hospital literature review

1. ASHFAQ AHMAD
LITERATURE REVIEW
ROLL NO : 20-08
PROJECT: HOSPITAL DESIGN

2. A hospital is a healthcare center staffed with
trained medical professionals and equipped
with specialized tools to provide treatment
for patients. Hospitals are essential for both
individual patient care and for advancing
medical knowledge and training healthcare
workers.
INTRODUCTION: HISTORY:
The word “HOSPITAL” ordinated from latine “HOSPICE”
In early Greek and Roman civilizations, The temples of the gods were used as hospitals.
The very first hospital was built by Romans between 1096 and 1291......it’s a large
single room like structure....Where sick or injured people were used to be kept.

3. TYPES OF HOSPITAL
System vise
Function
Level wise
Specialty wise Owner wise
Size wise
Type of
hospital
CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITAL
system size function specially
owner
hospital
Allopathic
Homeopathy
Ayurvedic
Unani Siddha
Naturopathy
Yogic
50 Primary Govt. General
150 Care Private Specialist
200 Secondary Volun. Super
250 Care specialist
1000 Tertiary Teaching
1500
above
care Research

4. GENERAL HOSPITAL RELATIONSHIP
Research &
teaching
Outpatient
Admin
Diagnostic
& treatment
Inpatient
Service
G
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5. FUNCTIONALITY FLOW CHART
Admin
ambulance
Staff,patient,visitors Service& help
Out patients
Patients & staff

6. Admin
INTERNAL ZONNING
Administration department Out patient department
STAFF, PATIENTS, VISITORS
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

7. GENERAL requirements
1:Prioritize easy access for
patients with disabilities.
2:Ensure flat grades and wide
sidewalks for wheelchair users.
3:Maintain free and clear
circulation routes for patient
transfer.
4:Corridors and paths should have
a minimum width of 2.44 meters
Accessibility:
All areas, both inside and out should:
LIGHTING:
• Window areas 20%-30% of the external wall
are likely to give a satisfactory view.
• reduces feelings of isolation and
claustrophobiaIt.
• provides contact with the outside world may
help patients recover more quickly.
LIGHT FROM THE SKY
• Gives excellent colour rendering.
• Making many clinical tasks easier
• This short-term variation in daylight gives
variety and interest.
• A lack of windows gives a constant
environment, which is potentially boring and
depressing
DAY LIGHTING
VIEW OUT

8. GENERAL requirements
CIRCULATION:
General view
of hospital
circulation to
main zones.

9. GENERAL requirements
SIGNAGE:
Hospitals need clear, concise
signs for guidance and
communication.
PARKING:
A hospital and other health
facilities shall provide a
parking space.

10. TYPESOFENTTRANCES:
Hospital entrances include:
1:Emergency entrance.
2:In-patient (I.P.D) entry.
3:Out-patient (O.P.D) entry.
4:Separate service entry.
5:Administration wing entry.
Main entry features:
Easy circulation.
Large waiting area.
Public facilities (ATM, phone booths, coffee
stands, reception).
Some modern hospitals also have a florist
shop.

11. Civil engineering Electrical engineering
Mechanical engineering
SERVICES
water
Plumbing
Drainage
Sanitation
Air conditioning
Refrigeration
Illumination
Electrical supply
Gas supply
communication
Fire protection
Waste Disposal System
Barrier free,
Circulation
Ventilation
furniture
Color thery
Miscellaneous
services
SERVICES IN
HOSPITAL

12. LANDSCAPE IN HOSPITAL
INDOOR LANDSCAPE
Indoor plants have been shown to be incredibly revitalising and
have been examined for their health benefits all over the world.
HORTICULTURE THERAPHY
Horticulture therapy (HT) is a method of using plants to enhance one’s
body, mind, and soul by engaging in horticultural activities and
increasing one’s awareness of the natural world
HEALING GARDEN
Therapeutical
indoor plants

13. SIGNAGE
There shall be an effective graphic system composed of a number of individual visual aids and
devices arranged to provide information, orientation, direction, identification, prohibition, warning
and official notice considered essential to the optimum operation of a hospital and other health
facilities.

14. WASTEDISPOSAL
• hospital waste are the waste produced in the course
of health care activities during treating diagnosing
and immunizing human beings.
• 75 to 90% non hazardous or general waste.
• 10 to 15% hazardous.

15. COLOUR THEORY :
A positive and comforting aura is a must for any hospital. And a cheerful colour scheme
works wonders in creating that positivism.
The colour choice is related to psychological, visual, aesthetic, and technical aspects of
human made environments.
In the context of hospitals and medicine:
1:Green is commonly associated with hospitals, representing life, freshness, safety,
and a positive environment.
2:White symbolizes purity, innocence, and cleanliness, creating a sense of safety and
sterility. It's often used for walls and is why medical professionals wear white
uniforms.
3:The contrast between red and green is beneficial in surgery, making it easier to spot
blood. Looking at green scrubs during surgery helps preserve the eye's sensitivity to
red, crucial for identifying blood.
It increases adrenaline and elevates blood pressure so avoid using it
when patient suffering from hypertension and also elevate
depression.
It is best color for hospitals and particularly for childrens rooms.it
radiates warmthand is associated with joy and happiness.
It is particularly recommended for patients with skin problems .it can
inspire creativity in people who feel sluggish or lethargic
It is for balanced healing properties . It is a restful colour that
symbolises growth and renewal & encourages comfort and
equilibrium and is particularly beneficial for the heart , lungs and
circulatory system.
It helps lower pressure and can reduce rapid heart rate. And relaxing
for mind and body .it is associated with organs like eyes , ears and
nose and involved with the senses of smell ,sight and sound
It is a protective and compassionate colour that heals and soothes .
The light-hearted colour can stimulate happiness . Too much of bright
pink might stimulate energy and incite passionate behaviour .