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Presented by Philip Gamble
Internationalising your Wealth,
Residency and Nationality
2015
Format of Presentation
• UK Visas
• British Nationality
• Introduction
Internationalising your Wealth,
Residency and Nationality
In partnership with Philip Gamble
Introducing Philip Gamble
 Former Home Office Executive
 Founder and Managing Partner of Philip Gamble & Partners
since 1992
 25 years of British Nationality law experience
 Widely regarded as world-leading authority on British Nationality
Can I claim British Nationality?
We’ll use three classifications:
No
Not sure
Yes
Alert!
 Time to concentrate
 This might be you!
Take
note!
 Here is an interesting consequence
in British Nationality Law!
What you will find out:
 Whether you are British
OR
 How to get the answer
Relevant Territories
 Crown Dominions
 Colonies
 Protectorates
 Protected States
 Mandated States
 Trust Territories
 Overseas Territories
 Foreign countries with ETJ
127 territories where birth
can lead to British Nationality
Including …
 Transvaal
 Nyasaland
 Northern Rhodesia
 (Southern) Rhodesia
 Bechuanaland
 South West Africa
 Tanganyika
 Kenya
 South Africa
Can I claim British Nationality?
Circumstances where you have CERTAIN claim
to British Nationality:
 Born in UK before 1 Jan 1983
British
Nationality
Yes
 Parent* (mother or father) born in UK
before 1 Jan 1983
 Parent naturalised in UK before your birth
Standard
* Married at the time of your birth
 Residency and naturalisation in UK
No
Circumstances where you have NO CLAIM to
British Nationality:
× 3rd generation country of birth and
nationality (you, parents & grandparents)
UK Visa?
Other Passport?
Except if:
 You or parent were adopted
 You or parent worked in Federal Rhodesia
 You or your mother were previously married
Can I claim British Nationality?
Not
Sure
?
Circumstances where you MIGHT have a claim to
British Nationality:
 Your country of birth is different to that
of either parent or any grandparent
Complexity &
Research
 UK-born Grandparent
 Marriage to British National
 Previous residence in UK
Non Standard  British parent or grandparent
Can I claim British Nationality?
Birth in UK
Before 1 Jan 1983
 British Nationality
 In all cases, British Nationality after UK birth
 Can pass British Nationality to children
After 1 Jan 1983
 British Nationality only if:
• parent held British Nationality
• parent was “Settled” in UK
• under 18 and parent later became “Settled” in UK
• born “Stateless”; OR
• resident in UK for 10 years
Citizenship through UK Residence
• Naturalisation after holding Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)
 5 years Residence
 3 years Residence if married to British Citizen
 British Nationality after Naturalisation in UK
 Can pass British Nationality to children
• UK English & Culture Test required
• Absences from UK limited to 90 days per annum
Grandparent is British BY BIRTH
Passing British Nationality
to children and grandchildren
Grandparent
Born in UK
Parent
Born outside UK
Parent is British BY DESCENT
Grandchild
Born outside UK
Grandchild is not normally British
Grandchild could be British by
DOUBLE DESCENT
British by Descent
British otherwise than by Descent
× Does NOT pass Nationality from parent
 Passes Nationality from parent
But lots of
exceptions!
Born outside of UK
to British Parent
Not enough to know that parent was “British”
Must determine HOW they acquired that status
and WHETHER they can pass it on
Alert!
 Mother born in UK; or
 Grandmother born in UK, and
parent born before 1 Jan 1983
Parent born in UK
British by Descent
Birth after 1 Jan 1983
Birth before 1 Jan 1983
Automatic Nationality from either parent
(mother or father)
Automatic Nationality from father
Applications for Nationality from mother:
 For children under 18 from 7 Feb 1979
 For adults from Jun 2003
Alert!
 Those registered between 7 Feb 1979 and 1 Jan 1983
can pass British Nationality to children
Parent
Registered at British Consulate
between 7 Feb 1979 and 1 Jan 1983
 Parent will be British otherwise than by Descent
 Parent can pass British Nationality to children
Grandmother
Born in UK or
British other than by Descent
Alert!
Passing British Nationality
to children
 Not yet born
 Under 18
 Over 18
Children not yet born
 Child born in UK
 Already spent 3 years in UK
 Child born in country that does not grant nationality
at birth AND no citizenship by descent
Potential application if one parent is
British by Descent and:
Where can you give birth for your
child to become British?
Husband Wife
 Living outside of UK
Married
 Mother travels to country that does not confer
nationality at birth
Alert!
 Baby is born “without Nationality” (i.e. Stateless)
 British Nationality on application
 Mother returns home and registers baby for local
Citizenship (and possible Dual Nationality)
 One parent is British by Descent
Children under 18
 Already spent 3 years in UK
 Spend 3 years in UK before they turn 18
 Application for British Nationality
BEFORE the child turns 18
 Works for UK-domiciled company
Application if one parent is British
by Descent and:
Alert!
 Grandparent born in UK
 British parent works for UK-
domiciled company
 Child under 18
 Parent is British by Descent and in long-term
service at time of child’s birth
 Application before child turns 18
 At the discretion of Secretary of State
 Family has close connection to the UK
UK-domiciled Employer
 Examples include:
• Anglo American
• SAB Miller
• Old Mutual
• Investec
Children over 18
 Treated as adults for Nationality purposes
 These rights depend on:
• Status of parents on their date of birth
• Birth date before or after 1 Jan 1983
• Place of birth
Marriage to British Citizen
• Women married before 1949
 British Nationality
• Women married between 1949 and 1983
 Right of Abode
• Currently married
 Spousal Visa
Alert!
 UK-born Paternal Grandfather
(i.e. father’s father)
 You born after 1948
 Parents married before 1949
Applicant
Born after 1948
MotherMarried
Before 1949Father
 Your mother acquired British Nationality
 British Nationality could be passed down to children
Grandfather
Born in UK
Alert!
Alert!
 Your mother was previously married
Applicant
Born after 1948
Mother
Father
Marriage before 1949
Previous
Husband
Second Marriage
Alert!
 British Nationality passes to children of second marriage!
Father
Born in UK
Alert!
 Woman married before 1983
WifeMarried
Before 1983Husband
Father
Born in UK
 Woman must be Commonwealth
citizen on 1 Jan 1983
 Woman acquires Right of Abode
 Next best thing to a British Passport
Alert!
Wife
Born in South Africa
Married
Before 1983Husband
Father
Born in UK
Woman must be Commonwealth citizen
as at 1 Jan 1983. Excludes woman born
in South African.
Father
Born in Commonwealth
 Escapes restriction through father’s
birth in a Commonwealth country
Alert!
Current marriage to
British Citizen
• There is financial “Maintenance Requirement”
• Spousal Visa available to partner
• This visa only available while British Spouse still alive
If British partner is old, unwell or terminally ill, then
apply for Spousal Visa sooner rather than later!
Alert!
 Annual Income of £18,600 or
 Cash of £64,000
• Living together outside UK
How to avoid the
“Maintenance Requirement”
1. Partner can claim British Nationality AND Ancestry
 Don’t claim nationality now, move to UK on Ancestry Visa
2. Partner has renounced British Nationality
 Move to UK first, then reclaim British Nationality in UK
3. Partner has British Nationality
 Renounce nationality, move to UK, then reclaim in UK
4. Partner has British Nationality
 Move to another EU country, then move to UK
British Nationality from
UK-born Grandfather*
 Crown Service
 Former British Territories
 Exceptions
* UK-born Grandmother
under review
Alert!
 Grandfather* born in UK
 Grandfather* or parent worked for
UK Government
* Under review (could be Grandmother)
Crown Service
Crown Service is meant as working for
British Government:
 British Military
 Overseas Civil Service
 Colonial Service
 Diplomatic Corp
Born after 1 Jan 1983
 UK-born Grandfather with parent in Crown Service
at time of your birth
 UK-born Grandfather was in Crown Service at time
of your parent’s birth
Born before 1 Jan 1983
Alert!
 Grandfather* born in UK
 You or parent born in former
British Territory
* Under review (could be Grandmother)
You or Parent born in
former British Territory
 British Protectorate
 British Protected State
 UK Trust Territory
 UK Mandated Territory
 Post 1949 British Colony (*)
 Foreign country where British exercised Extra-
Territorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) over British Subjects
 UK-born Grandfather gives British Nationality
* Excludes (Southern) Rhodesia after 1923
You born BEFORE 1 Jan 1983
 Grandparent born in UK
 Parent born in British Territory
 UK-born Grandparent gives British Nationality
Solution 1
Solution 2
 Grandparent born in UK
 Parent born in Post 1949 British Colony
Solution 3
 Grandparent born in UK
 Child born in British Territory
Applicant
Born between
1 Jan 1949 and 1 Jan 1983
Parent
Born in British Territory*
Grandparent
Born in UK
 British Nationality from birth or descent in former
British Territory
* These include
• British Protectorate
• British Protected State
• UK Mandated Territory
• Foreign Country with ETJ
 Grandparent born in UK
 Parent born in British Territory
Solution 1
 British Nationality from birth or descent in former
British Territory
Applicant
Born in British Territory*
between 1 Jan 1949 and
1 Jan 1983
Parent
Grandparent
Born in UK
* These include
• British Protectorate
• British Protected State
• UK Mandated Territory
• Foreign Country with ETJ
Solution 2
 Grandparent born in UK
 Child born in British Territory
Applicant
Born before 1 Jan 1983
Any Parent
Born in Post 1949
British Colony *
Any Grandparent
Born in UK
 British Nationality from birth or descent in former
British Territory
* These include:
• Kenya Colony
• Cyprus
• Mauritius
• Seychelles
• St Helena, Gough and
Tristan de Cunha
 Grandparent born in UK
 Parent born in Post 1949 British Colony
Solution 3
You born AFTER 1 Jan 1983
 Grandparent born in UK
 Parent born in Post 1949 British Colony
 UK-born Grandparent gives British Nationality
 Grandparent born in UK
 Parent born before 1 Jan 1949 in Protectorate,
Protected State or UK Mandated Territory
Solution 1
Solution 2
Applicant
Born after 1 Jan 1983
Parent
Born in Post 1949
British Colony *
Grandparent
Born in UK
 British Nationality from descent from parent’s
birth in former British Colony
* These include:
• Kenya Colony
• Cyprus
• Mauritius
• Seychelles
• St Helena, Gough and Tristan
de Cunha
Solution 1
 Grandparent born in UK
 Parent born in Post 1949 British Colony
Applicant
Born after 1 Jan 1983
Parent
Born in British
Territory* before 1949
Grandparent
Born in UK
 British Nationality from descent from parent’s
birth in former Protectorate or Protected State
* These include
• British Protectorate
• British Protected State
• UK Mandated Territory
 Grandparent born in UK
 Parent born before 1 Jan 1949 in
Protectorate, Protected State or UK
Mandated Territory
Solution 2
Applicant
Parent
Born in British Territory
Grandfather*
Born in UK
Applicant
Born in British Territory
Parent
Grandfather*
Born in UK
 British Nationality depends on Dates and
Places of Birth of parent and applicant
* Under review – could be Grandmother
Applicant
Born between
1949 and 1983
Parent
Born in Protectorate*
Grandparent
Born in India before 1949
Applicant
Born in Protectorate*
between 1949 and 1983
Parent
Grandparent
Born in India before 1949
Those with PATERNAL GRANDFATHER (father’s father)
born in India before 1949
* Includes Tanganyika, Zanzibar, Kenya Protectorate, Uganda,
Northern Rhodesia and Bechuanaland
Alert!
 Grandfather* born in UK
 You are born before 1983
 Parent born after 1948
* Under review (could be Grandmother)
Applicant
Born before 1983
Parent
Born after 1948
Grandfather*
Born in UK
 British Nationality based on definition of
“By Descent only”
* Under review (could be grandmother)
UNTESTED case awaiting
Home Office approval
Alert!
Alert!
 Grandfather* born in UK
 You born in South Africa between
31 May 1962 and 1 Jan 1983
* Under review (could be grandmother)
Test Case: awaiting Home
Office decision
Applicant
Born in South Africa
Between 31 May 1962
and 1983
Parent
Grandfather*
Born in UK
 Based on “Foreign Country” status of South Africa with ETJ
* Under review (could be grandmother)
Applicant
Born before 1983
Parent
Born in South Africa
After 31 May 1962
Grandfather*
Born in UK
Test Case: awaiting Home Office decision
Alert!
 Family link to:
• (Southern) Rhodesia
• Northern Rhodesia
• Transvaal
Federation of Rhodesia &
Nyasaland (1 Mar 1958 to
31 Dec 1963)
 You (or parent) born outside Federal Rhodesia
(now Zambia, Malawi and Zimbabwe)
 To work, had to be Registered as “Federal Citizen”
if not born there.
Alert!
 You (or your parent) became British Citizen on 1 Jan 1983
provided that you did NOT get citizenship of Southern Rhodesia
 British Nationality passes to children
 Moved to Federation between 1950 and 1963
 Upon dissolution, those registered became British
if they didn’t become Rhodesian citizens
Applicant
Born in Northern
Rhodesia or Nyasaland
After 1948
Parent
Grandfather*
Born in UK
 British Nationality based on Northern Rhodesia
and Nyasaland being a British Protectorate
* Under review (could be Grandmother)
Applicant
Between 1948 and 1983
Parent
Born in Northern
Rhodesia or Nyasaland
Grandfather*
Born in UK
Applicant
Born between 1948 and 1983
Grandfather*
Born in UK
 British Nationality based on Transvaal
being a British Protectorate
* Under review (could be Grandmother)
Alert!
Father
Born in Transvaal
Before 1900
Applicant
Born between 1948 and 1983
Grandfather*
Born in UK
 British Nationality based on ETJ with
Southern Rhodesia
* Under review (could be grandmother)
Alert!
Parent
Born in Rhodesia
Before 23 Sep 1923
Applicant
Born in Rhodesia
Between 2 Mar 1970 and
18 Apr 1980
Parent
Grandfather*
Born in UK
 British Nationality based on definition of
“Rhodesia” and “Southern Rhodesia”
* Under review (could be grandmother)
Alert!
Test Case: awaiting
Home Office decision
Applicant
Born before 1 Jan 1964
outside Rhodesia
 BOC status
 Upgrade to British Nationality if strong
links to UK
Father
Born in Rhodesia
Alert!
 Grandparent born in Ireland
or Northern Ireland
Irish Nationality
• Parent or grandparent born in:
 Republic of Ireland, or
 Northern Ireland
 Application for Irish Nationality
Alert!
 Registration of your foreign birth BEFORE birth of
children conveys Irish Nationality to children
Adoption
Adoption In UK
 Nationality follows adopted parents
Adoption Outside UK
 Nationality follows natural (biological) parents
 Exceptions can apply
UK Immigration
 Visa rights as a minor flow from adopted parents
Exceptions and Anomalies
 Included in parent’s British Passport
 You (or parent) was Previously British
 Your (or parent’s) birth was Registered
 Abandoned or Refused nationality claims
 Adoption
 Illegitimacy (laws changed in 2014)
6 Forms of British Nationality
• British Citizen
• British National Overseas (BNO) – Hong Kong
• British Overseas Territories Citizen (BOTC) – Island Territories
• British Subject – India & Ireland
• British Protected Person (BPP) – Protectorates & Protected States
• British Overseas Citizen (BOC) – Former Colonies
 These can be upgraded to full British Citizenship
in some circumstances
Alert!
British National Overseas (BNO)
• By Birth in (or Descent from) Hong Kong
• Application made before Independence (1997)
• Possible to upgrade to full British Nationality
British Overseas Territories
Citizen (BOTC)
• Birth in (or “Connected” to) existing British Territories
• Most upgraded to full British Nationality
• Territories include:
 St Helena, Tristan du Cunha, Ascension & Gough Islands
 British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos)
 Falklands
 Gibraltar
British Subject
• Status of all British people before 1 Jan 1949
• Birth in British India before 1 Jan 1947
• Birth in Republic of Ireland before 1 Jan 1949
• Birth in Pre-1949 Self-Governing Colonies (Australia,
Canada, New Zealand, Rhodesia and South Africa)
where nationality was NOT gained
• British Subject status extinguished on gaining another
Nationality
British Protected Person (BPP)
• Birth in British Protectorate, British Protected State or
UK Mandated Territory
• Descent from male BPP
• BPP status usually extinguished on gaining another
Nationality
• Possible to upgrade to full British Nationality
British Overseas Citizen (BOC)
• Birth in place that remained British Colony after 1 Jan 1949
• Descent from male BOC
• BOC status never extinguished on gaining another Nationality
• Possible to upgrade to full British Nationality
UK Immigration
Several visas have been scrapped:
× 2 Year Working Holiday Visa for South Africans
& Zimbabweans
× HSMP (Highly skilled)
× Post Study Work Permit
× Sponsorship of elderly parents
Remaining Visa options include:
 UK Ancestry
 Business and Investor
 Marriage
 Work Permit
UK Ancestry Visa
 Any grandparent born in UK
Alert!
 No upper limit to Ancestry Visa
 Oldest client was 83
 Hold Commonwealth nationality
 Over 17 years old
 Intention to work
 Can lead to Naturalisation and British Nationality
after 6 years residence in UK
UK Ancestry Visa Scrapped?
Alert!
 Apply for Ancestry Visa now
 Renew visa every 5 years
 Cannot be taken away once granted to you
 Extensions possible under previous regulations
 Can apply for it multiple times
Nationality by Investment
Business Visa
• Investment of £200k
• Creation of 2 new UK jobs
• 6 months residence per year
• ILR granted after 5 years
Investor Visa
• Minimum investment of £2m (up from £1m in Dec 2014)
• Share Investment of active UK companies (not property)
• 6 months residence per year
• ILR granted after 5 yrs (3 yrs if £5m, 2 yrs if £10m)
Proving your Claim
Lost Documents
“Balance of Probabilities”, not “Beyond Reasonable Doubt”
 Circumstantial evidence is accepted
Old Photographs and Letters, last Will & Testament, Baptism
Documents, old Passports, signed Affidavits, etc.
 Home Office approval required first
 Philip Gamble & Partners can assist with
locating documents in:
• UK
• Ireland
• South Africa
• Zimbabwe
Submitting your Application
Four key requirements
• Addressed to correct authority
• Signed by applicant as being correct
• Application fee
• Evidence to prove claim
Nationality Application form
• One form covers all Nationality applications
• All complex claims will require explanations, including:
 Copies of relevant Nationality Law
 Detailed reasoning as to how nationality is gained
Summary
If your FAMILY TREE has ANY differences in
places of birth…
… it MIGHT BE POSSIBLE to claim British Nationality!
Can I claim British Nationality?
Yes No
British
Nationality
Application
UK Visa, or
Other Nationalities
• Do your own research …
?!
I’m still not sure!
• Call the British Embassy …
• Ask an expert …
4 Step Process
 Designed to avoid fees for rejected applications
 Steps 1 - 3 are FREE
 Step 4 involves time, research and fees
 Born in UK before 1 Jan 1983
 Parent (mother or father) born in UK
before 1 Jan 1983
 Naturalisation through UK residency
 Born in UK before 1 Jan 1983
 Married Parent (mother or father) born in
UK before 1 Jan 1983
 Resident in the UK for qualifying period
 Child under 18 of a parent who is
• British Citizen, and
• Spent 3 years in the UK
× 3rd generation country of birth and
nationality (you, parents and
grandparents)
Except if:
 You (or a parent) were adopted
 Your mother was previously married
 You or parent worked in Rhodesia
 Born in UK before 1 Jan 1983
 Married Parent (mother or father) born in
UK before 1 Jan 1983
 Resident in the UK for qualifying period
 Child under 18 of a parent who is
• British Citizen, and
• Spent 3 years in the UK
Non
Standard
Step 2
No
Claim
UK Visa
Other Nationality
British
Nationality
Application
Standard
Determine the type of claim you have
STEP 1
1 or more
Non-Standard
Solutions
Step 3
No Solutions
UK Visa
Other Nationality
Complete our online Assessment
STEP 2
STEP 3
Philip Gamble reviews your Family
Tree
Possible
(10% - 75%)
BRITISH PASSPORT
REVIEW
Unlikely
(5% - 10%)
Likely
(75% – 95%
Definite
> 95%
Remote
< 5%
Research your claim
STATUS TRACE
No
Claim
British
Nationality
No Claim
UK Visa
STEP 4
Philip Gamble gives Yes/No
answer
Status Trace – what & why?
 ONLY way to accurately answer the question
“Am I British?” if claim is Non-Standard
 Positive Status Trace is necessary step before
non-standard application for British Nationality
 Status Trace used to justify and explain to Home
Office how you qualify
 Research and Report by Nationality Specialist
3 months to Aug 2015*:
 243 Status Traces written
 53% Success Rate
* Accurate as of September 2015
Standard Route to British Nationality
 Born in UK before 1983
 Married Parent born in UK pre 1983
 Naturalisation through UK residency
Direct Application for Nationality
Philip Gamble & Partners acts on your behalf
Fees apply
Non-Standard Route to British Nationality
All other situations have complexity,
and classified as
 Likely
 Possible
 Unlikely
Status Trace = £350
Fast Track (48 hours) = £650
What are your next steps?
 FREE British Passport Review
 Email or call our team of specialists to
start the Status Trace process
 FREE online Nationality Assessment
Philip Gamble & Partners
info@philipgamble.co.uk
Cape Town: 27 (0)21 657 2180
London: 44 (0) 20 7759 7581
facebook.com/philipgamblepartners
www.whatpassport.com
 Slide Show on our website and can be emailed
to you (FREE)
Key Nationality Facts
Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia,
India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka became Independent Commonwealth
countries on 1 Jan 1949 for British Nationality purposes.
British Colonies
Major Commonwealth countries on 1 Jan 1949
Colonies (in context of this presentation) refers to territories that
remain under full control of the UK after 1 Jan 1949 (this excludes
Southern Rhodesia)
Main forms of Nationality
• Before 1 Jan 1949: British Subject
• Between 1 Jan 1949 and 31 Dec 1982: Citizen of UK & Colonies (CUKC)
• After 1 Jan 1983: British Citizen, British Overseas Citizen
British Protectorates, Protected States
& UK Mandated Territories
Aden Protectorates (now part of Yemen)
Ashanti (now part of Ghana)
Bahrain
Bechuanaland (now Botswana)
Brunei
Cyprus
Egypt
Gambia Protectorate (now part of Gambia)
Gilbert Islands (now part of Kiribati)
India
Ionian Islands (now part of Greece)
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kamaran (now part of Yemen)
Kenya Protectorate
Kiribati
Kuwait
Malay States (now part of Malaysia)
Maldives
Nigeria Protectorates (now part of Nigeria)
North Borneo and Labuan (now part of Malaysia)
Northern Cameroon (now part of Nigeria)
Northern Rhodesia (now part of Zambia)
Northern Somaliland (now part of Somalia)
Northern Territories Protectorate (now part of
Ghana)
Nyasaland (now Malawi)
Palestine
Qatar
Sarawak (now part of Malaysia)
Sierra Leone Protectorate
Solomon Islands
Southern Cameroon (now Cameroon)
Swaziland
Tanganyika (now Tanzania)
Togoland (now part of Ghana)
Tonga
Transvaal (now part of South Africa)
Tuvalu
Uganda
United Arab Emirates
Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania)
Foreign Countries with Extra-Territorial
Jurisdiction (ETJ)
Aegean Islands (now part of Greece)
Albania
Algeria
Bougainville (part of Papua New Guinea)
Buka (part of Papua New Guinea)
Bulgaria
China
Crete (now part of Greece)
Dodecanese Islands (now part of Greece)
Egypt
Epirus (now part of Greece)
Ethiopia
Iran
Iraq
Japan
Kamaran (now part of Yemen)
Lebanon
Libya
Macedonia (now part of Greece)
Morocco
Muscat and Oman (now Oman)
Namibia
Nauru
New Guinea (now part of Papua New Guinea)
North Korea
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)
Romania
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
South Korea
Syria
Thailand
Thessaly (now part of Greece)
Tonga
Tunisia
Turkey
Vanuatu
WeiHaiWei (now part of China)
Western Thrace (now part of Greece)
UK & Colonies (from 1 Jan 1949)
Aden Colony
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Ashanti (now part of Ghana)
Bahamas
Barbados
Basutoland (now Lesotho)
Bermuda
British Antarctic Territory
British Guiana (now Guyana)
British Honduras (now Belize)
British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos)
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Christmas Island (now part of Australia)
Cocos and Keeling Islands (now part of Australia)
Cyprus
Dominica
Falkland Islands
Fiji
Gambia Colony (Banjul and Kombo St Mary)
Gibraltar
Gilbert Islands (now part of Kiribati)
Gold Coast Colony (now part of Ghana)
Grenada
Hong Kong
Jamaica
Kenya Colony (now part of Kenya)
Kuria Muria Islands (now part of Yemen)
Line Islands (now part of Kiribati)
Malta
Mauritius
Montserrat
Nigerian Colony (now part of Nigeria)
North Borneo and Labuan (now part of Malaysia)
Penang and Malacca (now part of Malaysia)
Perim Islands (now part of Yemen)
Phoenix Islands (now part of Kiribati)
Pitcairn Islands
Rotuma (now part of Fiji)
Sarawak (now part of Malaysia)
Seychelles
Sierra Leone Colony
Singapore
South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
St Christopher St Kitts and Nevis
St Helena Ascension Gough and Tristan da Cunha
St Lucia
St Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos
Tuvalu
British Dependencies (from 1 Jan 1983)
Akrotiri and Dhekelia UK Cyprus Military Bases
Anguilla
Bermuda
British Antarctic Territory
British Indian Ocean Territory-Chagos
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Falkland Islands
Gibraltar
Hong Kong (up to 30 Jun 1997)
Montserrat
Pitcairn Islands
South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
St Christopher St Kitts and Nevis
St Helena Ascension Gough and Tristan da Cunha
Turks and Caicos
We hope you enjoyed this presentation 

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British Nationality 2015 by Philip Gamble

  • 1. Presented by Philip Gamble Internationalising your Wealth, Residency and Nationality 2015
  • 2. Format of Presentation • UK Visas • British Nationality • Introduction Internationalising your Wealth, Residency and Nationality In partnership with Philip Gamble
  • 3. Introducing Philip Gamble  Former Home Office Executive  Founder and Managing Partner of Philip Gamble & Partners since 1992  25 years of British Nationality law experience  Widely regarded as world-leading authority on British Nationality
  • 4. Can I claim British Nationality? We’ll use three classifications: No Not sure Yes
  • 5. Alert!  Time to concentrate  This might be you!
  • 6. Take note!  Here is an interesting consequence in British Nationality Law!
  • 7. What you will find out:  Whether you are British OR  How to get the answer
  • 8. Relevant Territories  Crown Dominions  Colonies  Protectorates  Protected States  Mandated States  Trust Territories  Overseas Territories  Foreign countries with ETJ 127 territories where birth can lead to British Nationality Including …  Transvaal  Nyasaland  Northern Rhodesia  (Southern) Rhodesia  Bechuanaland  South West Africa  Tanganyika  Kenya  South Africa
  • 9. Can I claim British Nationality? Circumstances where you have CERTAIN claim to British Nationality:  Born in UK before 1 Jan 1983 British Nationality Yes  Parent* (mother or father) born in UK before 1 Jan 1983  Parent naturalised in UK before your birth Standard * Married at the time of your birth  Residency and naturalisation in UK
  • 10. No Circumstances where you have NO CLAIM to British Nationality: × 3rd generation country of birth and nationality (you, parents & grandparents) UK Visa? Other Passport? Except if:  You or parent were adopted  You or parent worked in Federal Rhodesia  You or your mother were previously married Can I claim British Nationality?
  • 11. Not Sure ? Circumstances where you MIGHT have a claim to British Nationality:  Your country of birth is different to that of either parent or any grandparent Complexity & Research  UK-born Grandparent  Marriage to British National  Previous residence in UK Non Standard  British parent or grandparent Can I claim British Nationality?
  • 12. Birth in UK Before 1 Jan 1983  British Nationality  In all cases, British Nationality after UK birth  Can pass British Nationality to children After 1 Jan 1983  British Nationality only if: • parent held British Nationality • parent was “Settled” in UK • under 18 and parent later became “Settled” in UK • born “Stateless”; OR • resident in UK for 10 years
  • 13. Citizenship through UK Residence • Naturalisation after holding Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)  5 years Residence  3 years Residence if married to British Citizen  British Nationality after Naturalisation in UK  Can pass British Nationality to children • UK English & Culture Test required • Absences from UK limited to 90 days per annum
  • 14. Grandparent is British BY BIRTH Passing British Nationality to children and grandchildren Grandparent Born in UK Parent Born outside UK Parent is British BY DESCENT Grandchild Born outside UK Grandchild is not normally British Grandchild could be British by DOUBLE DESCENT
  • 15. British by Descent British otherwise than by Descent × Does NOT pass Nationality from parent  Passes Nationality from parent But lots of exceptions! Born outside of UK to British Parent Not enough to know that parent was “British” Must determine HOW they acquired that status and WHETHER they can pass it on
  • 16. Alert!  Mother born in UK; or  Grandmother born in UK, and parent born before 1 Jan 1983
  • 17. Parent born in UK British by Descent Birth after 1 Jan 1983 Birth before 1 Jan 1983 Automatic Nationality from either parent (mother or father) Automatic Nationality from father Applications for Nationality from mother:  For children under 18 from 7 Feb 1979  For adults from Jun 2003 Alert!  Those registered between 7 Feb 1979 and 1 Jan 1983 can pass British Nationality to children
  • 18. Parent Registered at British Consulate between 7 Feb 1979 and 1 Jan 1983  Parent will be British otherwise than by Descent  Parent can pass British Nationality to children Grandmother Born in UK or British other than by Descent Alert!
  • 19. Passing British Nationality to children  Not yet born  Under 18  Over 18
  • 20. Children not yet born  Child born in UK  Already spent 3 years in UK  Child born in country that does not grant nationality at birth AND no citizenship by descent Potential application if one parent is British by Descent and:
  • 21. Where can you give birth for your child to become British? Husband Wife  Living outside of UK Married  Mother travels to country that does not confer nationality at birth Alert!  Baby is born “without Nationality” (i.e. Stateless)  British Nationality on application  Mother returns home and registers baby for local Citizenship (and possible Dual Nationality)  One parent is British by Descent
  • 22. Children under 18  Already spent 3 years in UK  Spend 3 years in UK before they turn 18  Application for British Nationality BEFORE the child turns 18  Works for UK-domiciled company Application if one parent is British by Descent and:
  • 23. Alert!  Grandparent born in UK  British parent works for UK- domiciled company  Child under 18
  • 24.  Parent is British by Descent and in long-term service at time of child’s birth  Application before child turns 18  At the discretion of Secretary of State  Family has close connection to the UK UK-domiciled Employer  Examples include: • Anglo American • SAB Miller • Old Mutual • Investec
  • 25. Children over 18  Treated as adults for Nationality purposes  These rights depend on: • Status of parents on their date of birth • Birth date before or after 1 Jan 1983 • Place of birth
  • 26. Marriage to British Citizen • Women married before 1949  British Nationality • Women married between 1949 and 1983  Right of Abode • Currently married  Spousal Visa
  • 27. Alert!  UK-born Paternal Grandfather (i.e. father’s father)  You born after 1948  Parents married before 1949
  • 28. Applicant Born after 1948 MotherMarried Before 1949Father  Your mother acquired British Nationality  British Nationality could be passed down to children Grandfather Born in UK Alert!
  • 29. Alert!  Your mother was previously married
  • 30. Applicant Born after 1948 Mother Father Marriage before 1949 Previous Husband Second Marriage Alert!  British Nationality passes to children of second marriage! Father Born in UK
  • 32. WifeMarried Before 1983Husband Father Born in UK  Woman must be Commonwealth citizen on 1 Jan 1983  Woman acquires Right of Abode  Next best thing to a British Passport Alert!
  • 33. Wife Born in South Africa Married Before 1983Husband Father Born in UK Woman must be Commonwealth citizen as at 1 Jan 1983. Excludes woman born in South African. Father Born in Commonwealth  Escapes restriction through father’s birth in a Commonwealth country Alert!
  • 34. Current marriage to British Citizen • There is financial “Maintenance Requirement” • Spousal Visa available to partner • This visa only available while British Spouse still alive If British partner is old, unwell or terminally ill, then apply for Spousal Visa sooner rather than later! Alert!  Annual Income of £18,600 or  Cash of £64,000 • Living together outside UK
  • 35. How to avoid the “Maintenance Requirement” 1. Partner can claim British Nationality AND Ancestry  Don’t claim nationality now, move to UK on Ancestry Visa 2. Partner has renounced British Nationality  Move to UK first, then reclaim British Nationality in UK 3. Partner has British Nationality  Renounce nationality, move to UK, then reclaim in UK 4. Partner has British Nationality  Move to another EU country, then move to UK
  • 36. British Nationality from UK-born Grandfather*  Crown Service  Former British Territories  Exceptions * UK-born Grandmother under review
  • 37. Alert!  Grandfather* born in UK  Grandfather* or parent worked for UK Government * Under review (could be Grandmother)
  • 38. Crown Service Crown Service is meant as working for British Government:  British Military  Overseas Civil Service  Colonial Service  Diplomatic Corp Born after 1 Jan 1983  UK-born Grandfather with parent in Crown Service at time of your birth  UK-born Grandfather was in Crown Service at time of your parent’s birth Born before 1 Jan 1983
  • 39. Alert!  Grandfather* born in UK  You or parent born in former British Territory * Under review (could be Grandmother)
  • 40. You or Parent born in former British Territory  British Protectorate  British Protected State  UK Trust Territory  UK Mandated Territory  Post 1949 British Colony (*)  Foreign country where British exercised Extra- Territorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) over British Subjects  UK-born Grandfather gives British Nationality * Excludes (Southern) Rhodesia after 1923
  • 41. You born BEFORE 1 Jan 1983  Grandparent born in UK  Parent born in British Territory  UK-born Grandparent gives British Nationality Solution 1 Solution 2  Grandparent born in UK  Parent born in Post 1949 British Colony Solution 3  Grandparent born in UK  Child born in British Territory
  • 42. Applicant Born between 1 Jan 1949 and 1 Jan 1983 Parent Born in British Territory* Grandparent Born in UK  British Nationality from birth or descent in former British Territory * These include • British Protectorate • British Protected State • UK Mandated Territory • Foreign Country with ETJ  Grandparent born in UK  Parent born in British Territory Solution 1
  • 43.  British Nationality from birth or descent in former British Territory Applicant Born in British Territory* between 1 Jan 1949 and 1 Jan 1983 Parent Grandparent Born in UK * These include • British Protectorate • British Protected State • UK Mandated Territory • Foreign Country with ETJ Solution 2  Grandparent born in UK  Child born in British Territory
  • 44. Applicant Born before 1 Jan 1983 Any Parent Born in Post 1949 British Colony * Any Grandparent Born in UK  British Nationality from birth or descent in former British Territory * These include: • Kenya Colony • Cyprus • Mauritius • Seychelles • St Helena, Gough and Tristan de Cunha  Grandparent born in UK  Parent born in Post 1949 British Colony Solution 3
  • 45. You born AFTER 1 Jan 1983  Grandparent born in UK  Parent born in Post 1949 British Colony  UK-born Grandparent gives British Nationality  Grandparent born in UK  Parent born before 1 Jan 1949 in Protectorate, Protected State or UK Mandated Territory Solution 1 Solution 2
  • 46. Applicant Born after 1 Jan 1983 Parent Born in Post 1949 British Colony * Grandparent Born in UK  British Nationality from descent from parent’s birth in former British Colony * These include: • Kenya Colony • Cyprus • Mauritius • Seychelles • St Helena, Gough and Tristan de Cunha Solution 1  Grandparent born in UK  Parent born in Post 1949 British Colony
  • 47. Applicant Born after 1 Jan 1983 Parent Born in British Territory* before 1949 Grandparent Born in UK  British Nationality from descent from parent’s birth in former Protectorate or Protected State * These include • British Protectorate • British Protected State • UK Mandated Territory  Grandparent born in UK  Parent born before 1 Jan 1949 in Protectorate, Protected State or UK Mandated Territory Solution 2
  • 48. Applicant Parent Born in British Territory Grandfather* Born in UK Applicant Born in British Territory Parent Grandfather* Born in UK  British Nationality depends on Dates and Places of Birth of parent and applicant * Under review – could be Grandmother
  • 49. Applicant Born between 1949 and 1983 Parent Born in Protectorate* Grandparent Born in India before 1949 Applicant Born in Protectorate* between 1949 and 1983 Parent Grandparent Born in India before 1949 Those with PATERNAL GRANDFATHER (father’s father) born in India before 1949 * Includes Tanganyika, Zanzibar, Kenya Protectorate, Uganda, Northern Rhodesia and Bechuanaland
  • 50. Alert!  Grandfather* born in UK  You are born before 1983  Parent born after 1948 * Under review (could be Grandmother)
  • 51. Applicant Born before 1983 Parent Born after 1948 Grandfather* Born in UK  British Nationality based on definition of “By Descent only” * Under review (could be grandmother) UNTESTED case awaiting Home Office approval Alert!
  • 52. Alert!  Grandfather* born in UK  You born in South Africa between 31 May 1962 and 1 Jan 1983 * Under review (could be grandmother) Test Case: awaiting Home Office decision
  • 53. Applicant Born in South Africa Between 31 May 1962 and 1983 Parent Grandfather* Born in UK  Based on “Foreign Country” status of South Africa with ETJ * Under review (could be grandmother) Applicant Born before 1983 Parent Born in South Africa After 31 May 1962 Grandfather* Born in UK Test Case: awaiting Home Office decision
  • 54. Alert!  Family link to: • (Southern) Rhodesia • Northern Rhodesia • Transvaal
  • 55. Federation of Rhodesia & Nyasaland (1 Mar 1958 to 31 Dec 1963)  You (or parent) born outside Federal Rhodesia (now Zambia, Malawi and Zimbabwe)  To work, had to be Registered as “Federal Citizen” if not born there. Alert!  You (or your parent) became British Citizen on 1 Jan 1983 provided that you did NOT get citizenship of Southern Rhodesia  British Nationality passes to children  Moved to Federation between 1950 and 1963  Upon dissolution, those registered became British if they didn’t become Rhodesian citizens
  • 56. Applicant Born in Northern Rhodesia or Nyasaland After 1948 Parent Grandfather* Born in UK  British Nationality based on Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland being a British Protectorate * Under review (could be Grandmother) Applicant Between 1948 and 1983 Parent Born in Northern Rhodesia or Nyasaland Grandfather* Born in UK
  • 57. Applicant Born between 1948 and 1983 Grandfather* Born in UK  British Nationality based on Transvaal being a British Protectorate * Under review (could be Grandmother) Alert! Father Born in Transvaal Before 1900
  • 58. Applicant Born between 1948 and 1983 Grandfather* Born in UK  British Nationality based on ETJ with Southern Rhodesia * Under review (could be grandmother) Alert! Parent Born in Rhodesia Before 23 Sep 1923
  • 59. Applicant Born in Rhodesia Between 2 Mar 1970 and 18 Apr 1980 Parent Grandfather* Born in UK  British Nationality based on definition of “Rhodesia” and “Southern Rhodesia” * Under review (could be grandmother) Alert! Test Case: awaiting Home Office decision
  • 60. Applicant Born before 1 Jan 1964 outside Rhodesia  BOC status  Upgrade to British Nationality if strong links to UK Father Born in Rhodesia
  • 61. Alert!  Grandparent born in Ireland or Northern Ireland
  • 62. Irish Nationality • Parent or grandparent born in:  Republic of Ireland, or  Northern Ireland  Application for Irish Nationality Alert!  Registration of your foreign birth BEFORE birth of children conveys Irish Nationality to children
  • 63. Adoption Adoption In UK  Nationality follows adopted parents Adoption Outside UK  Nationality follows natural (biological) parents  Exceptions can apply UK Immigration  Visa rights as a minor flow from adopted parents
  • 64. Exceptions and Anomalies  Included in parent’s British Passport  You (or parent) was Previously British  Your (or parent’s) birth was Registered  Abandoned or Refused nationality claims  Adoption  Illegitimacy (laws changed in 2014)
  • 65. 6 Forms of British Nationality • British Citizen • British National Overseas (BNO) – Hong Kong • British Overseas Territories Citizen (BOTC) – Island Territories • British Subject – India & Ireland • British Protected Person (BPP) – Protectorates & Protected States • British Overseas Citizen (BOC) – Former Colonies  These can be upgraded to full British Citizenship in some circumstances Alert!
  • 66. British National Overseas (BNO) • By Birth in (or Descent from) Hong Kong • Application made before Independence (1997) • Possible to upgrade to full British Nationality
  • 67. British Overseas Territories Citizen (BOTC) • Birth in (or “Connected” to) existing British Territories • Most upgraded to full British Nationality • Territories include:  St Helena, Tristan du Cunha, Ascension & Gough Islands  British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos)  Falklands  Gibraltar
  • 68. British Subject • Status of all British people before 1 Jan 1949 • Birth in British India before 1 Jan 1947 • Birth in Republic of Ireland before 1 Jan 1949 • Birth in Pre-1949 Self-Governing Colonies (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Rhodesia and South Africa) where nationality was NOT gained • British Subject status extinguished on gaining another Nationality
  • 69. British Protected Person (BPP) • Birth in British Protectorate, British Protected State or UK Mandated Territory • Descent from male BPP • BPP status usually extinguished on gaining another Nationality • Possible to upgrade to full British Nationality
  • 70. British Overseas Citizen (BOC) • Birth in place that remained British Colony after 1 Jan 1949 • Descent from male BOC • BOC status never extinguished on gaining another Nationality • Possible to upgrade to full British Nationality
  • 71. UK Immigration Several visas have been scrapped: × 2 Year Working Holiday Visa for South Africans & Zimbabweans × HSMP (Highly skilled) × Post Study Work Permit × Sponsorship of elderly parents Remaining Visa options include:  UK Ancestry  Business and Investor  Marriage  Work Permit
  • 72. UK Ancestry Visa  Any grandparent born in UK Alert!  No upper limit to Ancestry Visa  Oldest client was 83  Hold Commonwealth nationality  Over 17 years old  Intention to work  Can lead to Naturalisation and British Nationality after 6 years residence in UK
  • 73. UK Ancestry Visa Scrapped? Alert!  Apply for Ancestry Visa now  Renew visa every 5 years  Cannot be taken away once granted to you  Extensions possible under previous regulations  Can apply for it multiple times
  • 74. Nationality by Investment Business Visa • Investment of £200k • Creation of 2 new UK jobs • 6 months residence per year • ILR granted after 5 years Investor Visa • Minimum investment of £2m (up from £1m in Dec 2014) • Share Investment of active UK companies (not property) • 6 months residence per year • ILR granted after 5 yrs (3 yrs if £5m, 2 yrs if £10m)
  • 75. Proving your Claim Lost Documents “Balance of Probabilities”, not “Beyond Reasonable Doubt”  Circumstantial evidence is accepted Old Photographs and Letters, last Will & Testament, Baptism Documents, old Passports, signed Affidavits, etc.  Home Office approval required first  Philip Gamble & Partners can assist with locating documents in: • UK • Ireland • South Africa • Zimbabwe
  • 76. Submitting your Application Four key requirements • Addressed to correct authority • Signed by applicant as being correct • Application fee • Evidence to prove claim Nationality Application form • One form covers all Nationality applications • All complex claims will require explanations, including:  Copies of relevant Nationality Law  Detailed reasoning as to how nationality is gained
  • 77. Summary If your FAMILY TREE has ANY differences in places of birth… … it MIGHT BE POSSIBLE to claim British Nationality!
  • 78. Can I claim British Nationality? Yes No British Nationality Application UK Visa, or Other Nationalities
  • 79. • Do your own research … ?! I’m still not sure! • Call the British Embassy … • Ask an expert …
  • 80. 4 Step Process  Designed to avoid fees for rejected applications  Steps 1 - 3 are FREE  Step 4 involves time, research and fees
  • 81.  Born in UK before 1 Jan 1983  Parent (mother or father) born in UK before 1 Jan 1983  Naturalisation through UK residency  Born in UK before 1 Jan 1983  Married Parent (mother or father) born in UK before 1 Jan 1983  Resident in the UK for qualifying period  Child under 18 of a parent who is • British Citizen, and • Spent 3 years in the UK × 3rd generation country of birth and nationality (you, parents and grandparents) Except if:  You (or a parent) were adopted  Your mother was previously married  You or parent worked in Rhodesia  Born in UK before 1 Jan 1983  Married Parent (mother or father) born in UK before 1 Jan 1983  Resident in the UK for qualifying period  Child under 18 of a parent who is • British Citizen, and • Spent 3 years in the UK Non Standard Step 2 No Claim UK Visa Other Nationality British Nationality Application Standard Determine the type of claim you have STEP 1
  • 82. 1 or more Non-Standard Solutions Step 3 No Solutions UK Visa Other Nationality Complete our online Assessment STEP 2
  • 83. STEP 3 Philip Gamble reviews your Family Tree Possible (10% - 75%) BRITISH PASSPORT REVIEW Unlikely (5% - 10%) Likely (75% – 95% Definite > 95% Remote < 5%
  • 84. Research your claim STATUS TRACE No Claim British Nationality No Claim UK Visa STEP 4 Philip Gamble gives Yes/No answer
  • 85. Status Trace – what & why?  ONLY way to accurately answer the question “Am I British?” if claim is Non-Standard  Positive Status Trace is necessary step before non-standard application for British Nationality  Status Trace used to justify and explain to Home Office how you qualify  Research and Report by Nationality Specialist 3 months to Aug 2015*:  243 Status Traces written  53% Success Rate * Accurate as of September 2015
  • 86. Standard Route to British Nationality  Born in UK before 1983  Married Parent born in UK pre 1983  Naturalisation through UK residency Direct Application for Nationality Philip Gamble & Partners acts on your behalf Fees apply
  • 87. Non-Standard Route to British Nationality All other situations have complexity, and classified as  Likely  Possible  Unlikely Status Trace = £350 Fast Track (48 hours) = £650
  • 88. What are your next steps?  FREE British Passport Review  Email or call our team of specialists to start the Status Trace process  FREE online Nationality Assessment
  • 89. Philip Gamble & Partners info@philipgamble.co.uk Cape Town: 27 (0)21 657 2180 London: 44 (0) 20 7759 7581 facebook.com/philipgamblepartners www.whatpassport.com  Slide Show on our website and can be emailed to you (FREE)
  • 90. Key Nationality Facts Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka became Independent Commonwealth countries on 1 Jan 1949 for British Nationality purposes. British Colonies Major Commonwealth countries on 1 Jan 1949 Colonies (in context of this presentation) refers to territories that remain under full control of the UK after 1 Jan 1949 (this excludes Southern Rhodesia) Main forms of Nationality • Before 1 Jan 1949: British Subject • Between 1 Jan 1949 and 31 Dec 1982: Citizen of UK & Colonies (CUKC) • After 1 Jan 1983: British Citizen, British Overseas Citizen
  • 91. British Protectorates, Protected States & UK Mandated Territories Aden Protectorates (now part of Yemen) Ashanti (now part of Ghana) Bahrain Bechuanaland (now Botswana) Brunei Cyprus Egypt Gambia Protectorate (now part of Gambia) Gilbert Islands (now part of Kiribati) India Ionian Islands (now part of Greece) Iraq Israel Jordan Kamaran (now part of Yemen) Kenya Protectorate Kiribati Kuwait Malay States (now part of Malaysia) Maldives Nigeria Protectorates (now part of Nigeria) North Borneo and Labuan (now part of Malaysia) Northern Cameroon (now part of Nigeria) Northern Rhodesia (now part of Zambia) Northern Somaliland (now part of Somalia) Northern Territories Protectorate (now part of Ghana) Nyasaland (now Malawi) Palestine Qatar Sarawak (now part of Malaysia) Sierra Leone Protectorate Solomon Islands Southern Cameroon (now Cameroon) Swaziland Tanganyika (now Tanzania) Togoland (now part of Ghana) Tonga Transvaal (now part of South Africa) Tuvalu Uganda United Arab Emirates Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania)
  • 92. Foreign Countries with Extra-Territorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) Aegean Islands (now part of Greece) Albania Algeria Bougainville (part of Papua New Guinea) Buka (part of Papua New Guinea) Bulgaria China Crete (now part of Greece) Dodecanese Islands (now part of Greece) Egypt Epirus (now part of Greece) Ethiopia Iran Iraq Japan Kamaran (now part of Yemen) Lebanon Libya Macedonia (now part of Greece) Morocco Muscat and Oman (now Oman) Namibia Nauru New Guinea (now part of Papua New Guinea) North Korea Oman Palestine Qatar Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) Romania Samoa Saudi Arabia South Africa South Korea Syria Thailand Thessaly (now part of Greece) Tonga Tunisia Turkey Vanuatu WeiHaiWei (now part of China) Western Thrace (now part of Greece)
  • 93. UK & Colonies (from 1 Jan 1949) Aden Colony Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Ashanti (now part of Ghana) Bahamas Barbados Basutoland (now Lesotho) Bermuda British Antarctic Territory British Guiana (now Guyana) British Honduras (now Belize) British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos) British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Christmas Island (now part of Australia) Cocos and Keeling Islands (now part of Australia) Cyprus Dominica Falkland Islands Fiji Gambia Colony (Banjul and Kombo St Mary) Gibraltar Gilbert Islands (now part of Kiribati) Gold Coast Colony (now part of Ghana) Grenada Hong Kong Jamaica Kenya Colony (now part of Kenya) Kuria Muria Islands (now part of Yemen) Line Islands (now part of Kiribati) Malta Mauritius Montserrat Nigerian Colony (now part of Nigeria) North Borneo and Labuan (now part of Malaysia) Penang and Malacca (now part of Malaysia) Perim Islands (now part of Yemen) Phoenix Islands (now part of Kiribati) Pitcairn Islands Rotuma (now part of Fiji) Sarawak (now part of Malaysia) Seychelles Sierra Leone Colony Singapore South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands St Christopher St Kitts and Nevis St Helena Ascension Gough and Tristan da Cunha St Lucia St Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Tuvalu
  • 94. British Dependencies (from 1 Jan 1983) Akrotiri and Dhekelia UK Cyprus Military Bases Anguilla Bermuda British Antarctic Territory British Indian Ocean Territory-Chagos British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands Gibraltar Hong Kong (up to 30 Jun 1997) Montserrat Pitcairn Islands South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands St Christopher St Kitts and Nevis St Helena Ascension Gough and Tristan da Cunha Turks and Caicos
  • 95. We hope you enjoyed this presentation 