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Intro to Linux Shell Scripting
- 1. Shell Scripting An Introduction to Linux Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School, Fort Wayne Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 2. This talk ISN'T for # Experienced shell scripters # People who own Tshirts saying “Go away or I will replace you with a very small shell script” # Anyone with a favorite shell hack they MUST share... ;) Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 3. This talk is for you if... # You can open a terminal # You can type # You're interested in how to combine those two things to make your life easier Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 4. What's Coming # Why use the shell? # Basic shell commands # Combining shell commands # Creating simple scripts # Automation with cron Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 6. $ Need to manage computers not on your desk? $ Need to perform complex operations, on lots of files? $ Need to repeat the same operations on a lot of machines? $ Wish that some of this routine stuff could just happen? Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 7. What's a “shell”? # A program that uses (text) commands to talk to the OS # DOS (e.g.) # sh, bash, csh, ksh, zsh, etc... # This talk will assume bash Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 8. Basic Shell Commands # Files – ls, cp, mv, rm, mkdir # Access – chmod, chown # Disks – df, mount # Processes – ps, kill, fg, bg # Network – ifconfig, ping, tracepath Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 9. Take ls, for example # ls list files # ls l list more info # ls a list ALL # ls t list by date # ls R list Recursive # ls latR or combine Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 10. More file commands # cp a b copy files # mv a b move (rename) # rm a delete # rm rf a remove EVERYTHING (danger, danger) Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 11. Access commands # chown user:group a change file owner # chmod ugo+rwx a change permissions Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 12. disk commands # df get free space # du /folder get amount used # mount show/change disks mounted Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 13. process commands # ps ax show processes # kill processid kill a process # fg foreground # bg background Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 14. network commands # ifconfig show interfaces # ping ping a host # tracepath follow a packet Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 15. So you can... # Manage files # Monitor disks # Control user access # Manage/debug network connections Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 16. DANGER! You can also... Completely destroy your system Don't experiment/practice as root! Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 17. But how do you know what does what? # Man – the best way to find out what a command does # Apropos – the way to find the right command # tldp.org – man pages and howto's # Google ;) Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 18. So? How is this better than using a file manager? # Powerful – you can do ANYTHING # Remote – you can do it from ANYWHERE # “Combinable” (that's next) Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 19. The “unix idea” # Small, specific utilities # Text input/output # “pipes” to connect one utility to another Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 20. Commands to pull it all together # cat dump file # grep find a pattern # cut cut out a field # sort sort # uniq remove dupes # head, tail get part of file # more, less page through file Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 21. Introducing the “pipe” # | connects the output of one command to the input of another # > (and >>) puts the output into a file # < puts a file to input Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 22. For example... Find out who is hogging the home disk... # du # sort # tail # du cks * | sort rn | head Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 23. Another example... Who's tried to log into your box? # cat # grep # cut # sort # uniq Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 24. cat /var/log/auth.log | grep "Failed password" | grep v "invalid" | cut d " " f 9,11 | sort | uniq Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 25. Scripts # To avoid retyping (and sometimes refiguring out) # To handle more complex chores Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 26. Creating a simple script # Text file (text editor) # The “shebang” line # Shell commands # Make it executable Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 27. “space hog” as script #!/bin/bash du cks $1 | sort rn | head Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 28. “login finder” as script Login finder as a script cat $1 | grep "Failed password" | grep v "invalid" | cut d " " f 9,11 |grep $2 | sort | uniq Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 29. What I didn't cover (a very partial list) # find # editors # tar # Sed & awk # environment # cron & crontab vars # loops # echo # if # sleep # test ( [ ] ) Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 30. But what about automation? What if you need to repeat the same script every month? Every week? Every day? Every hour? Every minute? Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 31. Automating with cron # cron lets you run scripts at any time, as any user Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 32. Print Resources # Classic Shell Scripting, Robbins & Beebe, O'Reilly # Think Linux, Jon Lasser, QUE # UNIX Hints and Hacks, Kirk Waingrow, QUE # Linux in a Nutshell, Ellen Siever, et al. O'Reilly # Many books on Linux/UNIX automation and administration Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School
- 34. Video Resources # http://video.google.com Search for “linux shell scripting tutorial” Intro to Shell Scripting Vern Ceder Canterbury School