Includes functions, history, and principles of arts, elements of visual arts, and so on.

3. Geographical Factors
places where artists stay influence their
work
For instance:
• Marble sculptures in
Romblon because of the
rich supply of marble.

4. Historical Factors
historical events exert a great influence
on the artist
For instance:
• Jose Rizal’s Noli Me
Tangere

5. Social Factors
For instance:
• English writer Ben
Jonson composed “Songs
to Celia”
• An Italian sonneteer named
Francesco Petrarch
wrote works for Laura
FRANCESCO PETRARCH

6. Ideation Factors
ideas coming from various people that
influence artists
For instance:
• Sigmund Freud, father of
psychoanalysis, said that the
human body is the most
beautiful thing to present in
an art. This soon gave birth to
nudism.
SIGMUND FREUD

7. Psychological Factors
works produced by artists are affected by
their psychological make-up or framework
For instance:
• “The Sick Child” by Edward
Munch (right) – childhood
experience of contracting an
illness after the loss of a loved
one.• “The Filipino is Worth Dying for”
by Sen. Benigno Aquino, Jr. –
written when he was still a
deportee in the U.S.

8. Technical Factors
using different techniques, brushes
and strokes

9. HARMONY
THE MILKMAID BY VERMEER
For instance: Adjacent colors on the color
wheel, similar shapes etc.

10. PRINCIPLES OF ART
It is the visually
satisfying effect of
combining similar,
related elements.

11. BALANCE
A feeling of equality in weight, attention, or
attraction of the various visual elements within
the pictorial field as a means of accomplishing
organic unity.
NO BALANCE BY BARMALISIRTB
FORMAL
BALANCE
INFORMAL
BALANCE
having equal
weight on equal
sides from the
center
present when the
left and right side of
the art display
different objects but
have the same
weight

12. FORMAL
BALANCE
Bilateral Symmetry – present when the left and
right sides mirror each other
Radial Symmetry – exists when the same measure
occurs from the central point to the end of every
radius

13. INFORMAL
BALANCE

14. PROPORTION
It is the comparison of dimensions or
distribution of forms.
It is the relationship in scale between one
element and another, or between a whole
object and one of its parts. Differing
proportions within a composition can relate
to different kinds of balance or symmetry,
and can help establish visual weight and
depth.
VITRUVIAN MAN BY FRANCESCO DI GIORGIO

15. RHYTHM
A continuance, a flow, or a feeling of
movement achieved by the repetition of
regulated visual information.

16. EMPHASIS
It suggests that certain elements should
assume more importance than others in the
same composition. It contributes to organic
unity by emphasizing the fact that there is
one main feature and that other elements are
subordinate to it.
STREET ART BY EMANUEL M. OLOGEANU

17. GENRES OF
ART

18. WHAT IS GENRE?
• You tell your friend that you're going to the movies. The first question
that he or she may ask you is, 'what kind of movie is it?' You probably
then respond that's it's a comedy, drama, horror, western or maybe even
a musical. Just from your simple response, your friend will immediately
know exactly what kind of experience you will have over the next couple
of hours.
• Genre is used to group various types of art. It provides a rule bound
world in which there are a predictable range of features and
expectations. So if I decide to go to a book store and buy a fantasy
novel, my expectations are that the story will feature an imaginary place
with fairy tale elements such as wizards and supernatural powers and
magic. Imagine if I'm expecting a fantasy and instead I wind up reading
a non-fiction story on the Vietnam War. My present expectations would
obviously not be met and I'd most likely be extremely disappointed.

19. VISUAL
ARTS

20. The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting,
sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video,
filmmaking and architecture. Many artistic disciplines
(performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of
the visual arts as well as arts of other types.

22. BAROQUE

23. In fine art, the term Baroque (derived from the Portuguese word 'barocco'
meaning, 'irregular pearl or stone') describes a fairly complex idiom,
originating in Rome, which flowered during the period c.1590-1720, and
which embraced painting, and sculpture as well as architecture. After the
idealism of the Renaissance (c.1400-1530), and the slightly 'forced' nature
of Mannerism (c.1530-1600), Baroque art above all reflected the religious
tensions of the age - notably the desire of the Catholic Church in Rome
(as annunciated at the Council of Trent, 1545-63) to reassert itself in the
wake of the Protestant Reformation. Thus it is almost synonymous
with Catholic Counter-Reformation Art of the period.

25. GRAPHIC
ART

26. The term 'graphic art' (a derivation from the German Graphik,
originating from graphikos, the Greek for drawing) commonly
denotes those forms of visual expression that depend for their effect
on line and tone (disegno), not color (colorito). The main classical
type of graphic art is drawing, which includes cartoons, caricature,
comic strips and animation, as well as line drawings
and sketching with pencil or charcoal, and pen and ink. Graphic art
also denotes those art forms involved in printmaking, such
as etching and engraving, including drypoint. Postmodern forms
include the word art of Christopher Wool (b.1955) - characterized by
monumental black stenciled letters arranged on a geometric grid -
and the conceptual graphic art of Barbara Kruger (b.1945).

27. ABSTRACT

28. The term 'abstract art' - also called "non-objective art", "non-figurative",
"non-representational", "geometric abstraction", or "concrete art" - is a rather vague
umbrella term for any painting or sculpture which does not portray recognizable
objects or scenes. However, as we shall see, there is no clear consensus on the
definition, types or aesthetic significance of abstract art.
Picasso thought that there was no such thing, while some art critics take the
view that all art is abstract - because, for instance, no painting can hope to be more
than a crude summary (abstraction) of what the painter sees. Even mainstream
commentators sometimes disagree over whether a canvas should be labelled
"expressionist" or "abstract" - take for example the watercolour Ship on Fire (1830,
Tate), and the oil painting Snow Storm - Steam Boat off a Harbour's Mouth (1842,
Tate), both by JMW Turner (1775-1851).
A similar example is Water-Lilies (1916-20, National Gallery, London) by
Claude Monet (1840-1926). Also, there is a sliding scale of abstraction: from semi-
abstract to wholly abstract. So even though the theory is relatively clear - abstract art
is detached from reality - the practical task of separating abstract from non-abstract
can be much more problematical.

30. PLASTIC
ARTS

31. The term "plastic art" - derived from the word "plasticize", meaning
"to mould" - describes any art form which involves modelling or moulding
in three dimensions. The most common example of the plastic arts
is sculpture. This is because sculptors chip, carve, shape or modulate a
range of traditional materials, such as marble, granite, sandstone, bone,
ivory, wood, and terracotta, as well as contemporary materials such as
concrete, aluminum, and foam rubber.
Another type of plastic art, in this case using clay, is ceramic
pottery, including earthenware, maiolica, raku and stoneware, as well
as Chinese porcelain and celadon ware. Yet more types of plastic art
include: collage, paper art, and Origami paper folding; metalworking,
glass blowing and other forms of glass art, including mosaics; wood-
working, as well as contemporary disciplines such as ice sculpture and
also, sand art.

33. SCULPTING

34. The most enduring and, arguably, the greatest form of fine
art known to man, sculpture has played a major role in the evolution of
Western culture. Its history and stylistic development are those of Western
art itself.
It is a key indicator of the cultural achievements of Classical
Antiquity, and became an important influence on the development
of Renaissance art in Italy. Together with architecture, it was the principal
form of monumental religious art which for centuries (c.400-1800) was the
driving force of European civilization. Even today, although continuously
evolving, sculpture is still the leading method of expressing and
commemorating both historical figures and events.

36. AUDIO-VISUAL
ART

37. LITERARY
ARTS

38. Literary works include nondramatic textual works with or without
illustrations. They may be published or nonpublished. Computer
programs and databases also are considered literary works. Plays, dramas,
and screenplays are not in the literary works category.

39. DRAMA

40. Drama is a mode of fictional representation through dialogue and
performance. It is one of the literary genres, which is an imitation of
some action. Drama is also a type of a play written for theaters,
televisions, radios and films.
In simple words, a drama is a composition
in verse or prose presenting a story in pantomime or dialogue,
containing conflict of characters, particularly the ones who perform
in front of audience on the stage. The person who writes drama for
stage directions is known as a dramatist or playwright.

42. POETRY

43. Poetry (ancient Greek: ποιεω (poieo) = I create) is an art form in which
human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or
instead of, its notional and semantic content. It consists largely of oral
or literary works in which language is used in a manner that is felt by
its user and audience to differ from ordinary prose.
It may use condensed or compressed form to convey emotion or ideas
to the reader's or listener's mind or ear; it may also use devices such as
assonance and repetition to achieve musical or incantatory effects.
Poems frequently rely for their effect on imagery, word association,
and the musical qualities of the language used. The interactive layering
of all these effects to generate meaning is what marks poetry.

44. Methods
of presenting the subjects

45. Certain Methods of presenting arts are employed in order for
it to be effective. In presenting his subject, the artist uses
different methods to express the idea he wants to make clear.
INTRODUCTION

46. It is the attempt to portray the
subject as is. The artist selects,
changes, and arranges details to
express the idea he wants to make
clear. The artist main function is to
describe accurately what is
observed through the senses.
REALISM

48. • “Abstract” means to move away or
separate
• Abstract art moves away from
showing things as they really are.
• Not Realistic
ABSTRACTION

49. Distortion
Elongation
Mangling
cubism
TYPES OF ABSTRACTION

50. By Henrietta Harris
This painting is an example of distortion
but is not abstract
DISTORTION
The subject is in misshaped
condition

51. ELONGATION
The subject is lengthened for
protraction or extension

52. MANGLING
Subjects are either cut, lacerated,
mutilated, or hacked

53. CUBISM
Subjects are shown in basic
geometrical shapes
by Picasso

54. SYMBOLISM
The presentation of an invisible sign
such as an idea or a quality into
something visible.

55. Symbolism in Painting - Panaesthetics
by Daniel Albright
by Armen Gasparian 1966

56. FAUVISMThemes are either ethical, philosophical,
or psychological.
Subjects express comfort, joy or
happiness.

57. The Dance
by: Henri Matisse
Charing Cross Bridge, London
By André Derain

58. DADAISMA protest movement formed in 1916 by
a group of artists in Zurich,
Switzerland.
They try to provoke the public with
outrageous forms of arts.
“dada” - hobby horse

59. FUTURISM
Its works aims to capture the speed and
force of modern industrial society and to
glorify the mechanical energy of modern
life.

60. SURREALISMFounded in Paris in 1924 by French
poet Andre Breton.
It tries to reveal a new and higher
reality than that of daily life.
They aim to create a magical world
,more beautiful than the real one
through art.
It came from the slang of super
realism.d

61. By Jim Warren

62. DIVISIONS OF ART STUDY

63. SCOPE OF THE STUDY OF ARTS
• During second half of 20th century:
• Aesthetics or art appreciation
• Art history
• Now:
• Extended to:
• Art production
• Art criticism

64. AESTHETICS OR ART APPRECIATION
• Art Appreciation is the knowledge and understanding of the universal and
timeless qualities that identify all great art.
• Admire the artists
• Value highly different works of art
• Appreciate the role of art in society

65. ART PRODUCTION
Art history is the study of objects of art in their historical development and
stylistic contexts (genre, design, format, and style).
ART HISTORY
Using creativity, applying artistic knowledge and skills in producing own works
of art.

66. VIDEO

67. ART CRITICISM
Art criticism is the discussion or evaluation of art.
Various movements has resulted in a division of art criticism into different
disciplines which may each use different criteria for their judgements.
GOAL: the pursuit of a rational basis for art appreciation

69. LINE
–Foundation of drawing
–Series of connected dots or
prolongation of a point
–Suggest shape, pattern, form,
structure, growth, depth, distance,
rhythm, movement and a range of
emotions
–Two-or three-dimensional, http://www.incredibleart.org/files/elemen

70. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO LINES
curved
comfort and ease
horizontal
distance and calm
vertical
height and strength
jagged
turmoil and anxiety

71. Freehand lines – personal energy and mood of the artist
Mechanical lines – rigid control
Continuous lines – lead the eye in certain directions
Broken lines – the ephemeral or the insubstantial
Thick lines – strength
Thin lines – delicacy
DIFFERENT EXPRESSIVE QUALITIES TO LINES

72. CONTINUOUS LINES
FREEHAND LINES
MECHANICAL LINES

73. THICK LINESBROKEN LINES THIN LINES

74. COLOR
–Most important and noticeable
element
–Classified into: primary, secondary,
and intermediate
–Different colored sectors used to
show the relationship between
colors
–Produce tints (add white), shades

75. COLOR WHEEL
PRIMARY
COLORS
Red
Yellow
Blue
TERTIARY COLORS
mixture of secondary and
primary colors
Brown
Gray/Grey
SECONDARY COLORS
mixture of primary
colors
Green
Orange
Purple

76. VS
HSLBASIC

77. SHAPE
–Two-dimensional: limited to height and
width or flat
–Two categories: geometric and organic
GEOMETRIC ORGANIC
–Free-
flowing
–Irregular
–Nature
–Clear
edges
–Manmad
e

78. FORM
–Overall composition
of the artwork: color,
shape, juxtaposition,
contrast and
dimension
–Could also refer to
as a three-
dimensional object

79. TEXTURE– Sense of touch
– Smooth or rough, fine or coarse, glossy or
dull, regular or irregular
– Dependent on medium or material he uses

80. SPACE
– Area or surface occupied by artwork
– Space can be positive (white or light) or
negative (black or dark), open or closed,
shallow or deep and two-dimensional or
three-dimensional

81. PERSPECTIVE
–Point of view; angle of vision; frame of
reference
–Technique used to represent a three-
dimensional world on a two-dimensional
surface to look realistic
–Two types: one-point perspective and
two-point perspective

82. One-point perspective
when it contains only one
vanishing point on the
horizon line. This type of
perspective is typically used
for images of roads, railway
tracks, hallways, or
buildings viewed so that the
front is directly facing the
viewer.
Two-point perspective,
the view is from the
corner and the sides
recede toward two

83. History of Art
FROM GREEK PERIOD TO POST-MODERNISM

84. I. GREEK PERIOD: GOLDEN AGE
• The height of this period was the time of Pericles and
Thucydides, of the great dramatists Sophocles and
Euripides, and of the young Socrates.
• Aesthetic ideal based on the representation of human
character as an expression of a divine system
embodying a rational ethic and ordered reality was
integral to the culture
• The sculptor Polykleitos sought to arrive at a
rational norm for the structure of the ideal human
figure.
500
BC
BEGINS ENDS
410
BC

85. Sculpture of Pan teaching Daphnis to
play the pipes; c. 100 BCE Found in
Pompeii.

86. GREEK PERIOD: HELLENISTIC PERIOD
• With the conquests of Alexander the Great,
Greek art entered its last great phase, the
Hellenistic period.
• Masterpieces of this period include
the Nike (Victory) of Samothrace and Aphrodite
of Melos (both: Louvre) and the Pergamum
Frieze (Berlin Mus.)
336
BC
BEGINS ENDS
146
AD

87. Winged Victory of Samothrace
(2nd-century BC marble sculpture of
the Greek goddess Nike)
- one of the most celebrated sculptures
in the world.

88. II. ROMAN PERIOD
• The particularity of Graeco-Roman art lies
in its combination of Hellenic and Roman
morphological elements and expressive
tendencies.
146
AD
BEGINS ENDS
323
AD

89. III. MEDIEVAL PERIOD
• There were no portrait paintings in the art
of the Middle Ages. The colors were
generally somewhat muted.
• In Byzantine and Gothic art of the Middle
Ages, the dominance of the church insisted
on the expression of biblical truths.
323
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1400
AD

91. IV. RENAISSANCE PERIOD
• Renaissance artists painted a wide variety of
themes. Religious altarpieces, fresco cycles,
and small works for private devotion were
very popular.
1270
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1594
AD

92. Creazione di Adamo
The Creation of Adam is a fresco painting by Michelangelo,
which forms part of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling, painted c.
1511–1512.

93. HIGH RENAISSANCE PERIOD
• High Renaissance is the period denoting the apogee of the
visual arts in the Italian Renaissance.
• Extending the general rubric of Renaissance culture, the visual
arts of the High Renaissance were marked by a renewed
emphasis upon the classical tradition, the expansion of
networks of patronage, and a gradual attenuation of figural
forms into the style later termed Mannerism

94. David
David is a masterpiece of
Renaissance sculpture
created between 1501 and
1504 by Michelangelo.
Mona Lisa
“The best known, the most visited, the
most written about, the most sung about,
the most parodied work of art in the
world"

95. V. AGE OF MANNERISM
• Where High Renaissance art emphasizes
proportion, balance, and ideal beauty,
Mannerism exaggerates such qualities, often
resulting in compositions that are
asymmetrical or unnaturally elegant.
1530
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1616
AD

96. The Birth of Venus
by Sandro BotticelliArcimboldo Vertumnus by
Guiseppe Arcimboldo

97. VI. BAROQUE PERIOD
• The Baroque is often thought of as a period
of artistic style that used exaggerated
motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to
produce drama, tension, exuberance, and
grandeur in sculpture, painting,
architecture, literature, dance, theater, and
music.
1600
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1750
AD

98. The Triumph of the Immaculate by
Paolo de Matteis

99. VII. CLASSIC PERIOD
• Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a
high regard for a classical period, classical
antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting
standards for taste which the classicists seek
to emulate. The art of classicism typically
seeks to be formal and restrained
1644
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1793
AD

100. Crossing the Alps
by Jacques Louis David

101. VIII. ROCOCO PERIOD
• Rococo, less commonly roccoco, or "Late
Baroque", is an 18th-century artistic
movement and style, affecting many aspects
of the arts including painting, sculpture,
architecture, interior design, decoration,
literature, music, and theatre.
1715
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1774
AD

102. Pierrot
by Antoine Watteau

103. IX. ROMANTIC PERIOD
• The movement emphasized intense emotion
as an authentic source of aesthetic
experience, placing new emphasis on such
emotions as apprehension, horror and
terror, and awe—especially that experienced
in confronting the new aesthetic categories
of the sublimity and beauty of nature.
1773
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1848
AD

104. Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
by Caspar David Friedrich

105. X. REALIST AND NATURALIST PERIOD
• As intellectual and artistic movements 19th-
Century Realism and Naturalism are both
responses to Romanticism but are not really
comparable to it in scope or influence.
• Realism is a recurrent theme in art which
becomes a coherent movement only after
1850.
1827
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1927
AD

106. Bonjour Monsieur Courbet
by Gustave Courbet

107. XI. IMPRESSIONISTIC PERIOD
• A 19th-century art movement that
originated with a group of Paris-based
artists whose independent exhibitions
brought them to prominence during the
1870s and 1880s
1863
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1900
AD

108. XI. IMPRESSIONISTIC PERIOD
• Characteristics include relatively small, thin, yet
visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis
on accurate depiction of light in its changing
qualities (often accentuating the effects of the
passage of time), ordinary subject matter,
inclusion of movement as a crucial element of
human perception and experience, and unusual
visual angles.
1863
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1900
AD

109. Starry Night
by Vincent Van Gogh

110. XII. MODERN PERIOD
• The creative world's response to the rationalist
practices and perspectives of the new lives and
ideas provided by the technological advances of
the industrial age that caused contemporary
society to manifest itself in new ways compared
to the past
1895
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1990
AD

111. XII. MODERN PERIOD
• Artists worked to represent their experience of
the newness of modern life in appropriately
innovative ways.
• Characterized by the artist's intent to portray a
subject as it exists in the world, according to
his or her unique perspective and is typified by
a rejection of accepted or traditional styles and
values.
1895
AD
BEGINS ENDS
1990
AD

112. I and the Village
by Marc Chagall

113. XIII. POST-MODERNISM
• A body of art movements that sought to
contradict some aspects of modernism or some
aspects that emerged or developed in its
aftermath. In general, movements such as
intermedia, installation art, conceptual art and
multimedia, particularly involving video are
described as postmodern.
1990
AD
BEGINS
NOW

114. The Demon of Curiosity
by A.R. Penck