System Network Administrator windows

1. Name Syed Abdul Hafeez Shah
Roll # Mcf2000659
Assignment SNAW
Question# 1:
How ReFS is different from other File system and how it is organized in B+ -tree
format?
Answer:
File System:
A file system is a process of managing how and where data on a storage disk, which is
also referred to as file management or FS. It is a logical disk component that compresses files
separated into groups, which is known as directories. It is abstract to a human user and related to
a computer; hence, it manages a disk's internal operations. Files and additional directories can be
in the directories. Although there are various file systems with Windows, NTFS is the most
common in modern times. It would be impossible for a file with the same name to exist and also
impossible to remove installed programs and recover specific files without file management, as
well as files would have no organization without a file structure. The file system enables you to
view a file in the current directory as files are often managed in a hierarchy.

2. ReFS:
ReFS is derived from Resilient File System, is a file system created by Microsoft for
Windows OS. It is designed to overcome some of the limitations of the New Technology File
System (NTFS). ReFS is designed to be more resilient against data corruption, perform better for
certain workloads, and scale better for very large file systems.
ReFS is different from FS:
In addition to the functionality related to a data integrity maintainance on media,
ReFS has the following main differences from the NTFS:
1. Usually higher performance, especially when using it with virtual machines.

3. 2. The theoretical volume size is 262144 exabytes (vs 16 for NTFS!).
3. The absence of a file path limit of 255 characters (32768 characters in ReFS).
4. "DOS file names" are not supported in ReFS (i.e., accessing the C:Program Files
folder on the C:progra~ 1 path will fail).
5. In NTFS, this feature was retained for compatibility with older software.
6. ReFS does not support compression, additional attributes and file system encryption
opposite to NTFS.
7. For ReFS the Bitlocker encryption is used.
8. ReFS is notable for its use of checksums for both metadata
and file data. Another notable feature of ReFS is the “copy-on-write” function.
ReFS is organized in B+ -tree format:
ReFS uses a B+ tree structure to manage data through metadata indexing. The tree
consists of the root, internal nodes and leaves. A B+ tree stores data in a branching pattern,
where each node in the tree has an ordered list of keys and pointers to lower-level nodes, or
leaves. Records are stored at the leaf level, which allows for more branches. This process lowers
disk I/O and provides better performance.

4. Question # 2:
How to apply permissions on nested folder and files?
Answer:
Follow these steps to apply permissions to the nestedfolder:
1. Open the properties dialog box for the top-level folder you want to adjust and click the
Security tab.
2. In the Select Users or Groups dialog box, enter Administrators and click OK.
3. Choose Administrators from the Group or User Names List at the top of the properties
dialog box, and then select the Allow box to the right of the Full Control entry in the
Permissions list. Click Add again.
4. This time, enter everyone in the Select Users or Groups dialog box and click OK.
5. Choose everyone from the Group or User Names List, and then select the Allow box to
the right of the Read & Execute entry in the Permissions list.

5. 6. Click the Advanced button to open the Advanced Security Settings dialog box.

6. 7. If necessary, clear the Inherit from Parent the Permission Entries That Apply to Child
Objects check box (and then select Copy when the security warning appears).
8. In the Select User Or Group dialog box, allow full control and click OK
9. In the Permission Entry dialog box, check the Full Control box, choose Subfolders only
from the Apply Onto list, and then click OK.