The document provides historical context for understanding the prophet Ezekiel. It discusses the timeline of Ezekiel's ministry in relation to key events, including the fall of Jerusalem. Ezekiel received his call from God in 593 BC while exiled in Babylon, and was commissioned to warn Judah of coming judgment due to their sins but also to prophesy a future restoration. The document outlines the structure of Ezekiel's book, including his call, oracles of judgment on Judah and surrounding nations, and a final section depicting future blessing. Throughout, Ezekiel is presented as both a pastor who announces God's judgment but also limits to it, as well as an evangelist proclaiming messages of future hope.
23. 609 BC
• Egyptians (under Pharoah Neco) marched to
help Assyria
• King Josiah killed at Megiddo trying to stop
them
24. 609 BC
• Egyptians (under Pharoah Neco) marched to
help Assyria
• King Josiah killed at Megiddo trying to stop
them
• Babylonians won …
25. 609 BC
• Egyptians (under Pharoah Neco) marched to
help Assyria
• King Josiah killed at Megiddo trying to stop
them
• Babylonians won …
… but Egypt still controlled Judah
28. 605 BC: Battle of
Carchemish
• Babylonians (under Nebuchadnezzar)
defeated Assyrian-Egyptian alliance
• End of Assyria as world power
29. 605 BC: Battle of
Carchemish
• Babylonians (under Nebuchadnezzar)
defeated Assyrian-Egyptian alliance
• End of Assyria as world power
• Judah came under Babylonian control
41. Nebuchadnezzar
• Nabû-kudurri-uṣur II
= ‘may Nebo (god of literature and wisdom)
protect my boundary’
• Ruled for 43 of the 70 years of the Neo-
Babylonian Empire
42. Nebuchadnezzar
• Nabû-kudurri-uṣur II
= ‘may Nebo (god of literature and wisdom)
protect my boundary’
• Ruled for 43 of the 70 years of the Neo-
Babylonian Empire
• Reconstructed Babylonian Empire
54. Babylonian Chronicle
This segment covers:
• 605-594 BC
• Battle of Carchemish
• Accession of
Nebuchadnezzar
• Appointment of
Zedekiah
• Judean exile
62. Exile was not simply displacement from
the land, but it was the experience of the
end of creation, the exhaustion of
salvation history, the demise of king,
temple, city, land and all those supports
which gave structure and meaning to life.
Walter Breuggemann,
‘Weariness, Exile and Chaos’
34
70. I. Ezekiel’s commission (1:1 – 3:27)
II. Judah’s sin and judgment (4:1 – 24:27)
III. Oracles against nations (25:1 – 32:32)
IV. Future blessing (33:1 – 48:35)
38
75. Timing
• 30th year of Ezekiel’s life
… when he should have started as a priest
40
76. Timing
• 30th year of Ezekiel’s life
… when he should have started as a priest
•5 th day of 4th month = 31 July
40
77. Timing
• 30th year of Ezekiel’s life
… when he should have started as a priest
•5 th day of 4th month = 31 July
•5 th year of Jehoiachin’s exile = 593 BC
40
78. Timing
• 30th year of Ezekiel’s life
… when he should have started as a priest
•5 th day of 4th month = 31 July
•5 th year of Jehoiachin’s exile = 593 BC
• Six years before the fall of Jerusalem
40
79. Dates in Ezekiel
1:2 31 July 593 30:20 March 587
8:1 17 September 592 31:1 May 587
20:1 14 August 591 32:1 February 585
24:1 15 January 588 32:17 March 585
26:1 587 33:21 8 January 585
29:1 December 588 40:1
573
29:17 571
41
91. IV. Future blessing
• Ezekiel’s call renewed (33:1–20)
• Jerusalem falls; oracles of salvation;
vindication of Israel (33:21 – 37:28)
44
92. IV. Future blessing
• Ezekiel’s call renewed (33:1–20)
• Jerusalem falls; oracles of salvation;
vindication of Israel (33:21 – 37:28)
• God’s future victory over nations
(38:1 – 39:29)
44
93. IV. Future blessing
• Ezekiel’s call renewed (33:1–20)
• Jerusalem falls; oracles of salvation;
vindication of Israel (33:21 – 37:28)
• God’s future victory over nations
(38:1 – 39:29)
• God’s glory returns; a renewed city, temple
and land (40:1 – 48:35)
44
167. . . . and towards the exiles
chapter 10–11
101
Editor's Notes
Five key questions to ask when handling the prophets 1
Need to find dates, events, situations
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
What structure, genre, kinds of oracles, etc.?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
what is the historical setting? ≈≈ what are major sections? ≈≈ what forms of oracles are used? what other genres are included? ≈≈ what does the text actually say?
God and his glory (1:1, 28)
Note ‘looked like’ (1:4), ‘appearance’ (1:5), ‘like’ (1:6), ‘appeared’ (1:16), ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord’ (1:28)
God and his glory (1:1, 28)
Note ‘looked like’ (1:4), ‘appearance’ (1:5), ‘like’ (1:6), ‘appeared’ (1:16), ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord’ (1:28)
God and his glory (1:1, 28)
Note ‘looked like’ (1:4), ‘appearance’ (1:5), ‘like’ (1:6), ‘appeared’ (1:16), ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord’ (1:28)
God and his glory (1:1, 28)
Note ‘looked like’ (1:4), ‘appearance’ (1:5), ‘like’ (1:6), ‘appeared’ (1:16), ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord’ (1:28)
God and his glory (1:1, 28)
Note ‘looked like’ (1:4), ‘appearance’ (1:5), ‘like’ (1:6), ‘appeared’ (1:16), ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord’ (1:28)
God and his glory (1:1, 28)
Note ‘looked like’ (1:4), ‘appearance’ (1:5), ‘like’ (1:6), ‘appeared’ (1:16), ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord’ (1:28)
God and his glory (1:1, 28)
Note ‘looked like’ (1:4), ‘appearance’ (1:5), ‘like’ (1:6), ‘appeared’ (1:16), ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord’ (1:28)
God and his glory (1:1, 28)
Note ‘looked like’ (1:4), ‘appearance’ (1:5), ‘like’ (1:6), ‘appeared’ (1:16), ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord’ (1:28)
God and his glory (1:1, 28)
Note ‘looked like’ (1:4), ‘appearance’ (1:5), ‘like’ (1:6), ‘appeared’ (1:16), ‘the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord’ (1:28)
Cherubim: Ex. 25:18–20; 1 Kings 6:23–28; Seraphim: Isaiah 6:2
Fire: Ex. 19:18; Isaiah 6:6; Dome/vault = firmament in Gen 1:7
Echo of cart in 2 Sam. 6:3?
Son of man used 90 times in Ezekiel
respect for King
respect for Ezekiel?
Rebellious (11 times) ≈≈ Obstinate and stubborn (2:4) ≈≈ Unwilling to listen to God or his messengers (3:7) ≈≈ Hardened (3:7) ≈≈ Provoking fear and terror (‘Do not be afraid’ – 2:6; 3:9) ≈≈ Likened to briars, thorns, scorpions (2:6)
‘Do not be afraid of them or their words’ (2:6); ‘Do not be afraid though briars and thorns are all around …’ (2:6); ‘Do not be afraid … or terrified by them though they are a rebellious house’ (2:6)
No guarantees of safety (3:25); God will toughen Ezekiel up (3:8, 9)
‘Whether they listen or fail to listen’ (2:5, 7; 3:10, 18-21)
‘Whoever will listen, let them listen and whoever will refuse, let them refuse’ (3:27)
‘They will know that a prophet has been among them’ (2:5)
People will be without excuse (3:18-21)
‘speak my words’ (2:7): The scroll (2:8-3:4): Both sides covered – no room for additions; Lament, mourning, woe – negative message; ‘Fill your stomach’ – no other nourishment; Sweet as honey – ultimately satisfying (Psalm 19, 119) ≈≈ Ezekiel unable to say anything else (3:26). Not to people you can’t understand – they would listen eagerly (3:5–7);
But to people who do understand but who will not listen