Digital Repositories are continuously evolving into platforms aimed at managing, visualizing, curating and preserving a variety of different cultural digital objects together with their relationships To support interoperability and to allow a broad dissemination and re-use of cultural heritage and research results, we have built two DSpace add-ons to be released as open source, the IIIF (International Image Interoperability Framework) Image Viewer and the audio/video streaming module. The first one manages the complexity of digital objects such as page sequences, chapters and sections, exposing the metadata and the structure with the IIIF presentation API and use the IIIF API to provide fast visualization and low bandwidth use. The streaming module allows to stream audio / video content loaded in the repository using adaptive streaming and the DASH industry standard. Both modules provide a full open source stack or enable the integration with external Images and Media Server. Managing the relations between digital objects both in a hierarchical or relational way is a key feature, in order to manage every kind of cultural heritage material. Thus we are enhancing the DSpace Data Model in order to provide not only structural metadata management but also the description of relationships within cultural contexts. Slides presented at OR2017 - Brisbane, Australia

1. DSPACE FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE:
ADDING SUPPORT FOR IMAGE VISUALIZATION, AUDIO/VIDEO STREAMING
AND ENHANCING THE DATA MODEL
GLAM

2. A variety of multidisciplinary
data are related to Cultural Heritage
Different in:
Typology
Format
Structure
Scale

3. More and more complexity…
In the humanities most of the data
are created or collected by people
(not measured by instruments)
They are affected by individuals, place, time
The are fragmentary, partial, biased
Source: http://www.asianscientist.com/2016/07/print/body-as-a-source-of-big-data/

4. Putting data in context…
Digital Cultural Data have to be analyzed together
with all contextual information, digital and not
digital, needed to answer research questions, such
as:
• (cultural, social, economic, technological…)
production context of a document/monument
• formation processes of the archaeological
record
• contextual associations at different levels and
scales (according to the different dimensions of
variations)
Source: https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/expbib/2006/terradefoc/10.pdf

5. …within a Digital Library Management System
Today most of the cultural digital resources are in the Digital Libraries or Repositories
Digital Libraries and Repositories must provide tools for:
• modeling, visualising and analysing information, both in a qualitative and quantitative way, as
well as collaboratively working on it
• highlighting the relationships between data at different scales
• explaining interpretations about the important dimensions of variation and about the network
of contextual relations in which historical and archaeological sources are involved
entering the daily workflow of historians, archaeologists and humanities scholars.
,

6. DSpace-GLAM
(Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums)
Built by 4Science on top of DSpace and
DSpace-CRIS to meet the needs of Cultural
Heritage institutions
Flexible and extensible data model
to manage relevant metadata standards
and specific conceptual models
Dedicated add-ons for digital objects
curation, fruition and sharing
Add-on for datasets visualization and
analysis

7. Extending the Data Model
DSpace-GLAM can manage all the entities important to
contextualize the digital cultural heritage:
• Persons
• Families
• Fonds
• Events
• Places
• Concepts
• …………..
Entities can be created to integrate different metadata
standards and conceptual models

11. Managing archival objects
The data model can be extended in order to manage the
hierarchical metadata structure required by archival
standards such as ISAD (G) and EAD
DSpace-GLAM can also manage the production and
preservation context of the archive required by ISAAR-
CPF, EAC-CPF and ISDIAH
https://dspace-
glam.4science.it/cris/fonds/fonds00036/fondscontext.html

12. Overview of the DSpace-GLAM data model

13. Overview of the DSpace-GLAM data model

14. Overview of the DSpace-GLAM data model

15. Extending the Data Model
Painting: The flagellation Painter: Piero della Francesca
Event: Council of Ferrara (AD 1438)
Event: Council of Mantua (AD 1459)
Place: FerraraConcept: Renaissance
Concept: Humanism
Person: Emperor John VIII Palaiologos
Place: Mantua
https://dspace-glam.4science.it/cris/rp/rp00001
Interpretation: Ronchey

16. Visualizing relationships between historical figures

17. 4Science IIIF Image Viewer Addon
IIIF Compliant
1. Presentation API
2. Image API
3. Search API
4. Authentication API
(soon)

18. DSpace item with “see online option”

19. Offering an integrated
Universal Viewer
player

20. IIIF Image API
allows a smooth
interaction with the
image files

21. IIIF Presentation API
generated on the fly using
the metadata of the item
and the bitstreams

22. Bitstreams
metadata
Hierarchical ToC
An example from a PDF
document offered as a
complex package of page-
image

23. Link images with their textual
transcription / OCR
Indexing standard format (hOCR) in a webannotation
server to supply IIIF Search API

24. Side by side – image vs text using an additional OCR
panel

25. An example in Arabic characters
https://dspace-glam.4science.it/handle/1234/24

26. IIIF Image Viewer: share and reuse
Share images with other scholars/users
without waiving proper attribution, e.g.
using the «manifest» JSON file:
https://dspace-
glam.4science.it/json/iiif/1234/11/30/
manifest
in another IIIF Image Viewer:
http://projectmirador.org/demo/

27. Audio/Video streaming
Full open source stack:
1. Transcoding
2. Adaptive streaming
3. MPEG-DASH standard

28. Audio/Video streaming
https://dspace-
glam.4science.it/explore?bitstream_id=1841&handle=1234
/7&provider=video-streaming
Allows the transcode of the audio/video formats in a
format and encoding appropriate to the adopted media
server (adaptive video streaming)
Using the DASH standard protocol allows sharing video with
other scholars/users without waiving proper attribution,
e.g. using the «manifest» XML file:
https://dspace-glam.4science.it/av-
stream/1841/ch/0/29/94/83/manifest.mpd
in another DASH client
http://dashif.org/reference/players/javascript/v2.4.1/sampl
es/dash-if-reference-player/index.html

29. Visualizing and analysing datasets
We look at Dspace-GLAM not only as a tool for
management and preservation, but also for
analysis
Our integration with CKAN allows the
visualization and analysis of repertoires and
inventories by means of grids, graphs or maps
Datasets can also be related to items and other
entities
https://dspace-
glam.4science.it/handle/1234/15
Archaeological finds geolocalization
https://dspace-cris.4science.it/ch/explore?bitstream_id=1927&handle=1234/15&provider=ckan-recline

30. Visualizing and analysing datasets
https://dspace-glam.4science.it/explore?bitstream_id=1971&handle=1234/22&provider=ckan-recline
Pottery distribution

31. Why do I need DSpace-GLAM?
• DSpace-GLAM is a powerful extension of DSpace created by 4Science
to meet the needs of Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums
• to be able to manage, analyze and preserve digital objects
• together with historical, archaeological or other cultural datasets,
• relating them with other entities such as persons, events, places,
concepts, etc.
• to describe the context of cultural objects and data, according to
different granularity levels, and to different interpretations
• using worldwide adopted, cutting-edge, open-source software and
open standards

32. • The goal is to provide an environment for integrating the traditional
hermeneutic and interpretative work of historical sciences with data
analysis
• In this way, we hope, there may be a fundamental change in the way
digital cultural heritage is experienced, analyzed and contributed to
by the whole scientific community
Data Science in a Digital Humanities Framework

33. Thanks for your attention
Andrea Bollini
<andrea.bollini@4science.it>
mobile: +39 333 934 1808
skype: a.bollini
orcid: 0000-0002-9029-1854
Claudio Cortese
<claudio.cortese@4science.it>
mobile: 333 9340846
skype: claudio.cortese74
orcid: 0000-0003-4572-9711