Assessment of coral reefs health in Nature Recreation Park (TWA=Taman Wisata Alam) Sangiang Island, Banten

Assessment of Coral Reefs Health in Nature Recreation
Park (TWA=Taman Wisata Alam) Sangiang Island, Banten
International Conference of Marine Science (ICMS) 2019 Bogor, 4th September 2019
Idris1,2 , Aulia Rahmania Putri1, Cakra Adiwijaya1, Muhamad Gilang1, Prakas
Santoso1, Budi Prabowo1, Fadel Muhammad1, Wiwid Andriyani L1, Dea Fauzia
Lestari1, Wahyu Adi Setyaningsih1, Neviaty P. Zamani1
(1) Marine Science and Technology- IPB University (2) Indonesian Coral
Reef Foundation (TERANGI).

Introduction

The status of Indonesia's coral reefs was in:
- very good condition at 6.56%,
- good conditions at 22.96%,
- fair conditions at 34.3%, and
- bad conditions at 36.18%
Source: The last report from
Indonesian Institute of Sciences
(LIPI) at 2018

Status
- The status of Sangiang Island was the Nature Recreation
Park (TWA) that managed by Ministry of Forestry and
Environmental of Indonesia since 8th February 1993
(Kepmenhut No. 122/Kpts-II/1985)
- The covered area was 528.15 Ha
- There were 23 locations that tourist can visit for marine
tourism activity such as scuba diving, snorkeling, jet ski,
sailing, swimming, fishing, and sunbathing (BKSDA of
West Java, 2016)

Coral Reef in Sangiang ISland
- Sangiang Island as the conservation areas and also the
tourist areas required comprehensive data support to
conduct good management, especially in coral reef
ecosystem
- the coral reef at Sangiang Island has been experiencing
environmental pressure caused by massive marine
tourism and high nutrient input from mainland
- Coral reef health index was the method that can be
used to determine the condition of coral reefs

The purpose of this study was to determine:
- The condition of the substrate (Live coral cover, Rubble cover, Fleshy seaweed)
- the biomass of coral reef fish, and
- to identify parameters that affected coral health and the coral reefs health index in TWA Sangiang
Island.
The purpose

Methodology

Study Site
- The study was conducted on May 22, 2019
- 3 of station spreaded across the eastern
part of Sangiang Island.
- The first station was in the Legon Bajo,
then the second station was in Legon
Waru, and the last station was in
Tembuyung.

Data Collection
Data collection was conducted on reef slopes with depth 3-5 m and types of substrates
was taken by using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method.

Data Analysis
Substrate’s condition
- UPT data on each transect was analyzed using
CPCe and coral point counted with excel
extensions (Kohler and Gill, 2006)
- The assessment of coral reef condition using
the criteria that developed by Zamani and
Madduppa (2011)
Coral Reef Fish
The biomass of coral reef fish was
calculated using the length-weight
relationship for each fish species using the
formula from Kulbicki et al. (2005)
Criteria for coral reef health (Zamani and Madduppa, 2011)

Coral Reef Health Index
- The value of coral reef health index was determined by two main components:
1 benthic biota components that based on coral cover and
2 reef fish components based on the total biomass of target fish
- The resilience or recovery factor was calculated based on fleshy seaweed cover and rubble
cover
- Correspondence analysis (CA) was used to analyze the closeness between the coral health
index parameters and the observation station
Data Analysis

Result & Discussion

Underwater Substrate Coverage
24%
10%
14%
9%
1%
13%
27%
2%0%
CORAL (C)
DEAD CORAL (DC)
OTHER BIOTA (OTHER)
ALGAE (ALGAE)
ROCK (RCK)
RUBBLE (R)
SAND(S)
SILT (SI)
TAPE, WAND, SHADOW (TWS)
Composition and average proportion of underwater substrate in Sangiang Island

11.76
0.32
0.07
0.17
3.86
0.56
6.30
0.19
0.43
0.69
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
Acropora branching (ACB)
Acropora encrusting (ACE)
Acropora submassive (ACS)
Acropora tabular (ACT)
Coral branching (CB)
Coral encrusting (CE)
Coral foliose (CF)
Coral heliopora (CHL)
Coral massive (CM)
Coral mushroom (CMR)
Composition and proportion of coral life formson Sangiang Island

Rubble Coverage
8.00
11.63
19.06
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
TEMBUYUNG
WARU
BAJO
RUBBLE PERCENTAGE
STATION
Percentage of coral fragment cover (Rubble) on Sangiang Island

5.95
14.00
6.58
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00
TEMBUYUNG
WARU
BAJO
Percentage
Station
Fleshy Seaweed Coverage

Coral Reef Fish Community
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Benthic Invertivora
Carnivora
Coralivora
Detritivora
Herbivora
Omnivora
Planktivora
Biomass (kg/500m²)
TrophicGroups
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Benthic Invertivora
Carnivora
Coralivora
Detritivora
Herbivora
Omnivora
Planktivora
Abundance (Ind/500m²)
TrophicGroups
Waru
Tembuyung
Bajo

Biomassof target fishat each station in Sangiang Island
0.0131
0.0056
0.0022
0.0000
0.0020
0.0040
0.0060
0.0080
0.0100
0.0120
0.0140
BAJO WARU TEMBUYUNG
FishesBiomass(Kg/ha)
Station

Coral Reef Health Index
1
4
2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
TEMBUYUNG WARU BAJO
CoralHealthIndex
Station
Hard Coral
Fleshy Seewed
Rubble
The Biomass of
target fish
Tembuyung
Waru
Bajo
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
F2(34.91%)
F1 (65.09 %)
Correspondence Analysis
(axes F1 and F2: 100.00 %)
Parameter Indeks Kesehatan Stasiun Pengamatan

Conclusion
 The average of live coral cover in Sangiang Island wass 24 %, which included into damaged category
 The highest percentage of fleshy seaweed cover was in Legon Waru by 14 % and the lowest was in
Tembuyung by 5.95 %
 Biomass of target fish was highest in Legon Bajo (0.013 kg/ha) and the lowest was in Tembuyung
(0.002 kg/ha)
 The results of the coral health index value at each observation station varied from 1 to 4.
 The health of corals in Sangiang Island:
 Legon Waru was strongly influenced by live coral cover
 Legon Bajo affected by live coral cover, rubble and biomass of target fish
 Tembuyung was influenced by the presence of fleshy seaweed cover

References
BBKSDA. 2016. Informasi Kawasan Konservasi lingkup BBKSDA Jabar, Jawa Barat.
Hadi, Tri Aryono, Giyanto, Bayu Prayudha, Muhammad Hafizt, Agus Budiyanto, dan Suharsono.
2018. Status Terumbu Karang Indonesia 2018. Puslit Oseanografi-LIPI. Jakarta.
Kohler, K. E: M. Gill. 2006. Coral Point Count With Excel extensios (CPCe): A visual basic program
for the determination of coral and substrate coverage using random point count
metodology. Comput Geosci 32(9):1259-1269
Kulbicki.M & Guillemot.N. 2005. A General Approach to length-Weight Relationship for New
Caledonian Lagoon Fishes. Cybium, 29(3): 235-252.
Zamani, N. P & H. Maduppa. 2011. A Standard Criteria for Assesing the Health of Coral Reefs:
Implication for Management and Conservation. Journal of Indonesia Coral Reefs 1(2). 137-
146.

Thank You

Assessment of coral reefs health in Nature Recreation Park (TWA=Taman Wisata Alam) Sangiang Island, Banten

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