1. CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT @teleject
ADAPTIVE IMAGES
IN RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
CSS DEV CONF 2012

3. WHY DON’T WE ASK
THE BROWSER?
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

4. Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1)
http://www.useragentstring.com/
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

5. Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1)
Mozilla/1.22 (compatible;
MSIE 2.0; Windows 95)
http://www.useragentstring.com/
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

6. Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac
OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/
534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Version/5.1.5 Safari/534.55.3
http://www.useragentstring.com/
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

7. Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac
OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/
534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Version/5.1.5 Safari/534.55.3
http://webaim.org/blog/user-agent-string-history/
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

8. FEATURE TESTING
vs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1
2
3

9. FEATURE TESTING
vs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1 Browser width
2
3

10. A scripting approach
var myWidth = 0, myHeight = 0;
if( typeof( window.innerWidth ) == 'number' ) {
//Non-IE
myWidth = window.innerWidth;
myHeight = window.innerHeight;
} else if( document.documentElement &&
( document.documentElement.clientWidth ||
document.documentElement.clientHeight ) ) {
//IE 6+ in 'standards compliant mode'
myWidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth;
myHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight;
}
http://www.howtocreate.co.uk/tutorials/javascript/browserwindow

11. The jQuery approach
// returns width of browser viewport
$(window).width();
// returns height of browser viewport
$(window).height();
// returns width of HTML document
$(document).width();
// returns height of HTML document
$(document).height();
http://api.jquery.com/width/ & http://api.jquery.com/height/

12. CSS media queries
// default, mobile-1st CSS rules devices go here
@media screen and (min-width: 480px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 910px) { ... }

13. (cc) flic.kr/p/8Lo5Gk

14. BROWSER WIDTH
GIVES US FRAME,
NOT THE CANVAS

15. FEATURE TESTING
vs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1 Browser width
2 Screen resolution
3

16. 72 PPI
HAS SERVED US WELL
(cc) flic.kr/p/6tjjRP

17. 72 points-per-inch =
72 pixels-per-inch

18. 96 PPI
IF A WINDOWS USER

19. 72 points-per-inch
x [1+(1/3)]
= 96 PPI

20. “RETINA” DISPLAYS
300ppi at 12 inches from the eyes
78μm
78μm
goo.gl/zpkFy

21. 240
144
72 PPI

22. “ [In 2013, Intel sees their
product line] offer a higher
resolution experience than a
top-of-the-line 1080p HDTV.”
http://liliputing.com/2012/04/intel-retina-laptop-
desktop-displays-coming-in-2013.html

23. 72 PPI

24. 240

25. 240 PPI

26. 240 PPI

27. 72 PPI

28. RETINA DISPLAYS =
LARGER IMAGES,
LARGER FILE SIZES

29. FEATURE TESTING
vs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1 Browser width
2 Screen resolution
3 Bandwidth

30. SPEED TESTS
HINDER SPEED,
USER EXPERIENCE
(cc) flic.kr/p/4DziUN

31. “ Testing for speed of an
internet connection is like
stepping in front of a car to see
how fast it is.”
(cc) flic.kr/p/4DziUN

32. “ Testing for speed of an
internet connection is like
stepping in front of a car to see
how fast it is.”
“ But, Christopher, you only
have to test it once.”
(cc) flic.kr/p/4DziUN

33. Speed test image
https://github.com/adamdbradley/foresight.js

34. Speed test image
+50k
https://github.com/adamdbradley/foresight.js

35. Native speed test
// @Modernizr's network-connection.js
connection = navigator.connection || {
type: 0 }, // polyfill
isSlowConnection = connection.type == 3
|| connection.type == 4
| /^[23]g$/.test(connection.type);
http://davidbcalhoun.com/2010/using-navigator-connection-android

36. IMG
GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
1
2
3

37. IMG
GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
1 .htaccess
2
3

38. Filament .htaccess
# Responsive Images
# Mobile-First images that scale responsively and responsibly
# Copyright 2010, Scott Jehl, Filament Group, Inc
# Dual licensed under the MIT or GPL Version 2 licenses.
# //Start Responsive Images
RewriteEngine On
# direct image requests to temp
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} full=(.*)&?
RewriteRule (.*)rwd-router/.*.(jpe?g|png|gif|webp) $1%1 [L]
# ignore trap for non-image requests, rewrite URL without trap segment
RewriteRule (.*)rwd-router/(.*)$ $1$2
# //End Responsive Images
https://github.com/filamentgroup/Responsive-Images

39. Filament .htaccess
<script src="responsiveimgs.js"></script>
<img src="sample-content/running-sml.jpg?
full=sample-content/running-lrg.jpg" />
4+ 8+

40. “ ...the server has no way to
know what resolution the
client’s device is, so it can’t
send the appropriately sized
embeded images.”
http://mattwilcox.net/archive/entry/id/1053/

41. http://adaptive-images.com/

42. ADD .HTACCESS, JS,
PHP 5, GD lib*, &
THEN <IMG>

43. IMG
GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
1 .htaccess
2 <picture> and/or srcset
3

44. media queries in HTML
<video controls>
<source type="video/mp4" src="video/windowsill_small.mp4"
media="all and (max-width: 480px), all and (max-device-width:
480px)">
<source type="video/webm" src="video/windowsill_small.webm"
media="all and (max-width: 480px), all and (max-device-width:
480px)">
<source type="video/mp4" src="video/windowsill.mp4">
<source type="video/webm" src="video/windowsill.webm">
<!-- proper fallback content goes here -->
</video>
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/03/15/polyfilling-
picture-without-the-overhead/

45. <picture> patch
<picture alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon temple in Angkor Thom,
Cambodia">
<!-- <source src="small.jpg"> -->
<source src="small.jpg">
<!-- <source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)"> -->
<source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)">
<!-- <source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)"> -->
<source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)">
<!-- Fallback content for non-JS browsers. Same src as the initial
source element. -->
<noscript><img src="small.jpg" alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon
temple in Angkor Thom, Cambodia"></noscript>
</picture>
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/03/15/polyfilling-
picture-without-the-overhead/

46. ADD IF-ELSE HTML, JS,
BORROW <VIDEO>, &
THEN <IMG>

47. @srcset standard?
<h1><img alt="The Breakfast Combo"
src="banner.jpeg"
srcset="banner-HD.jpeg 2x,
banner-phone.jpeg 100w,
banner-phone-HD.jpeg 100w 2x">
</h1>
http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/
embedded-content-1.html#attr-img-srcset

48. IMG
GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
1 .htaccess
2 <picture>
3 HiSRC

49. Set, forget it HiSRC
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/
libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="hisrc.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$(".hisrc img").hisrc();
});
</script>

50. Set, forget it HiSRC
<div class="hisrc">
<img src="halloween-mobile-1st.png"
data-1x="halloween-x1.png"
data-2x="halloween-x2.jpg"
alt="Celebrating Halloween in style" />
</div>

51. Set, forget it HiSRC
<div class="hisrc">
<img src="halloween-mobile-1st.png"
data-1x="halloween-x1.png"
data-2x="halloween-x2.jpg"
alt="Celebrating Halloween in style" />
</div>

52. SERIES OF CHECKS TO
FIND OUT RESPONSIVE
PATH FOR IMAGES...

53. DO NATIVE SPEED
TEST FOR MOBILE
DEVICES FIRST...
http://davidbcalhoun.com/2010/using-navigator-connection-android

54. Check pixel density...
$.hisrc.devicePixelRatio = 1;
if(window.devicePixelRatio !==
undefined) {
$.hisrc.devicePixelRatio =
window.devicePixelRatio
};
https://gist.github.com/2428356

55. Force speed test
+50k
https://github.com/adamdbradley/foresight.js

56. LESS THAN 4G MEANS
MOBILE IMAGES LEFT
IN PLACE

57. BETWEEN 4G &
300 Kbps MEANS
REGULAR DESKTOP
IMAGES SWAPPED IN

58. FAST SPEED & HIGH
DENSITY, RETINA
IMAGES SWAPPED IN
https://github.com/crdeutsch/hisrc/tree/v2

59. 2 TRICK PONY

60. CSS IS CORE.
WE USE CSS MEDIA
QUERIES FOR DESIGN

61. http://mediaqueri.es/

62. CSS media queries
// default, mobile-1st CSS rules devices go here
@media screen and (min-width: 480px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 910px) { ... }

63. Single pixel GIF

64. Single pixel GIF

65. Single pixel GIF

66. Single pixel GIF

67. Single pixel GIF
$.hisrc.defaults = {
useTransparentGif: true,
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/04/06/responsive-
content-images-using-a-spacer-png-and-background-image/

68. Single pixel GIF
$.hisrc.defaults = {
useTransparentGif: true,
transparentGifSrc: 'data:image/
gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAMz/
AAAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAE
AAAICRAEAOw==',
17+ 9+ 11.6+ 5+ 8+

69. Single pixel GIF
$.hisrc.defaults = {
useTransparentGif: true,
transparentGifSrc: 'http://
example.com/spg.gif',
17+ 9+ 11.6+ 5+ 6+

70. 2 APPROACHES,
1 SIMPLE SOLUTION.
https://github.com/teleject/hisrc

71. 2 APPROACHES,
1 SIMPLE SOLUTION.
HEART WEB DESIGN
https://github.com/teleject/hisrc

72. WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS
1
2
3
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

73. WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS
1 background-size: auto
2
3
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

74. http://fittextjs.com/

76. background-size: 100%
<a href="example.com/link">Download on Github</a>
.download a {
padding: .095em .8em;
background: url(../img/arrow.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 100%;
margin-left: .4em;
-webkit-transition: margin 0.15s ease-out;
-moz-transition: margin 0.15s ease-out;
text-decoration: none;
}
17+ 9+ 11.6+ 5+ 9+

77. WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS
1 background-size: auto
2 SVG
3
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

78. Native SVG
http://caniuse.com/#search=SVG%20in%20HTML%20img%20element

79. PNG 16kb
SVG 7kb
17+ 9+ 11.6+ 5+ 9+

80. HTML5 Boilerplate
<!doctype html>
<!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8 lt-ie7"
lang="en">
<![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8" lang="en">
<![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en"> <!
[endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <!--<!
[endif]-->
<head>

81. jQuery check
var checkBrowser =
$('html').hasClass('lt-ie9');
<div class="svgswap">
<img src="example.svg"
data-svgswap="example.png">
</div>
https://github.com/teleject/svg-swap

82. http://raphaeljs.com/

83. WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS
1 background-size: auto
2 SVG
3 font-based solutions
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

84. “ ...if you use <meta
charset="utf-8"> (you should
be for HTML5), you’re adding
common Unicode characters
like and ✆, and you don’t
need a specific font’s version...
just copy and paste them into
your HTML.”

85. Font-based RWD
http://ilovetypography.com/2012/04/11/designing-type-systems/

86. http://css-tricks.com/examples/IconFont/

87. Font-based icons
<style>
[data-icon]:before {
font-family: 'icon-font';
content: attr(data-icon);
}
</style>
<a href="http://example.com/cloud/save/">
<span data-icon="C" aria-hidden="true"></span>
Save to Cloud
</a>

88. WORKAROUNDS &
TRICKS
1 background-size: auto
2 SVG
3 font-based solutions
4 compressed JPEGs
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

94. IMG
GIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1
2
3

95. IMG
GIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1 simple design for users
2
3
#rwdimg

96. IMG
GIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1 simple design for users
2 browser, server handshake
3
#rwdimg

97. IMG
GIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1 simple design for users
2 browser, server handshake
3 same, several formats
#rwdimg

98. #rwdimg

99. #rwdimg

100. #rwdimg

101. #rwdimg

102. #rwdimg

103. #rwdimg

104. #rwdimg

105. <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/favicon.ico" />
#rwdimg

106. <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144"
href="apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114"
href="apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72"
href="apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed"
href="apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/favicon.ico" />
#rwdimg

107. #rwdimg

108. THANK YOU!
CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT @teleject
http://goo.gl/gSYmS
The Non Breaking Space Podcast - http://nonbreakingspace.tv/