High Availability MySQL with DRBD and Heartbeat MTV Japan Mobile Service

High-Availability MySQL with DR:BD and Heartbeat: MTV Japan mobile services

©2008 MTV Networks Japan K.K.

Patrick Bolduan
patrick.bolduan@mtvn.jp

System Manager
MTV Networks Japan K.K.


Let’s get started


About MTVNJ
Company
Profile
Company Name MTV Networks Japan K.K.

President Peter Robert Bullard

Address 2-8-2 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001
TEL: 03-6434-3111 FAX: 03-6434-3150

Business MTV Networks Japan K.K. (MTVNJ) operates the mobile and PC
Description digital media services for all MTV Networks brands including MTV and
Nickelodeon in Japan. In addition to digital media services, MTVNJ
also operates a 24-hour Nickelodeon channel on CS/CATV, and the
consumer products business for Nickelodeon's character franchises in
Japan.


MTVNJ Mobile Brands


MTV Flux/MTV Mobile DB project intro


MTV Flux/MTV Mobile DB project
DB Selection

{database}


DB Selection

Project summary:
Merge all the database services for the MTV Flux and
MTV Mobile services on to a single database platform.

Database requirements:
• flexibility
• performance
• scalability
• redundancy
• support
• cost


DB Selection

MySQL MySQL
reqs/DB Oracle MS SQL
Community Enterprise

flexibility △／ × × ○ ○

performance ○ ○ ○ ○

scalability ○ ／△ ○ ○ ○

redundancy ○ ／△ ○ ○ ○

support ○ ○ × ○

cost × × ◎ △

DB Selection

We chose MySQL Enterprise


MySQL Architectures

MySQL Architectures:
• Single/multi Master
• Master/Slave
• Cluster
• DR:BD/Heartbeat HA Master

What we looked for:
• flexibility
• performance
• scalability
• redundancy
• support
• cost

MySQL Architectures

Single/multi Master
www www www • cheap(!)
• easy configuration
×
• load ↑ ⇒ performance ↓
• high risk (if master dies, no more DB)
Master

flexibility performance scalability redundancy support cost

○ ○/△ × × ○ ◎


MySQL Architectures

Master/Slave
www www www
• commonly used architecture
×
• some redundancy (read/writes separate)

• still some risk (operator needed for outage recovery)
• manual failover for outages
Master Slave


○ △ ○ △ ○ ◎


MySQL Architectures

Cluster
www www www • redundant!
• can scale
△
• complicated configuration
• limited support in Japan (2007)

Cluster


○ ○ ◎ ◎ ○/△ △


MySQL Architectures

DR:BD/Heartbeat HA Master
www www www • redundant (master fully redundant)
• can scale (add salves)
• reduced outage risk ◎
• can use failover for maintenance tasks
Primary Secondary
• complicated configuration


◎ ○/△ ○/△ ◎ ○ ○


MySQL HA Master


HA Master

Application Application

VIP

heartbeat

/etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
local local

/var/lib/mysql drbd /var/lib/mysql
DRBD DRBD
Primary Secondary

HA Master

Application Web site or whatever

VIP Manages/monitors DB process and mounts:
• provides application connection point (Virtual IP)
• monitors network status
heartbeat • watches the mysqld process
• manages the /var/lib/mysql mount point

mysqld (the database)

DRBD Synchronous device layer data replication


HA Master

Application 3 – heartbeat does:
Application
• 4 – Failoverdir unmount
pDB mysql complete!
• DRBD2switch
Failover
×
1 – Application looses
– heartbeat
• sDB mysqlthe mount
detects dir problem
connection to mysqld
VIP
process • sDB mysqld start
network or mysqld
failure
heartbeat

local local

/var/lib/mysql drbd
drbd /var/lib/mysql
DRBD DRBD
Primary Secondary

HA Master

Application Application
3 – heartbeat does:
4 – Failover complete!
Failover • sDB 32 – drbd mount
mysql dir
– heartbeat
1 – primary server fails!
• sDBdetects outage
mysqld start
VIP fails over
process
server outage

heartbeat

local local

DRBD DRBD
Primary Secondary

HA MySQL install


HA Master Install

Old DB
architecture

A Master B Master Master

local disk local disk local disk

Dual Master Single Master


HA Master Install

New DB
architecture
VIP

heartbeat

local local

DRBD DRBD
Primary Secondary

HA Master Install

Database migration work plan:
• stop production services
• perform full data backup (mysqldump)
• Replace MySQL architecture
• restore data from backup
• test database failover
• test application
• re-open production services


HA Master Install

Migration 2 – install/configure
5 – test application
3 – install
1 – remove old
VIP 4 – configure VIP
process database components
drbd and mysql
connectivity
heartbeat

heartbeat

A Master B Master Master

×
/etc/my.cnf
local disk
local ×
local disk

/etc/my.cnf
local disk
local

DRBD DRBD
Primary Secondary

HA Master Install

Actual migration work times:
•production services stop – 00:10
• full data backup (mysqldump) – 00:05
• MySQL architecture replacement – 01:30
• data restore – 00:10
• database failover test – 00:15
• application test – 03:00
• production services fully restored!


HA MySQL lessons learned


Lessons learned

Impact on our application:
• essentially the same as a single master
• can use same HA for:
• single master - master/slave - multi-master
• failover fast enough that DB outages don’t affect application

Heartbeat:
• no room for configuration mistakes
• pay special attention to peer connectivity
• run lots of tests before going to production!!!


Lessons learned

mysqld:
• can take advantage of redundancy to swap out nodes
• never try to run both primary and secondary at once!!
• leave all the redundancy to heartbeat

DR:BD:
• requires separate partition (can be LVM)
• like heartbeat – test your configurations!!!
• always check your DRBD status after a failover
• peers sometime require a manual re-sync


Lessons learned

Overall – good points:
• we were able to deploy HA in a short maintenance window
• commercial support available (MySQL – LINBIT)
• MySQL consultative services were a big help
• also usable with MySQL Community
• can be part of other architectures
• multi-master - master/slave

Overall – weak points:
• lots to learn, lots to test (heartbeat and DRBD)
• configuration and failover is complex
• mysqld restart requires some extra steps
• all admins/vendors need to understand failover basics

HA MySQL in other MTVNJ environments


Questions?

DRBD related links
http://www.drbd.org/users-guide/s-heartbeat-r1.html
http://www.drbd.org/users-guide/s-heartbeat-crm.html

MTVNJ links
http://www.mtvn.jp/en/index.html
http://www.mtvn.jp/en/service.html

Patrick Bolduan
MTV Networks Japan KK
2-8-2 Jingu-mae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001
patrick.bolduan@mtvn.jp
http://www.mtvjapan.com


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