Threats regardin ciral reef

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What is Coral Reef ?
•Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosytems held
together by calcuim carbonate structure secreted
by coral
• Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animal
found in marine water that contain few nutrient.
•Most coral reef are built from stony coral, which in
turn consist of polyps that cluster in group.

3. Natural Threats to the Reef
 Strong waves
 Hurricanes
 Coral Predators (Parrot Fish, Hawksbill Turtles)
 Coral Disease (white band/black band disease killing
the elk horn coral)
 Competition (from algae)
 Tsunamis
 Volcanoes
 Earthquakes
 Bleaching
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4. Threats from
Humans
• Pollution (oil spills, sewage,
garbage)
• Fish Traps
• Tourism
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5. Hurricanes
 Physical damage
 Destruction of other
ecosystems depending
upon coral reefs
 Smothering
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6. Tsunamis
 Physical damage
 Erosion
 Possible
disturbance of
reproduction
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7. Volcanoes Smothering
 Reefs being
buried by
sediment and ash
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8. Earthquake
s
 Triggers tsunamis
 Coastal landslides
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9. Coral
Predators
 Hawksbill Turtles
 parrot fish
 butterfly fish
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10. Diseas
e
 Black band
disease
 White band
disease
 White pox disease
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11.  speed the growth of damaging algae
 smothering
 lower water quality
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Threats from
HumansPollution:

12. Tourism
 Breakage of coral
colonies and tissue
damage from direct
contact such as
walking or
standing.
 Tourists take coral.
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13. Military
Testing
 Reefs were sites of
nuclear bomb testing
 Radioactively poisoned
 Takes years to recover
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14. Oil
 Coral reefs
are more
sensitive to
oil than other
coastal
areas
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15.  Dynamite fishing: It blows up coral.
 Cyanide fishing: It makes coral bleach and die.
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16. Locations of Threatened Reefs
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