1. ‘Digistain’
Mid Infrared Chemical Imaging For
Cancer Diagnosis,
Trialling A New Technology
Supervisor: Prof. Chris Phillips
By
A Nisa M A

2. Special Gratitude
Digistain Team, Imperial College London
Prof. Chris Phillips
Dr. Hemmel Amrania
Laurence Drummond
Katy Morgan
Andres Olivares
Pathologist, Charing Cross Hospital & ICL
Prof. Sami Shousha

3. Trial Objectives
1. Reproducibility
2. Correlation: Digistain – Cancer Grading

4. The Issues
1. Folded samples
2. Sample delay
3. Bad images
4. Zero & Negative PA ratio
5. Invasive samples difficulties

5. Trial Achievement
1. Data reproducibility
2. Two data analysis methods
3. Strong correlation of Digistain Index vs
Histopathology Cancer Grading
4. Additional system improvement

6. Significance of Digistain
1. Objective diagnosis
2. Quantitative cancer malignancy marker
3. Cost effective instrument
4. Fast and easy to use
5. Contribute correct and effective treatment
6. Contribute reduce cancer morbidity &
mortality rate

7. Carcinoma of the Breast
 Serious condition of breast disorder
 Mostly adenocarcinomas (glandular/secretory cells
origin)
 Originate in the epithelium (mammary ducts or
lobular glands)
 Vast majority are ductal origin
 2 types: Intraduct (DCIS) or Infiltrating (Invasive)
 Peak incident a decade before menopause
 Non-invasive (DCIS) & Invasive

8. Digistain Principle
1. Imaging at 4 wavelengths: Ap, Ab, Pp, Pb
2. P/A ratio N/C ratio Tumour malignancy
marker
3. Digistain Index: sum of mean PA ratio/no.
of sample, in a cancer grade class

10. P/A Ratio

11. The Digistain Trial
2 Batches | 59 samples | 42 imaged | 37 graded | 11-G1 | 21-G2 | 5-G3
35 Invasive, 2 DCIS
7 DCIS (controlled samples)
Tissue Thresholding [0.6]
2 Analysis Methods
Digistain Index, DI – Cancer Grading Correlation

12. Reproducibility Assessment
Tests Reproducibility Tests (20 images) Digistain Index (DI) - Grade
Cases Full frame
Cancer area
(132pixel)
5 areas
(25pixel) DI - G1 DI - G2 DI - G3
Average 0.6259 0.3696 0.4257 0.4992 0.5046 0.5076
Std Dev 0.0081 0.0071 0.0099 0.0308 0.0572 0.0200
Std Error 0.0019 0.0016 0.0023 0.0093 0.0125 0.0089
% Std Error 0.30% 0.44% 0.54% 1.86% 2.47% 1.76%

13. Method 1 Method 2
Analysis Methods

15. Digistain Index vs Cancer Grade
:: Strong Linear Correlation, r = 0.9861 ::

16. Threshold | No Threshold

17. Tissue Thresholdings

18. The Improvement
1. Current program: thresholding blocks at
peak images
2. New labview program: bad image
elimination
3. Analysis: 3rd method, eliminates tissue
intermixing at peak images

19. Thresholding Block added for Method 3

20. Special Remarks
Overwhelming Positive Reaction From Pathologists
in
European Congress of Pathology

21. Future Works
1. Reduce the error bars overlapping
between G1 & G3
2. Correlation: DI & life expectancy

22. Conclusion
The Significance of Digistain

23. 1. Quantitative and refined cancer malignancy
marker
2. Objective histopathology diagnosis technique
3. Cost effective instrument
4. Fast and easy to use
5. Contribute mainly for the correct and effective
treatment
6. Contribute to reduce cancer morbidity &
mortality rate
Significance of Digistain

24. THANK YOU