BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AIR PURIFIERS 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AIR PURIFIERS 2 Air Purifiers: Bibliography The History of Air Purifiers is an article under the General Health section of the Free Drinking Water site. The article discusses the history and technology about air purifiers. In that period of time, they are just made as simple protective air respirators that can protect users from inhaling the negative elements in the air.The authors contend that the concept of air purification, as well as air purification products, have been invented for quite some time. For instance, the breathing mask used by firefighters was invented in 1823 by Charles and John Dean. In 1854, John Stenhouse made an improvement to the technology by inventing a filter design based on charcoal. In 1871, John Tyndall improved the technology further by inventing a respirator. The article announced that the concept of air purification came out due to firefighting. Nowadays, there are many companies that invest those productions in the commercialization of these air cleaning products. They put those cleaning product into the market and put them in to large-scale production. Several companies are investing their capitals to the further development of the air purifier technology. The technology of HEPA air filter was a significant mile stone in the technology used to clean air(APEC,nd). This technology has gradually evolved to be adjustable, affordable and feasible for home use. There are many companies that invest those productions in the commercialization of these air cleaning products. According to APEC, the technology about air purification increases alongside an advancement in the commercial viability of air-purifying products. They put those cleaning product into the market and put them in to large-scale production.However, it is also claims that Multiple Chemical Sensitivity has been a problem to air filtration over the years. Although the problem is being identified effectively, it has not been fully endorsed by the medical community. As for now, air-cleaning products are doing better than before. Microscopic allergens, toxic gasses and other pollutants including trapping particles are being dealt with effectively. The article plans that the future will bring about paramount advances that will make the quality of air much better (APEC,nd). The main purpose of this article is to bring to light the facts about air purification technology. The authors mentioned that most consumers have a very little idea about how air purification technology came into existence. Remarkably, it can be find from the article that the air purifier was invented to eliminate different types of harmful and irritating contaminants from the air. Although the purifiers are mainly used by people who have respiratory problems or those who suffe ...

1. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AIR PURIFIERS
1
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AIR PURIFIERS
2
Air Purifiers: Bibliography
The History of Air Purifiers is an article under the General
Health section of the Free Drinking Water site. The article
discusses the history and technology about air purifiers. In that
period of time, they are just made as simple protective air
respirators that can protect users from inhaling the negative
elements in the air.The authors contend that the concept of air
purification, as well as air purification products, have been
invented for quite some time. For instance, the breathing mask
used by firefighters was invented in 1823 by Charles and John
Dean. In 1854, John Stenhouse made an improvement to the
technology by inventing a filter design based on charcoal. In
1871, John Tyndall improved the technology further by
inventing a respirator. The article announced that the concept of
air purification came out due to firefighting. Nowadays, there
are many companies that invest those productions in the
commercialization of these air cleaning products. They put
those cleaning product into the market and put them in to large-
scale production. Several companies are investing their capitals
to the further development of the air purifier technology. The
technology of HEPA air filter was a significant mile stone in the
technology used to clean air(APEC,nd).
This technology has gradually evolved to be adjustable,
affordable and feasible for home use. There are many companies
that invest those productions in the commercialization of these
air cleaning products. According to APEC, the technology about
air purification increases alongside an advancement in the

2. commercial viability of air-purifying products. They put those
cleaning product into the market and put them in to large-scale
production.However, it is also claims that Multiple Chemical
Sensitivity has been a problem to air filtration over the years.
Although the problem is being identified effectively, it has not
been fully endorsed by the medical community. As for now,
air-cleaning products are doing better than before. Microscopic
allergens, toxic gasses and other pollutants including trapping
particles are being dealt with effectively. The article plans that
the future will bring about paramount advances that will make
the quality of air much better (APEC,nd).
The main purpose of this article is to bring to light the facts
about air purification technology. The authors mentioned that
most consumers have a very little idea about how air
purification technology came into existence. Remarkably, it can
be find from the article that the air purifier was invented to
eliminate different types of harmful and irritating contaminants
from the air. Although the purifiers are mainly used by people
who have respiratory problems or those who suffer from
allergies, they are currently being used commercially, in homes
and outdoor. The evolution of the air purification technology
has been based on safety, reliability and functionality. APG
mention that air purification technology dates back to the 16th
century. In that period of time, they are just made as simple
protective air respirators that can protect users from inhaling
the negative elements in the air. (APG,2010)
The concept was developed further into the 17th and 18 century
especially by Leonardo da Vinci, who used woven fine cloths
dipped in water to protect sailors from inhaling toxic powder
sometimes used as a weapon. The air purification technology
got a major boost in the 19th century as supplementary and
complementary technology both got a boost from the world
wars. The first actual air purifier called the “simple filter
system” was created in the year 1963 by the German mechanical
engineer, Klaus and Manfred Hammes. It was made to absorb
the dusts that bring from the cold air in ovens. Consumers took

3. in this technology because it helped to reduce the tendencies of
asthma in the households. As time passed, this concept is
developed into air filtering devices in the big equipment for
remove the irritating contaminants found in the air. Over time,
modern air purifiers are characterized by much higher
technology which allows them to be used both domestically and
commercially.The examples include the HEPA Filter, the
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation, the Activated Carbon and the
Ionizer Purifiers(APG,2010)
This online lesson is a description and explanation of how
different pollutant control methods work. Furthermore, it
explains how appropriate air purification technology works and
also the different technologies that firms use to clean up air
pollution. Obviously, there are several modern industrial
technologies that prevent air pollution as well as help its
cleaning.The concern for air pollution started during the
industrialization period. The Clean Air Act that is first issued in
the year 1970 aimed for the regulation of the pollutants that are
released into the air. Due to the industrial revolution period,
there are large amounts of criteria pollutants that are released
into the air. It causes the disease and made negative influences
in human’s life. According to the article, it is become more and
more important for individuals to be aware of major
environmental challenges that our planet is facing.It is worth
noting that devising new techniques and ways of preventing or
purify air pollution is a big challenge for engineers. While the
problem of air pollution from industrial activity, it is indeed a
responsibility of each and everyone in the world. Therefore,
Air purification is done both domestically and commercially.
There are both industrial cleaning methods and natural cleaning
methods. The article notes that the government has been on the
forefront of fighting air pollution. For example, it cites an air
pollution Act policies in the USA which is still in a bid to
handle the environmental pollution that had become more and
more serious in the country. Also,the US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to establish standards to the company

4. or the organizations for reduce the release of these types of air
pollutants. It is significant that air purification technology
being a worldwide concern which is related to the comfortable
of the planet that can effectively supports life (Teaching
Engineering, 2016).
According to this article, the best performing air
purifiers is one which has more than one filter technology.
Furthermore, it is advised that to obtain best results, the HEPA
style filtration is used as the best technology. HEPA defined as
'High Efficiency Particulate Air', developed in the 1940s.
Currently, it is the most reliable and efficient air purification
technology in use. In the article, electrostatic air purifiers are
almost similar with the HEPA technology although they do not
use filters. The ozone generator is also another air purification
technology that has been use for a considerable period. The
article discusses the feasibility and reliability of air purification
technology. The discussion aims to helping both domestic and
commercial consumers of these products to choose the best
technology that can effective to cleans the air. The article
advises that not all ozone generators are effective for home use.
The article also mention that there are several air filtration
methods that improve these technologies. They include pre-
filters, activated carbon and ultraviolet light. Therefore,
selecting the most effective technology should be an important
thing to consider (Air Purifier,nd).

5. References
Air Purifiers, (nd). Understanding Air Purifier Technology:a
Consumer’s Guide to Air Purifiers. Retrieved from
http://www.airpurifiers.com/pages/hepa-is-key-for-air-purifiers
APEC, (n.d.). The History of Air Purifiers. Retrieved from
http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/general-health/air/history-of-
air-purifiers.php
APG, (2010). The History of Purifiers. Air Purifier Guide.
Retrieved from http://www.airpurifierguide.org/tech/the-
history-of-air-purifiers
Teaching Engineering, (2016). Lesson: Pollution
Solution
s. Teach Engineering. Retrieved from
https://www.teachengineering.org/view_lesson.php?url=collecti
on/cub_/lessons/cub_air/cub_air_lesson10.xml
Running Head: YOLANDA GARCIA
1

6. YOLANDA GARCIA
Yolanda Garcia
Reference List
1. Potteiger, M., & Purinton, J. (1998). Landscape narratives:
Design practices for telling stories. New York: J. Wiley.
They firmly believe a certain control will benefit them, as they
are weaker in their minds. The narrative then flows backward,

7. tracing the transition the girls had to make as they strive to
create an identity that is both Latina and American. As implied
in the title, language plays a vital role in the
transculturalization of the Garcia girls, into their assimilation
into American popular culture. The acquisition of English
language skills as well as American argot was a vital step in the
Garcia girls' forging of their dual identity.
2. Johnson, K. L. (2005). Julia Alvarez: Writing a new place on
the map. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico press.
Alvarez gives many examples throughout the novel that depict
the female characters as trying to both challenge and conform to
the tradition gender roles expected of them by their traditional
Dominican heritage. The youngest of the sister challenged and
conformed at times many of the traditional general roles
expected of her by her patriarchal culture. It can be argued that
sisters assimilated to the American society’s gender roles
quicker and easier than her sisters because she was the youngest
when they moved to America she only really experienced her
traditional Hispanic culture when going back to spend summers
with her extended family.
3. Porter, D., & Garcia, Y. (1998). Remember who you are.
Sedona, AZ: New Life Publications.
The American versions of each are free-thinking, independent
woman, while the Hispanic versions are almost treated as
second-class citizens whose value is held in how well they can

8. cook and clean for their men. Throughout the novel, the Garcia
sisters fight to find out who they truly are American-Hispanics
or Hispanic-Americans. In the end, all four girls learn to
balance their Hispanic heritage with their contradictory
American ties.
4. Garcia, . C. Y. (2008). El proceso ejecutivo en el contencioso
administrativo. Bogotá: Ediciones Nueva Juridica.
An inner conflict of abandoning her traditions takes shape for
Sandi in the section of the flamenco dancers and a drunken Mrs.
Fanning. Mrs. Fanning represents the liberal and wild American
culture, rudely interrupting the flamenco dancers and making a
fool of herself, while the dancers represent the beauty,
sensuality and grace of Sandi’s Dominican roots. This is a place
where the society agreed with any demands and made
everything change fast.
5. Alvarez, Julia. (2010). How the Garcia Girls Lost Their
Accents. Turtleback Books.
Many of the characters felt pressure from two sources, the
patriarchal culture that promotes traditional gender roles and
society of nineteen-sixties and seventies America. Dominican
tradition heavily enforces the patriarchal family and leaves little
room for female empowerment or individuality, whereas in the
United States, the sixties and seventies were times of
increasingly liberal views and a rise in feminist ideals. This

9. conflict shaped the identities of the characters in Alvarez’s
novel and often tore the characters apart for one another
6. In Champion, L., & In Austin, R. (2002). Contemporary
American women fiction writers: An A-to-Z guide. Westport,
Conn: Greenwood Press.
7. Ropers-Huilman, B. (2003). Gendered futures in higher
education: Critical perspectives for change. Albany: State
University of New York Press.
8. Great American writers: twentieth century: Volume 4, Eliot -
Frost. (2002). NY: Marshall Cavendish.
2
What are housing prices in China’s major cities going to be in a
future decade?
Introduction
To begin this research proposal , it seems very important to note
that China is becoming a super state in the last decade. That is
why that every detail should be zoomed and investigated

10. properly. My task is to both comment on and ponder over the
situation around house prices and to give the forecasts of the
future housing price in China. First, I will properly examine the
root of the situation stated earlier. Comment by Author: What
do you mean by “super state” and how does this impact your
chosen topic?
History
If people just look back to the situation in the last few years,
they would actually observe the following: the House Price
Index began was lower than GDP per capita in 2012. However,
the actual situation of that both indicators are increasing in
these years. Many Chinese dwellers are complaining and
claiming that the average citizen of Beijing has to neither eat
food nor drink for approximately eighty years just to buy a floor
space of around one hundred square meters. Actually, in the
three main cities of China, this is not exaggerated. This
situation has become worse, because the population is
expanding and the space of he these city is limited.
The property market in China is likely going to be strong and
medium oriented. According to Global Property Guide (2015),
“T[t]hat's because the government seems almost certain to
continue its expansion policies. The housing market is deeply
intertwined with China's rebalancing from export-led growth to
domestic-led growth.” Comment by Author: Are you referring
to demand?

11. I decided to take this topic, because I heard a lot of information
about this phenomenon and this problem is becoming serious in
recent years, which could even take away people’s happiness.
Beijing is the city I’m most familiar with in the world, so I
really want to explore how the housing price is going to be in
the future. The housing price is closely bound up with each one
in China and all people in the main cities are struggling.
Although the great problem on possessing a home is
being revealed, some Chinese (especially in Beijing) have found
a way out. They begin to live in the so-called heavenly bushes.
They barely have something common with apartments that
American people have got accustomed to, but Chinese people
are glad to have at least such ones. Comment by Author: You
need to provide more detail about what these are. Consider that
the average American reader probably hasn’t ever hear this
phrase and would have no idea what it means.
The Problem Itself
One famous expert in China has concluded that the
demand for housing is increasing due to four possible reasons:
the development of urban city, family expansions, growth of the
average income, and unbalanced demand of housing in cities of
China. These four factors led to a continuing growth in demand,
which pushes the housing price to be higher. Comment by
Author: Who?Comment by Author: This needs a supporting
citation since it clearly comes from an outside source.

12. Also, the housing price competition is so intense so that
housing price would have a continuing rapid rise by comparing
with each other. It could also cause china’s housing price in the
major cities accelerate.
Of course, a question concerning a floor space is always related
to the country’s policy. This actually means that the topic
exactly affects the life either in future or before the present
moment. Earlier, I mentioned that China is becoming a
superpower. If a country is entering a very new level, this will
undoubtedly affect its economic situation and the housing prices
would definitely step into a new levwllevel.
There is also the information telling us that the greatest amount
of houses will be built in China. This seems to be real due to
the existing urbanization. Thus, the necessity of obtaining the
houses will absolutely increase in the next some years. Here,
the actual main problem may appear: there is an enormous lack
of housing nowadays; It is truly hard to find moderate prices for
the existing habitations. By the way, China appears to be an
implicit leader considering the amount of housing estates by
cities that are inconsistent with the generally accepted
standards.
The mortgage market promises to increase sufficiently. In such
a way, people will be able to buy a floor space freer than some
time ago. It should be highlighted that China will definitely
specialize deeply in bad condition habitations replacement

13. rather than in constructing new buildings.
How to Solve a Problem
According to Cox (2010), “O[o]nly thirteen per cent of
the 31 million new houses were affordable to lower and middle
income people” during the previous years. Moreover, there is a
great difference between new luxury and both middle and lower
income units. Thus, how to fix the housing problems in those
major cities in China and how to provide people a better living
standard in those cities are really tough.
To improve the situation existing, there are some quick
decisions that have to be made. Firstly, it will be better to build
available floor space at the relevant place. Actually, the suburbs
are to be favorable and well equipped with the solid
infrastructure. This will surely increase the economic potential
of poor people.
Secondly, it seems right to increase the effectiveness of
building. It will be reached due to the help of standardization
and utilizing more sufficient technologies.
Thirdly, the banking system within China should develop.
Consequently, the system of risk management at state level will
renovate with guaranteeing macroeconomic stability and low
inflation rate.
Last but not least is to probably create the group of operators of
the state level, which will perform repair works. It is going to
be a very decisive and important step, because usually

14. expenditures for maintenance and tendance is about twenty-
thirty per cent of all habituation expenditures per year. If the
Chinese government lower them, this will lead to greater floor
space’s availability. At the same time, the quality of
maintenance should not turn to the worse.
To sum up, it appears fairly necessary to highlight the housing
problem that this super state has met. Not as any other
countries, China faces more serious problems. The question of
housing price is very close to almost every Chinese. Taking the
facts before into account, I can roughly make a prediction that
in the future ten years China will resort to constructing a big
quantity of swelling houses. If the government will be able to
keep pace with prospering urbanization, the situation around
available habituations is going to stabilize.
References
Global Property Guide. (2015). China’s Property Market Soars
to New Highs. Financial Overview. Retrieved from
http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Asia/China/Price-
HistoryComment by Author: Don’t include full urls, only the
top level url is necessary.
Cox, W. (2010). China’s Sliver of a Housing Bubble. New
Geography. Retrieved from

15. http://www.newgeography.com/content/001733-chinas-sliver-a-
housing-bubblComment by Author: Chang,
While you do provide some background on why you are
interested in this topic, you don’t really address why your
reader (remember, for this paper your “reader” is the average
GRC student) should care about this. Certainly, some GRC
students are Chinese, but is the “average” GRC student…not
really.
Similarly, you provide some ideas about what you may propose
in your final project, but you don’t actually state the specific
research question you are posing. A reader can infer your
objectives from your list of “changes” that you proscribe at the
end. But these statements are more fitting in a final project.
Here, they should be stated more generally, for example “My
third objective is to examine the Chinese banking system to
discover what, if any, changes in the mortgage industry are
needed to improve the Chinese housing system”. The point of
the proposal is not to argue your position but to introduce your
reader to the topic and what you will be researching.
80/100

16. Air Purifiers
1
Air Purifiers 5
Air Purifiers
Introduction:
There are many technologies in the engineering field that
provide effective ways in theto deal with problems in the
environment. The concern about the air pollution is not as much
as other kinds of pollution because of the people’s attention on
technological advancement. However, due to the realities that
are happening in the planet, many countries or areas are
suffering from air pollution. Nowadays, more and more people
are concern about the air environment, man is urged to invent
technologies that can preserve and provide clean air to keep the
developing of life on Earth. Comment by 作者: I’m not quite sure
what you are saying here. Are you saying people aren’t as
concerned about air pollution as other kinds of pollution?
The concern for air pollution started during the industrialization
period. The Clean Air Act that is first issued in the year 1970

17. aimed for the regulation of the pollutants that are released into
the air. Due to the industrial revolution period, there are large
amounts of criteria pollutants that are released into the air.
Criteria pollutants are those that belong to the following:
nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, sulfur
dioxides, and other particulate matters. These pollutants are
known to threaten the health of man and leave the risks into the
general welfare of the environment. It causes the disease and
made negative influences in human’s life. The increase in their
emissions into the air from many sources has urged the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish standards
to the company or the organizations for reduce the release of
these types of air pollutants. The policies enforced and came out
methods that forced various industries and to let them obey the
laws (Teach Engineering, 2016).
The Clean Air Act has made various industries to recognize that
their behavior of destroying the air of the planet. According to
this act, industries came up with different methods to match the
request of the standards set by the government. The various
methods of air refreshing are then be invented and created to
help abate the problem of air pollution. Air purifiers are devices
that are designed to remove the harmful and irritating
contaminants found in the air to return clean air back to the
planet. Most of the common contaminants can be in the form of
dust, smoke, mold spores, and dust mites. The concept of air

18. purifiers started even in the early 16th century. In that period of
time, they are just made as simple protective air respirators that
can protect users from inhaling the negative elements in the air.
As time passed, this concept is developed into air filtering
devices in the big equipment for remove the irritating
contaminants found in the air (APG, 2010).
The first actual air purifier called the “simple filter system” was
created in the year 1963 by the German mechanical engineer,
Klaus and Manfred Hammes. It was made to absorb the dusts
that bring from the cold air in ovens. Consumers took in this
technology because it helped it helps to reduce the tendencies of
asthma in the households. Over time, the filter system was
developed to fit in a wide variety of fields. Through the time,
modern day air purifiers become various types such as the
HEPA filter, Ionizer purifiers, and Ultraviolet germicidal
irradiation (APG, 2010). There are many companies that invest
those productions in the commercialization of these air cleaning
products. They put those cleaning product into the market and
put them in to large-scale production. Companies such as the
Austin Air Systems, IQAir North America, Blueair, and others
are investing their capitals to the further development of the air
purifier technology. For instance, the Austin Air Systems
devote themselves to solve various issues in the environment
that includes odors, contamination of particulates, and toxicity
of chemicals in the air. They are the first among the world to

19. produce pre-filter in the year 1991 which can extended the
influences and life of HEPA filters. They are also the first of
develop an air intake system which can covers 360 degree that
highly improved the cleaning efficiency of the devices (APEC,
nd). The Austin Air Systems is a real epoch-making system.
Project Significance:
Air purifiers have been used in the past to filter the unwanted
particulates in the air. With the technological improvement and
included various studies and technologies, air purifiers are
significant devices and machines that can help protect and save
lives of our planet. The technology for air purifiers have gone
through several development periods over the years. It started
as basic air respirators that used to cover the nose and the
mouth. Today, they are used and applied in homes and
industries. It is a wide spreading method to control the quality
nowadays. In this case, it is a significant field to do research
about. Due to the high rate of PM2.5 or other unwanted
particulates in some of the developing countries which are the
huge number of countries among world’s nations, air pollution
become a serious problem the government are facing to and also
the issue that common people should concern about. The
increasing environmental concern and the attention of
government over the air pollution will on the other hand require
the development of air purifiers which the environmental
engineering usually study.

20. Research Question:
What are the specific technology use in air purifiers that can
reduce the air pollutants which is coming from the air and what
are their significance in the abatement of air pollution?
Objectives:
· To identify the specific technology of air purifiers using the
the process of cleaning the air.
· To identify the various types of air purifiers that has been
created, and also the new technology which is willing to be use
in the treatment of air pollution.
· To describe the benefits and advantages of air purifiers in the
households.
· To establish the difference of the air in the indoors and
outdoors before and after the process of air purification
Methodology:
The air purifiers are designed with specific capacities and
capabilities. Data for the capacities of these air purifiers can be
taken from research. The specific type of air purifier must be
selected and identified in the research. The details and
technology of the device will be studied. The various parts of
the machine will be divided into pieces to described and
identified by their specific functions. After that, all of the
technology be used in the process will be evaluated through the
data collected from research. Also, the explore of practicability
of these machines in different environmental conditions will be

21. taken. The brands or companies of the different purifiers which
have high efficiency will be discussed.
References:
APEC. (nd). “The History of Air Purifiers”.
FreeDrinkingWater.com.Comment by 作者: These are not
complete citations.
APG. (2010). “The History of Air Purifiers”. Air Purifier Guide.
Teach Engineering. (2016). “Lesson: Pollution