1. The liability of shippers and receivers of goods: and inconvenient danger Bernard Insel
2.
3.
4. The consequences: The Hyundai Fortune suffered a huge explosion on 21st March 2006. The combined costs: over $ 300.000.000. Probable cause: a single mis-declared container.
5. The Hanjin Pennsylvania exploded in November 2002. Losses: over $ 100.000.000. Cause: a non-declared cargo of fireworks.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11. The Rotterdam Rules: a bleak future “ When goods by their nature or character are, or reasonably appear likely to become, a danger to persons, property or the environment: (a) The shipper shall inform the carrier of the dangerous nature or character of the goods in a timely manner before they are delivered to the carrier or a performing party . If the shipper fails to do so and the carrier or performing party does not otherwise have knowledge of their dangerous nature or character, the shipper is liable to the carrier for loss or damage resulting from such failure to inform; and (b) The shipper shall mark or label dangerous goods in accordance with any law, regulations or other requirements of public authorities that apply during any stage of the intended carriage of the goods . If the shipper fails to do so, it is liable to the carrier for loss or damage resulting from such failure” Article 32 provides:
![Consider this: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)