with a credit. Dividends increase $200 with a debit. Cash 5/1 8,000 5/2 2,500 5/29 750 5/8 2,000 5/31 50 5/31 200
49.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-49 Now, let’s look at the Trial Balance for JJ’s Lawn Care Service for the month of May.
50.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-50 JJ's Lawn Care Service Unadjusted Trial Balance May 31, 2005 Cash 3,925 $ Accounts receivable 75 Tools & equipment 2,650 Truck 15,000 Notes payable 13,000 $ Accounts payable 150 Capital stock 8,000 Dividends 200 Sales revenue 750 Gasoline expense 50 Total 21,900 $ 21,900 $ All balances are taken from the ledger accounts on May 31 after considering all of JJ’s transactions for the month. Proves equality of debits and credits.
51.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-51 Journalize transactions. Post entries to the ledger accounts. Prepare trial balance. Make end-of- year adjustments. Prepare adjusted trial balance. Prepare financial statements. Prepare after-closing trial balance. Journalize and post closing entries. The Accounting Cycle
52.
© The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 2005 McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3-52 End of Chapter 3
Editor's Notes
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