Ppt regarding various types of minerals and rocks

1. P R E S E N T A T I O N ON
M I N E R A L R E S O U R C E S
By:Arushi chaturvedi BBA 2nd shift semIII
Gauri laxmi BBA 2nd shift semIII
Harshika verma BBA 2nd shift semIII
himanshu yadav BBA 2nd shift semIII

2. INDEX
INTRODUCTION
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3. M I N E R A L R E S O U R C E S
Mineral resources are the naturally
occurring ores of minerals present
in the Earth’s crust of varying grade
and quality. These resources are of
economic importance as they can
be further processed and modified
to suit industrial requirements.

4. Minerals are grouped by their chemical composition. Silicates, oxides,
sulfates, sulfides, carbonates, native elements, and halides are all major
mineral groups.
Silicates- Silicate minerals contain silicon (Si) and oxygen (O), the two most
abundant elements in the earth’s crust. Common silicate minerals include:
olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite mica, muscovite mica, plagioclase
feldspar and quartz.
Oxides- Oxide minerals are made up of oxygen and one or more
metals.Common oxide minerals include: hematite and limonite
Sulfates- Sulfate minerals contain sulfur and oxygen (SO4) combined with
other elements. Common sulfate minerals include: gypsum and barite.
C A T E G O R I E S OF M I N E R A L S

5. Sulfites- Sulfide minerals contain sulfur and a metal. Common sulfide minerals
include: galena and pyrite.
Carbonates- Carbonate minerals contain carbonate (CO3), a combination of
carbon and oxygen, combined with other elements. Carbonate minerals
contain carbonate (CO3), a combination of carbon and oxygen, combined with
other elements.
Native elements- Native elements are minerals that form as individual
elements. Gold and copper are examples of metallic native elements.
Diamonds are a type of non-metallic native element.
Halides- Halides include such elements as chlorine and fluorine. Common
halide minerals include halite and fluorite.

6. 1. Metallic minerals- These minerals contain metal content and can be sub-divided into
three types:
· Precious metals- gold, silver, platinum etc.
·Ferrous metals- iron and other metals often mixed with iron to form various kinds of
steel.
· Non-ferrous metals- include metals like copper, lead, zinc, tin, aluminium etc.
2. Non-metallic minerals- These minerals do not contain metal content. Sulphur,
phosphates and nitrates are examples of non-metallic minerals. Cement is a mixture of
non-metallic minerals.
M E T A L L I C A N D N O N - M E T A L L I C M I N E R A L S

7. . Mineral resources are unevenly dispersed across space.
There is an inverse relationship between the quality and quantity of minerals, i.e.
the number of minerals of high quality is lower than the number of minerals of poor
quality.
They're non-renewable resources, i.e. they're depleted over time. The mineral
formation process is beyond human influence and cannot be accelerated.
Mineral resources have a distinct chemical composition and each mineral has its
own special chemical composition.
CHARACTERSTICS OF MINERALS

8. 1. It is used in construction of buildings, bridges and housing settlement.
2. In development of industries and machinery.
3. It is also used for generation of energy mainly Coal, petroleum and natural gas.
4. Used for development of defence equipment as well
.
5. Used in the field of communication like telephone, wires, cables, electronic devices etc.
6. Formation of alloys for various purposes.
7.Used for formation of ornaments like jewellery of gold, diamond, silver etc.
8. Used for synthesis of fertilizers, fungicides etc.
U S E S OF M I N E R A L S

9. EXPLOITATION OF MINERALS
Minerals are natural resources which are non-renewable thus we have to
conserve them
Due to increasing demand of minerals for industries they are extracted till they
are exhausted
Exploitation of mineral resources at a mindless speed to meet the growing needs
of modern civilization has resulted in many environmental problems.
Minerals and ores need to be extracted from the earth’s atmosphere this process
is known as mining

10. Due to mining there have been significant effects on the environment and they are as follows:
Environmental effects:
Air pollution
w hich
Blasting of rock s produce dust smog . C oal mines release methane g reen house g as
gradually causes global warming
Uranium mines and other radio active mines emit radiation
Heavy metals like sulphur dioxide pollute air which causes rain and affects flora and fauna
Example taj mahal
Water pollution
Mines use a lot of water to wash the impurities of coal etc from nearby lakes, resources which
leads to water resources being depleted and leftover chemicals are sometimes released in water
that leads to the water being contaminated
E F F E C T S OF E X P L O T A T I O N OF M I N E R A L R E S O U R C E S

11. Largescale deforestation
Mining requires plain land without trees
Damageto ecosystem
Ecological balance is disturbed asrelease of toxins affect the life and health of plants
and animals
D I S A S T E R S
Mining poses severaloccupational hazards large explosions have occurred in coal
mineskilling manyminers
Dust produced during miningoperations is injurious to health and causesalung
diseaseknownasblack lung.
Nowlets talk about somethingthat happened in real life due to over exploitationof
mineral resources:

12. C A S E S T U D Y I
ThE r AMPANT COAL MI NI NG I N NAGALAND, COUPLED w I Th w As TE DI s ChAr GE Fr OM TEA Es TATEs AND
ENCrOAChMENT hAVE BEEN sOUNDING DEATh kNELLs FOr RIVEr BhOGDOI IN AssAM.
MANGANEsE CONTAMINATION:
IN 2019, ThE UNION MINIsTry OF ENVIrONMENT, FOrEsT AND CLIMATE ChANGE DECLArED BhOGDOI As ONE OF ThE
MOsT POLLUTED r I V E r s IN AssAM AND 351sT AMONG ThE POLLUTED r I V E r s IN ThE COUNTry.
IN JUNE OF 2019 DEAD F I s h w E r E sIGhTED IN sEVErAL ArEAs ALONG ThE BANks. ThEsE DEAThs w E r E LINkED TO
CONTAMINATION. LOCALs IN JOrhAT CITy AND NEIGhBOUrING MArIANI COMPLAINED OF wATEr TUrNING sTICky
AND MUrky.
COAL MI NI NG I N NAGALAND I NTr ODUCED hI Gh LEVELs OF MANGANEs E I N ThE r I VEr, AN I NVEs TI GATI ON
CONDUCTED By ThE PUBLIC HEALTh AND ENGINEErING DEPArTMENT (PHED) OF JOrhAT DIVIsION INDICATED.
ThE DEPAr TMENT ALs O s UGGEs TED DECONTAMI NATI NG ThE w ATEr BEFOr E s UPPLyI NG TO TOw Ns AND TEs TI NG
sEVErAL TIMEs BEFOrE sUPPLyING FOr CONsUMPTION.
ThE CONTAMINATED wATEr rAIsED sErIOUs hEALTh CONCErNs AMONG PEOPLE IN MArIANI, ArOUND 18
kILOMETrEs FrOM JOrhAT, MOsTLy INhABITED By TEA GArDEN w O r k E r s AND DEPENDENT ON BhOGDOI FOr
DrINkING wATEr.
LOCALs IN MArIANI hAD ALsO COMPLAINED OF TEA BrEwED FrOM IT TAsTING BITTEr. “WE PANICkED AFTEr
FINDING ThE wATEr sTICky AND COMPLAINED TO ThE ADMINIsTrATION. ThE OFFICIALs hAVE AssUrED Us OF
LOOkING INTO ThE MATTEr,” sAID RAjU LEPChA, 34, A TEA GArDEN wOrkEr.
ChEMICAL wAsTE FrOM ThE TEA GArDENs IN MArIANI I s ALsO BELIEVED TO BE TUrNING ThE r I V E r POIsONOUs
AND POLLUTED.

13. ON DECEMBEr 20, ThE NATIONAL GrEEN TrIBUNAL (NGT) OrDErED ALL MINING ACTIVITIEs wIThIN 10 kM OF ThE
SArIskA TIGEr REsErVE sTOPPED. ThEy COULD rEsTArT ONLy AFTEr hAVING ThEIr MINING LEAsEs CLEArED
By A sTANDING COMMITTEE sET UP By ThE NATIONAL BOArD OF WILDLIFE.
ThE NGT OrDEr wAs IssUED ON ThE BACk OF AN APPEAL ThAT ChALLENGED ENVIrONMENTAL CLEArANCEs
GrANTED TO MINEs wIThIN 10 kM OF ThE rEsErVE’s BOUNDAry.
ThE CLEArANCEs hAD BEEN GrANTED By ThE STATE ENVIrONMENTAL IMPACT AssEssMENT AUThOrITy,
RAjAsThAN, AND ThE DIsTrICT-LEVEL ENVIrONMENTAL IMPACT AssEssMENT AUThOrITy, ALwAr.
ThE SArIskA TIGEr REsErVE I s LOCATED ALwAr
. IT I s A PrOTECTED ArEA ThAT ALsO hAs ThE ‘NATIONAL PArk’ AND ‘TIGEr rEsErVE’ TAGs.
IT I s sITUATED IN ThE ArAVALLI MOUNTAIN rANGE, OVEr ThE Dry DECIDUOUs FOrEsTs OF ThE
GUjArAT-RAjAsThAN-MADhyA PrADEsh ECOrEGION.
ThE rEsErVE I s hOME, AMONG OThErs, TO ThE BENGAL TIGEr, hyENA, jACkAL, sAMBAr, ChITAL, NILGAI, ThE
INDIAN PEAFOwL, TrEEPIE, ETC.
C A S E S T U D Y II

14. C O N S E R V A T I O N OF M I N E R A L R E S O U R C E S
CONsErVATION OF MINErALs
ThE IMPOrTANCE OF MINErALs IN ThE ECONOMy AND IN DAILy LIFE MAy BE sEEN IN ThE
FACT ThAT ThE sUBsTANCEs AND OBjECTs MADE FrOM ThEM hAVE BECOME AN INTEGrAL
PArT OF hUMAN LIFE. MINErALs ArE ALsO FrEqUENTLy UsED IN INDUsTry AND
AGrICULTUrE, EIThEr DIrECTLy Or INDIrECTLy. BECAUsE OF ThE NATUrE OF MINErALs,
ThEIr sCArCITy, AND rIsING DEMAND, hUMAN CIVILIZATION I s BEING FOrCED TO
DIsCOVEr sOLUTIONs TO CONsErVE MINErALs.
ThEy ArE NON-rENEwABLE AND DIsPErsED UNEVENLy. WE hAVE A VEry LIMITED AMOUNT
OF MINErAL rEsOUrCEs ACCEssIBLE TO Us. IT ACCOUNTs FOr ONLy 1% OF ThE EArTh’s
CrUsT. MINErALs ArE NONrENEwABLE, AND wE ArE FAsT DEPLETING ThEM. IF IT BECOMEs
DEPLETED, IT MAy TAkE MILLIONs OF yEArs TO rEFOrM Or IT MAy NEVEr rEFOrM.
IF ThEy ArE MIsUsED, ThEy wILL qUICkLy DEPLETE AND BECOME UNAVAILABLE TO FUTUrE
GENErATIONs
CONTrOLLING ThEIr UsAGE AND CONsErVING MINErALs I s CrITICAL FOr ThE FUTUrE.

15. MINErAL CONsErVATION MAy BE ACCOMPLIshED IN ThrEE wAys:
rEDUCE, rECyCLE, AND rEUsE.
·YOU MAy CUT DOwN ON ThE AMOUNT OF GArBAGE yOU PrODUCE By BEING sELECTIVE ABOUT whAT
yOU TOss OUT.
·RETUr NI NG A w As TE Pr ODUCT TO A LOCATI ON w hEr E I T I s CONVEr TED I NTO ThE s AME Or A
DIFFErENT PrODUCT I s rEFErrED TO As rECyCLING.
·ThE rECyCLING OF METALs wILL ALsO AssIsT TO rEDUCE DEMAND.
MINErALs CAN BE CONsErVED IN A VArIETy OF wAys, INCLUDING
· MINErALs shOULD BE UTILIsED IN A sTrATEGIC AND LONG-TErM MANNEr.
·TEChNOLOGy s hOULD BE I MPr OVED s O ThAT POOr -Gr ADE Or E MAy BE Us ED AT A r EAs ONABLE
COsT.
· METAL rECyCLING ALsO CONTrIBUTEs TO ThE CONsErVATION OF MINErAL rEsOUrCEs.
· NON-CONVENTIONAL sOUrCEs OF ENErGy shOULD BE UsED TO GENErATE POwEr.
·EVEry INDIVIDUAL shOULD TAkE LITTLE EFFOrTs, sUCh As TAkING PUBLIC TrANsPOrTATION,
CArPOOLING, AND TUrNING OFF LIGhTs AND FANs whEN NOT IN UsE.(ThIs I s DUE TO ThE FACT ThAT
COAL I s UsED TO CrEATE 70% OF INDIA’s POwEr.)
· UsING ENErGy-sAVING EqUIPMENT ALsO hELPs TO sAVE MINErALs AND ENErGy rEsOUrCEs.

16. Uranium
Coal
Gold
Iron ore
Lead
Zinc
Mag nesium
Tungsten
Diamond
Feldspar
Quartz
Mica
S O M E M A J O R M I N E R A L S OF I N D I A

17. B I B L I O G R A P H Y
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_resource_classification#:~:text=A%20'Minera
l%20Resource'%20is%20a,prospects%20for%20eventual%20economic%20extract
ion.
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/pollution/coal-mining-waste-discharge-
encroachment-river-bhogdoi-has-been-dying-a-slow-death-78852
https://thewire.in/environment/mining-suspended-in-10-km-wide-zone-around-
sariska-tiger-reserve
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18. T H A N K YOU !